Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献

{"title":"Imprints of the embryonic thermal environment on nasal mucosal immunity and disease resistance to Yersinia ruckeri in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr","authors":"Rodrigo Pinto ,&nbsp;Muhammad Salman Malik ,&nbsp;Hanne Brenne ,&nbsp;Fernando Afonso ,&nbsp;Erik Burgerhout ,&nbsp;Carlo C. Lazado","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated immune responses to <em>Yersinia ruckeri</em> in the olfactory organ and brain of Atlantic salmon parr and the influence of embryonic temperature history on immunity and disease resistance. Atlantic salmon were reared at 4 °C or 8 °C from fertilisation to the eyed stage of embryogenesis and maintained under standard rearing conditions until the parr stage (∼20 g). Fish were bath-exposed to <em>Y. ruckeri</em>, and immune responses were assessed at 1, 3, and 14 days post-infection (dpi). At 14 dpi, cumulative mortality in the 8 °C group (∼35 %) was significantly higher than in the 4 °C group (∼22 %). Low bacteria levels were detected in the olfactory organ and brain. <em>Y. ruckeri</em> antigens were present in the lamina propria of the olfactory lamellae and the optic tectum, including the meninges and nucleus of the vagus nerve. Mild histological changes, such as congestion and leukocyte infiltration were observed in the olfactory organ, although mucosal morphometric parameters were unaffected by infection or embryonic temperature history. <em>Y. ruckeri</em> modulated the expression of cytokines, antibacterial defence genes, and immunoglobulins in the olfactory organ. The most significant changes occurred at 3 and 14 dpi. Embryonic temperature history did not broadly alter immune gene expression, but <em>interleukin-1β</em> (<em>il1b</em>) and <em>tumour necrosis factor-α</em> (<em>tnfa</em>) had higher expression in the 8 °C group. In the brain, microglial markers includin<em>g aif1</em> and <em>cd45</em> were significantly upregulated at 14 dpi, particularly in the 8 °C group. This study provides insights into the nasal immune responses of Atlantic salmon to <em>Y. ruckeri</em>. Our findings suggest that lower embryonic temperature history influenced disease resistance against <em>Y. ruckeri</em> in Atlantic salmon parr, but only minimally shaped immune responses in the olfactory organ and brain following infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145631117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the CD28 signaling pathway related genes (CD28, Grb2 and SLP-76) of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)","authors":"Zhitao Qi ,&nbsp;Jinquan He ,&nbsp;Chenfei Gu ,&nbsp;Yushuai Xie ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Pan ,&nbsp;Qihuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Youchuan Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CD28 signaling pathway plays critical roles in the T cell activation. The golden pompano (<em>Trachinotus ovatus</em>, Tro) is a commercially important marine fish that widely cultured in southern China. Frequently pathogenic disease outbreaks greatly hinder the industry of golden pompano. Understanding the T cell activation signaling pathway of golden pompano contributes to prevent pathogenic diseases using immunological strategies. In the present study, three molecules of CD28 signaling pathway (TroCD28, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (TroGrb2) and SH2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kDa (TroSLP-76)) were identified from golden pompano. The cDNA of the three genes respectively encoded 248, 217 and 375 amino acids. TroCD28, TroGrb2 and TroSLP-76 contained several conserved functional domains, similar to their mammalian counterparts. qPCR analysis revealed that these three genes were ubiquitously expressed in all selected tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), with high expressions in immune-related tissues (spleen, head kidney, gill). Further, expressions of these three genes in head kidney were significantly induced at different time points post lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (polyI:C) stimulation and <em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em> infection. The coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay verified the TroCD28-TroGrb2 interaction. These results provide basis for understanding the process of T cell activation in golden pompano.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute intestinal injury in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) under infection with Vibrio harveyi","authors":"Zhuojin He ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Zheng ,&nbsp;Lixin Ma,&nbsp;Zhilong Chen,&nbsp;Li Lin,&nbsp;Fei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Vibrio harveyi</em> is a major marine fish pathogen, yet the intestinal pathology and immune defense mechanisms during acute infection remain unclear. The effects of <em>V. harveyi</em> infection on intestinal structure, biochemical indicators, and transcriptomic profiles of hybrid grouper (<em>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</em> ♀ × <em>Epinephelus lanceolatus</em> ♂) were investigated. The results showed that <em>V. harveyi</em> infection significantly increased goblet cell hyperplasia (P &lt; 0.05), thinning of the midgut wall (P &lt; 0.05), and intestinal apoptosis (P &lt; 0.05). Biochemical assays revealed significantly up-regulated activities of catalase (CAT) (P &lt; 0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P &lt; 0.05), accompanied by decreased glutathione (GSH) levels (P &lt; 0.05) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P &lt; 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis revealed differentially expressed genes were enriched in the Antigen processing and presentation pathway and Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated increased mRNA expression of Interleukin-6 (<em>IL-6</em>), Nuclear Factor Kappa-B p65 (<em>NF-κB p65</em>), and the tight-junction protein Claudin-3α (<em>CLDN-3α</em>). Redundancy analysis identified significant correlations among oxidative stress indicators, differentially expressed genes, and intestinal morphometric parameters (goblet cell number, villus length and intestinal wall thickness). Collectively, these findings highlight that <em>V. harveyi</em> compromises hybrid grouper health through disruption of mucosal structure, oxidative homeostasis, and immune regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional insights into cytokine-like molecules in crustacean innate immunity","authors":"Warumporn Yingsunthonwattana,&nbsp;Zittipong Nanakorn,&nbsp;Anchalee Tassanakajon","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crustaceans, like other invertebrates, lack adaptive immunity and rely primarily on innate immune responses for defense against invading pathogens. Cytokines are signaling molecules that play vital roles in coordinating innate immune responses. Cytokine-like molecules such as astakines, interferon-like proteins (namely Vago), Spätzle, interleukin-like proteins, and tumor necrosis factors have been identified in crustaceans including shrimp, crayfish, and crabs. These molecules, although structurally distinct from vertebrate cytokines, have critical roles in regulating innate immune responses. They mediate processes such as hemocyte proliferation, production of antimicrobial peptides, antiviral response, and anti-inflammation through key immune signaling pathways including Toll, JAK/STAT, and IMD. Astakines are particularly important in crustacean hematopoiesis; Vago is involved in antiviral immunity, and Spätzle functions as a key ligand in Toll signaling. Interleukin-like proteins and tumor necrosis factors, although less well characterized in crustaceans, likely play crucial roles in the innate immune system. Studying the functions of these cytokine-like proteins enables better understanding crustacean immunity and has significant implications for improving disease management in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis unveils the differentiated “external” and “internal” lectin system in the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota","authors":"Xinyue Ren ,&nbsp;Zhou Qin ,&nbsp;Renhui Liu ,&nbsp;Ting Chen ,&nbsp;Tiehao Lin ,&nbsp;Xinyu Sun ,&nbsp;Jiasheng Huang ,&nbsp;Wenjie Pan ,&nbsp;Caixia Long ,&nbsp;Chunhua Ren ,&nbsp;Haipeng Qin ,&nbsp;Peiming Zheng ,&nbsp;Aifen Yan ,&nbsp;Lihong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To date, the understanding of lectin-related immunity in sea cucumbers remains limited. Through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis, 133 lectin genes were identified from <em>Holothuria leucospilota</em>, a sea cucumber species with high ecological and economic significance in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. These lectins were classified into five subtypes, with C-type lectin being the predominant form, and the presence of SUEL-like lectin and Malectin reported here for the first time in sea cucumbers. Transcriptomic analysis across twelve tissues and sixteen developmental stages revealed ubiquitous expression of <em>H. leucospilota</em> lectins. A key finding was the compartmentalization of lectin systems: SUEL-like lectins expressed in the body wall constitute an “external” defense system, while C-type lectins produced by coelomocytes form an “internal” immune system. This spatial and functional specialization reflects a sophisticated immune strategy in invertebrates, enabling targeted pathogen recognition at different bodily interfaces. Furthermore, distinct immune responses to <em>Vibrio</em>, LPS, and poly(I:C) were observed among different lectins. We also identified an ovary-specific C-type lectin, suggesting a potential role in early embryonic development. This study not only fills a knowledge gap regarding lectin genes in sea cucumbers but also establishes a broader framework for understanding complex immune mechanisms in echinoderms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of a diversified mannose receptor family in chickens","authors":"Karen Staines ,&nbsp;John R. Young ,&nbsp;Colin Butter","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mannose Receptor plays important roles in capture and internalisation of endogenous and pathogen-derived ligands and consequent regulation of physiological and immunological processes.</div><div>Whereas mammals have a single Mannose Receptor gene, birds have five paralogous genes that have diversified their intracellular and extracellular domains.</div><div>Using synthesised, codon-optimised genes transfected into Cos-7 and CHO cells we produced fusion proteins that were used in a novel DNA, DNA, Protein prime-boost immunisation strategy to produce monoclonal antibodies with specificities to each of the proteins MRC1L A-E.</div><div>Cross-reactivity of the macrophage-specific KUL01 monoclonal antibody with only the MRC1L-B protein definitively confirms the identity of the <em>KUL01</em> gene as <em>MRC1L-B.</em> Immunohistochemistry with the MRC1L-B monoclonal antibody locates a population of cells consistent with the understood locations of chicken macrophages.</div><div>Expression of MRC1L-A was largely restricted to vascular endothelial cells, alongside MHC II. In this regard expression of the two avian proteins mirrors the single mammalian orthologue, MRC1. MRC1L-C and D were found on occasional cells in specific tissues, while MRC1L-E was identified more widely, though with a more restricted distribution than with MRC1L-B.</div><div>The diversified functions of this gene family remain to be elucidated. Particularly, it is of note that while the cytoplasmic domains of MRC1L-A, B and D possess recognisable endocytosis motifs, only the <em>MRC1L-A</em> gene encodes a di-aromatic sorting motif, with potential consequences for immune function, including cross-presentation of exogenous antigens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145502765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells suggests Protocadherin-1 (PCDH1) as a distinctive innate immunity signature in Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Gir compared to Karan Fries cattle","authors":"Mayank Roshan ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Vats ,&nbsp;Kamlesh Kumari Bajwa ,&nbsp;Tony Moses ,&nbsp;Dheer Singh ,&nbsp;Ragothaman M. Yennamalli ,&nbsp;Suneel Kumar Onteru","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary defence mechanism depends on the gene expression profile of the innate immune system. Although Indian cattle breeds appear to have better disease resistance than exotic and crossbred cattle, the molecular evidence is limited. Therefore, the study explored the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) across three indigenous Indian cattle breeds, Sahiwal (SW), Tharparkar (TP), and Gir (GIR), in comparison to a crossbred Karan Fries (KF). RNA sequencing was performed on PBMCs of healthy cattle (n = 3 per breed). Differential gene expression analysis revealed 259 upregulated and 180 downregulated genes in the indigenous breeds than KF. The SW displayed the greatest number of upregulated innate immune genes (n = 23), followed by TP (n = 20) and GIR (n = 5). Among these innate immune genes, Protocadherin-1 (<em>PCDH1</em>), Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (<em>LRP1B</em>), Chemokine C-C motif ligand 8 (<em>CCL8</em>), and Wnt family member 4 (<em>WNT4</em>) were consistently upregulated across all three indigenous breeds. Particularly, the strong upregulation of <em>PCDH1</em> (&gt;9-fold) along with <em>LRP1B</em>, <em>CCL8</em>, and <em>WNT4</em> suggests better innate immunity in indigenous breeds than KF. The highest number of downregulated genes was observed in TP (n = 80), followed by SW (n = 71) and GIR (n = 29). Major upregulated pathways included viral protein-cytokine interactions in SW, chemokine and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) signalling pathways in TP, and B cell receptor signalling pathway in GIR. Downregulated pathways included complement cascades in SW and TP, and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells in SW and GIR. Additionally, the genes showing duplications at DNA level (<em>FOSB, NLRP13, and PLAUR)</em> interestingly showed an increased expression in Tharparkar breed and the gene (<em>SLC29A4)</em> having deletions at genome level showed decreased expression in the PBMCs of SW. Overall, this study presents molecular evidence for greater innate immunity of Indian indigenous cattle breeds compared to a crossbred, KF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription factor expression for identifying B cell subsets in cattle by flow cytometry","authors":"Hayley Brown ,&nbsp;Selma Schmidt ,&nbsp;Michelle Thom ,&nbsp;Adam Kuča ,&nbsp;Claudine Porta ,&nbsp;John A. Hammond ,&nbsp;Marie Bonnet-Di Placido ,&nbsp;Wilhelm Gerner","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With their capacity for antibody production, B cells underpin many protective immune responses, but they can also contribute to immunopathology and autoimmunity. Studying their differentiation following antigen encounter is therefore a key aspect of fundamental immunological research. However, in many livestock species, including cattle, the study of B cell subsets is limited by the restricted availability of immunological tools. Here, we demonstrate that cross-reacting anti-human and anti-murine antibodies used in combination with established anti-bovine reagents can be used to identify three major cattle B cell subsets by flow cytometry: a) total mature B cells, b) plasma cells and plasmablasts, and c) germinal centre (GC) B cells. For this, we employed antibodies targeting CD79α, Pax5, Blimp1, IRF4, and Bcl6. CD79α/Pax5 co-expressing total B cells largely overlapped with the previously described CD14⁻CD40⁺ phenotype. Putative plasma cells, defined by Blimp1/IRF4 co-expression, were detected in blood and lymph nodes and exhibited reduced Pax5 expression, consistent with a plasma cell phenotype. In contrast, putative GC B cells, identified by Bcl6 expression, were only observed in lymph nodes, as expected for this population. Using foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles (VLPs) as probes to detect antigen-specific B cells in blood and lymph nodes from VLP-immunised cattle, we show that our newly established phenotypes facilitate the dissection of antigen-driven B cell responses. Notably, VLP-binding B cell subsets were predominantly detected in lymph node cell preparations draining the site of vaccination. Thus, this work significantly expands the toolbox available for studying B cell biology in cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of diets enriched with selenium nanoparticles derived from Spirulina platensis for improving Pacific whiteleg shrimp's growth, immune response, tissue antioxidants, histomorphometric traits, and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection","authors":"El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa ,&nbsp;Gehad E. Elshopakey ,&nbsp;Shaymaa Rezk ,&nbsp;Medhat S. Shakweer ,&nbsp;Ola Hasan Abd El Megeed ,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Almotayri ,&nbsp;Nourah M. Almimoni ,&nbsp;Ashraf Albrakati ,&nbsp;Samia Elbahnaswy","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the use of green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), produced using the microalgal extract <em>Spirulina platensis</em> as a feed additive, on growth, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and resistance to <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> in Pacific whiteleg shrimp. Two hundred forty shrimp were divided into four groups: control, SP-SeNPs 0.3 ‰, SP-SeNPs 0.6 ‰, and SP-SeNPs 0.9 ‰, randomly allocated into 12 hapas in triplicate (20 shrimp per hapa) and fed twice daily based on 4 % of their body weight. At the end of the feeding trial, the shrimp were challenged with <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. Microalgal-synthesized SeNPs notably increased the shrimp's growth parameters as the dietary SeNPs doses rose. The 0.3 ‰ SP-SeNPs group showed significant increases in total hemocyte counts and non-specific immune parameters such as respiratory burst, lysozyme activity, and lysosomal enzymes (alkaline (AKP) and acid (ACP) phosphatases) compared to the control. Antioxidant activity was higher in this group, evidenced by lower malondialdehyde levels along with increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes. Additionally, immune gene expressions (prophenoloxidase (<em>LvproPO</em>) and hemocyanin (<em>LvHc</em>)) were elevated relative to the control. Conversely, groups receiving 0.6 ‰ and 0.9 ‰ SeNPs exhibited significantly lower total hemocyte counts and innate immune indices, along with increased oxidative stress. The survival rate was higher in the 0.3 ‰ SP-SeNPs group compared to the control following infection with the virulent <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> strain. These findings suggest that SP-SeNPs, particularly at 0.3 ‰, may serve as an effective immunostimulant to improve growth and immune response in shrimp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoregulatory functions of TRAF2 in chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus): mediating cell survival, antiviral defense, and macrophage polarization","authors":"D.C.G. Rodrigo ,&nbsp;Yasara Kavindi Kodagoda ,&nbsp;M.A.H. Dilshan ,&nbsp;W.K.M. Omeka ,&nbsp;H.A.C.R. Hanchapola ,&nbsp;G.A.N.P. Ganepola ,&nbsp;Gaeun Kim ,&nbsp;Jihun Lee ,&nbsp;Taehyug Jeong ,&nbsp;Qiang Wan ,&nbsp;Jeongeun Kim ,&nbsp;Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dci.2025.105519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) plays a crucial role in regulating key cellular processes, including survival, proliferation, antiviral defense and inflammation. In this study, a novel TRAF family homolog (SjTraf2) was identified from Chub mackerel (<em>Scomber japonicus</em>), consisting of a 1569 bp open reading frame encoding 523 amino acids, which comprises an N-terminal Really Interesting New Gene-type, zinc finger, and a C-terminal TRAF domain. The predicted molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point of SjTraf2 were 58.73 kDa and 7.14, respectively. Phylogenetic and pairwise sequence analyses revealed that TRAF2 from <em>Scomber scombrus</em> exhibits the closest evolutionary relationship to that of the chub mackerel. qRT-PCR revealed ubiquitous expression of SjTraf2 in fish tissues, whereas robust expression was observed in blood, followed by the brain and heart. The mRNA expression profile of <em>SjTraf2</em> was significantly upregulated in blood and gills response to immune stimulants, including polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I: C), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), <em>Vibrio harveyi,</em> and <em>Streptococcus iniae</em>. A dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that SjTraf2 activated the NF-κB signaling pathway following poly (I: C) stimulation. SjTraf2 overexpression in Fathead minnow (FHM) cells reduced poly (I: C)-induced cell death, as evidenced by a declined <em>Bax/Bcl-2</em> ratio, indicating its anti-apoptotic role. SjTraf2 overexpressing FHM cells exhibited decreased replication of rVHSV-ΔNV-EGFP (rVHSV) and elevated levels of interferons and interferons (IFN)-inducible genes, including <em>IFN-1</em>, <em>IFN-γ, IRF3</em>, <em>IRF7</em>, <em>ISG-15</em>, <em>MX</em> and <em>Viperin</em> at 24 and 48-h post-infection with the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). SjTraf2 overexpression in macrophages enhanced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (<em>iNOS</em> and <em>IL-6</em>) and promoted M1 polarization. However, upon LPS stimulation, its effect shifted toward an anti-inflammatory response by redirecting macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Collectively, our findings highlight that SjTraf2 regulates immune responses during cellular stress and pathogenic infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11228,"journal":{"name":"Developmental and comparative immunology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 105519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}