Diagnostics最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing Hippocampal Subfield Visualization Through Deep Learning Reconstructed MRI Scans.","authors":"Nikolaus Clodi, Benjamin Bender, Gretha Hecke, Karolin Hauptvogel, Georg Gohla, Till-Karsten Hauser, Patrick Ghibes, Klaus Hergan, Ulrike Ernemann, Arne Estler","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15121523","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15121523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Assessing hippocampal pathology in epilepsy is challenging, and improving diagnostic accuracy can benefit from deep learning image reconstruction, standardized imaging protocols, and advanced post-processing methods. This study compares T2 TSE DRB (Deep Resolve Boost) sequences with standard T2 TSE sequences for hippocampal segmentation and volumetry using FreeSurfer, focusing on how DRB affects image acquisition time without compromising diagnostic accuracy. <b>Methods:</b> FreeSurfer (version 7.4.1) was used to segment hippocampal subregions in 36 subjects (mean age of 39 ± 14 years; 21 males, 15 females) using both T2 TSE DRB and T2 TSE sequences. The segmented volumes were compared with a two-tailed <i>t</i>-test, and pathological volume differences were assessed using z-values based on a 95% confidence interval (-2 < z < 2). <b>Results:</b> Overall hippocampal segment volumes were identical between sequences. However, significant volume differences were noted in the CA1-Body (<i>p</i> = 0.003), CA4-Body (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and whole hippocampal body (<i>p</i> = 0.012) in the right hippocampus. Despite these differences, the low effect sizes suggest DRB sequences are comparable to conventional sequences. Additionally, DRB reduced image acquisition time by 61%. Z-scores identified pathological volume changes between the left and right hippocampus in individual subjects. <b>Conclusions:</b> T2 TSE DRB sequences are non-inferior to conventional T2 TSE sequences for hippocampal segmentation. The DRB method improves efficiency while providing clinically reliable results, and the proposed 95% confidence interval can aid in more objective assessments of hippocampal pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Maternal Morbidity and near Miss-Events in Women with Heart Disease: Insights from a Cohort Study.","authors":"Felipe Favorette Campanharo, Edward Araujo Júnior, Daniel Born, Gustavo Yano Callado, Eduardo Félix Martins Santana, Sue Yazaki Sun, Rosiane Mattar","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15121524","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15121524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The maternal mortality ratio is one of the global health indicators, and cardiopathies are the leading indirect causes of maternal deaths. Proper management of pregnant women with heart disease is crucial, as the severity of these conditions can lead to complications during the perinatal period. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of severe maternal morbidity and associated factors in pregnant women with heart disease. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a referral hospital in São Paulo from 2008 to 2017, including pregnant women with heart disease who underwent procedures in the obstetric center (<i>n</i> = 345). Sociodemographic, obstetric, and pre-existing conditions were analyzed, along with life-threatening conditions, near-miss events, and maternal deaths. Heart diseases were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, and health indicators were calculated using WHO-recommended formulas. The Chi-square test or Likelihood Ratio test (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was used to compare severe maternal morbidity among women with heart disease. <b>Results:</b> The mean age of participants was 29.1 ± 7.29 years; most were white (58.8%), had completed high school (37.9%), and were married (71.6%). The most frequent pre-existing conditions were hypertension (9.6%) and diabetes mellitus (9.3%). The mean gestational age at admission/delivery was 37 weeks. According to the WHO classification, most women were classified as \"II/III\" (31.6%). Life-threatening conditions included hemorrhagic complications (13.9%), hypertensive complications (5.8%), clinical complications (19.7%), and severe management conditions (31.6%). Near-miss events occurred in 6.4% of patients, with clinical criteria in 2.9%, laboratory criteria in 4.3%, and management criteria in 3.5%. The cesarean section rate was 51%. Patients classified as WHO III and IV presented more severe management conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and those in WHO IV had a higher occurrence of near-miss events (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). Maternal mortality was 0.9% (<i>n</i> = 3). <b>Conclusions:</b> The incidence of severe maternal morbidity was 25 cases (22 near-miss events + 3 maternal deaths), equivalent to 2.86 per 1000 live births, and was significantly associated with WHO classifications III and IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CBCT-Based Anthropometric Evaluation of Edentulous Alveolar Crest Lengths.","authors":"Ozgun Yildirim, Eda Izgi, Mustafa Ozturk, Orhan Gulen","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15121525","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15121525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: With technological advancements, fabricated block onlay allografts have been developed, particularly for grafting severely resorbed alveolar crests before implant surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the alveolar crest lengths of the edentulous maxilla and mandible using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to investigate their correlations with gender and age. The data obtained will serve as preliminary input for block onlay allograft production. <b>Methods</b>: CBCT scans of 451 participants and 595 edentulous jaws were analyzed. The following measurements were taken: the distance between the zygomatic buttress projection and the infraorbital foramen projection onto the crest (U1, U4); from the infraorbital foramen projection to the incisive canal (U2, U3); between the midpoint of the linea obliqua externa projection and the mental foramen projection (L1, L4); and from the mental foramen projection to the midline at the incisive canal level (L2, L3). Measurements were compared across gender and age groups. <b>Results</b>: No significant differences were observed in maxillary measurements between genders. However, the values of L1, L2, and L4 in males were significantly higher than those in females (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Age did not affect substantially most measurements, except for L4, where individuals over 70 years had lower mean values than those under 50 years (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: The mandibular posterior region demonstrated the most prominent residual alveolar crest. Mandibular crest lengths were significantly greater in males. Although age showed a limited impact, a reduction in posterior mandibular crest length was evident in individuals over 70 years compared to younger individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dentoalveolar Abscess Caused by Pericoronitis of an Erupting First Molar.","authors":"Kana Kawashima, Masashi Ogawa, Meiko Tachikake, Yuto Shoji, Tatsuya Akitomo, Ryota Nomura","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15121531","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15121531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Pericoronitis is defined as inflammation of the soft tissues around the crown of an erupting tooth or a tooth with incomplete eruption, most commonly during eruption of the third molars. Pediatric dentists frequently encounter pericoronitis of the first molar, most of which resolve spontaneously. We describe the case of a 7-year-old girl who was referred to our hospital with intractable swelling in the right buccal region. <b>Case Presentation</b>: Intraoral examination showed an erupting right mandibular first molar and facial examination revealed swelling and an accumulation of pus in the cheek region. Radiographic examination revealed no pathological findings; therefore, it was diagnosed as a cheek abscess, and the region was incised that day. However, the symptoms recurred 3 weeks later, and cone-beam computed tomography detected a bone defect in the right mandibular first molar region, confirming a diagnosis of dentoalveolar abscess caused by pericoronitis of the first molar. The swelling resolved after incision of the abscess, and bone recovery was confirmed by X-ray in the follow-up period. <b>Conclusions</b>: Erupting first molars is at risk of pericoronitis, which may sometimes progress to a dentoalveolar abscess. Dental professionals should be alert to this possibility and should advise pediatric patients and their guardians to maintain good oral hygiene around erupting molars.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Performance Evaluation of T-prep24: A Novel Automated Nucleic Acid Extraction System Based on Silica Magnetic Beads.","authors":"Jung Ho Park, Naeun Kwak, Dokyun Kim, Jong-Chan Chae, Seok Hoon Jeong","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15121528","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15121528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Rapid molecular detection of infectious pathogen with high sensitivity and specificity has become increasingly important in clinical microbiology laboratories. The need to develop domestically produced nucleic acid extraction equipment has grown since COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. In this study, we developed a new magnetic bead-based automated nucleic acid extraction system, T-Prep24 system, and the performance of the new system was evaluated with many clinical specimens. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 180 respiratory specimens were collected, and nucleic acids were extracted using three different systems, the T-Prep24 system, TANBead system, and Qiagen system. The quality and concentration of extracted nucleic acid were evaluated by spectrophotometer and Qubit fluorometer. Qualitative determination for SARS-CoV-2 was performed by PowerChek SARS-CoV-2 Real-time PCR kit. <b>Results:</b> The median concentration of nucleic acid extracted by T-Prep24 system and measured by a fluorescence-based method was 0.685 ng/µL (first to third interquartile range, 0.258-1.493 ng/µL), which was lower than that of nucleic acid extracted by TANBead system (median value, 0.985 ng/µL; first to third interquartile range, 0.610-1.583 ng/µL; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and that of nucleic acid extracted by Qiagen system (median value, 4.710 ng/µL; first to third interquartile range, 3.783-5.810 ng/µL; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The Cq values of PCR assays using nucleic acid extracted by T-prep24 showed minimal systematic bias (slope = 1.015) when compared with those using nucleic acid extracted by TANBead, but significant proportional constant bias (slope = 0.907) when compared with those using nucleic acid extracted by Qiagen. The results of PCR assays using nucleic acid extracted by the T-Prep24 system were identical to those of PCR assays using nucleic acid extracted by TANBead system, and two discrepant results were identified when comparing with those by the Qiagen system. <b>Conclusions:</b> T-Prep24 system is a reliable and effective tool for nucleic acid extraction in clinical settings. Future investigations should be carried out to widen the applicability to a range of pathogens and sample types.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of and Sex-Related Differences in Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Adolescents and Young Adults with Malocclusion.","authors":"Shuzo Sakata, Ryo Kunimatsu, Kazutaka Ikeda, Katsuhito Sugai, Shintaro Ogashira, Kotaro Tanimoto","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15121527","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15121527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has been suggested to negatively affect academic performance and behavior. Malocclusion is reportedly a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing and may be associated with daytime sleepiness. This study investigated the age and sex of patients with malocclusion who are at increased risk of EDS and collected data for future EDS screening. <b>Methods</b>: We analyzed 556 patients with malocclusion aged 6-29 years to identify age- and sex-specific differences in the risk of EDS. Adults were surveyed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and non-adults were surveyed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents. <b>Results</b>: The mean ESS score was 4.1 ± 4.1, and the median score was 3. The mean score tended to increase significantly with age. In adolescents, ESS scores increased gradually. In adolescents and young adults, ESS scores were significantly higher in females than in males, and the prevalence of EDS in young adults was 16.7% in men and 32.1% in women, with a marked sex-related difference. <b>Conclusions</b>: In patients with malocclusion, daytime sleepiness may gradually increase from adolescence to young adulthood and be more pronounced in females. The prevalence of EDS in young adults seems higher in women than in men. Our findings could aid in the early identification of EDS and facilitate multidisciplinary cooperation between dentists and sleep specialists. Early identification of sleep problems and prompt intervention during the high-risk period for developing EDS could improve the quality of life for many adolescents and contribute to improved public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Validation of Commercial AI Software for the Detection of Incidental Vertebral Compression Fractures in CT Scans of the Chest and Abdomen.","authors":"Vinu Mathew, Dawn Pearce, Noah Kates Rose, Sidharth Saini, Earl Bogoch","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15121530","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15121530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The objective of this study was to clinically validate the performance of the Nanox.AI HealthOST software in detecting incidental vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) on outpatient chest and abdomen CT scans using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). A secondary aim was to assess the rate of missed VCFs using initial radiologist reports. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was performed on 590 outpatient CT scans. HealthOST, an artificial intelligence solution from Nanox.AI that allows for automated spine analysis using CT images was evaluated against a consensus ground truth established by two radiologists, including a senior musculoskeletal radiologist. Two vertebral body height reduction thresholds were tested: mild (>20%) and moderate (>25%). Original radiologist reports were reviewed to identify missed VCFs. <b>Results:</b> At the 20% threshold, the AI achieved a sensitivity of 92.0%, a specificity of 52.7%, a PPV of 16.5%, and an NPV of 98.5%. At the 25% threshold, sensitivity decreased to 78.0%, while specificity improved to 94.2%, with a PPV of 51.1% and an NPV of 98.2%. The AI identified 88% and 92% of fractures missed by radiologists at the 20% and 25% thresholds, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The Nanox HealthOST AI solution demonstrates potential as an effective screening tool, with threshold selection adaptable to clinical needs with a secondary review by a radiologist that is advisable to ensure diagnostic accuracy. The study further indicates that radiologists often overlook VCFs in reporting non-indicated cases and that AI has a role in enhancing the detection and reporting of vertebral compression fractures in routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Assessment and Nutritional Status in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia-A Cross-Sectional Study from a Vietnamese Tertiary Pediatric Center.","authors":"Thi Thuy Hong Nguyen, Khanh Minh Le, Thi Anh Thuong Tran, Khanh Ngoc Nguyen, Thi Bich Ngoc Can, Phuong Thao Bui, Dat Tien Tran, Chi Dung Vu","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15121534","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15121534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) face significant risks of impaired growth and metabolic disturbances despite standard glucocorticoid therapy. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate growth outcomes, nutritional status, and associated factors among children with CAH treated in a Vietnamese tertiary pediatric center. <b>Methods:</b> We assessed 201 children aged 1.1-16.5 years in a tertiary pediatric center in Vietnam for anthropometric parameters, biochemical markers (calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D), and clinical features. Growth status was evaluated using WHO standards, and bone age was assessed radiographically. Statistical analyses explored associations between growth outcomes and clinical, biochemical, and treatment-related factors. <b>Results</b>: Stunting was present in 16.4% of children, while 53.3% were overweight or obese. Bone age advancement occurred in 51.7% of cases. Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was detected in 85.6% of patients, and hypocalcemia was present in 85.1%. Overweight/obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and bone age advancement were associated with older age, prolonged corticosteroid therapy, higher androgen levels, and clinical features of treatment imbalance (e.g., Cushingoid appearance, hyperpigmentation). Female sex was significantly associated with higher rates of stunting. <b>Conclusions</b>: Growth impairment, nutritional deficiencies, and skeletal maturation disturbances are prevalent among children with CAH in Vietnam. Early identification of risk factors and the implementation of tailored management strategies that address both endocrine and nutritional health are crucial for optimizing long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Demodex folliculorum</i>.","authors":"Ayyad Zartasht Khan, Fredrik Fineide, Jens Wohlmann, Kjell Gunnar Gundersen, Morten Gundersen, Miriam Kolko, Tor Paaske Utheim","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15121520","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15121520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, we present scanning electron microscopy imagery of <i>Demodex folliculorum</i> on the eyelashes of a patient with a two-year history of dry, burning, and watery eyes. <i>Demodex</i> mites are part of the normal human skin flora, inhabiting hair follicles and sebaceous glands. However, in some individuals, they may contribute to ocular surface diseases, including blepharitis and dry eye disease. Symptoms often include itching, photophobia, and a foreign body sensation. The pathogenic role of <i>Demodex</i> is not fully understood but may involve microabrasions, gland obstruction, hypersensitivity reactions, and bacterial dysbiosis. The presence of collarettes at the base of eyelashes is a diagnostic hallmark. Although optimal treatment remains debated, options include topical tea tree oil, ivermectin, and a recently FDA-approved drug lotilaner. Our patient responded favorably to a two-month regimen of tea tree oil-based eyelid wipes. This case underscores the clinical relevance of <i>Demodex</i> infestation in chronic ocular discomfort and highlights the importance of diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Invasive Screening for Early Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Hyperuricaemic Men Using Transcranial Colour-Coded Duplex Sonography.","authors":"Zhirong Xu, Jiayi Ye, Han Wang, Jiemin Chen, Kailing Tan, Shilin Li, Shanshan Su","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15121519","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15121519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Hyperuricaemia has been linked to cognitive decline, yet cerebral structural and haemodynamic changes in this population remain poorly defined. We evaluated transcranial colour-coded duplex (TCCD) sonography as a non-invasive screening tool for early mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly hyperuricaemic men. <b>Methods:</b> In this cross-sectional study, 195 men aged ≥ 60 years with hyperuricaemia were stratified by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) into HUA + MCI (MoCA < 26, <i>n</i> = 46) and HUA (MoCA ≥ 26, <i>n</i> = 149) groups. TCCD measured third-ventricle width (TVW) and peak systolic/end-diastolic velocities to calculate resistive (RI) and pulsatility (PI) indices in the middle (MCA) and posterior (PCA) cerebral arteries. Serum uric acid was recorded. Kernel density plots and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed diagnostic performance. <b>Results:</b> The HUA + MCI group exhibited higher serum uric acid (508.5 ± 36.3 vs. 492.9 ± 44.0 µmol/L; <i>p</i> = 0.031), greater TVW (0.55 ± 0.11 vs. 0.51 ± 0.08 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.037), and elevated left PCA RI (0.69 ± 0.07 vs. 0.64 ± 0.06) and PI (1.05 ± 0.17 vs. 0.95 ± 0.12; both <i>p</i> < 0.001). ROC analysis identified left PCA PI as the most specific marker (AUC = 0.701; specificity 90.6%; sensitivity 45.7%). Kernel density plots confirmed distinct distributions of key parameters. <b>Conclusions:</b> TCCD-detected ventricular enlargement and raised PCA pulsatility accurately distinguish MCI among hyperuricaemic men. As a non-invasive, accessible technique with high specificity, TCCD may complement MRI and cognitive testing in early screening of at-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}