Diagnostics最新文献

{"title":"Utility and Challenges of Imaging in Peripheral Vestibular Disorder Diagnosis: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Gabriela Cornelia Musat, Codrut Sarafoleanu, Mihai Alexandru Preda, Calin Petru Tataru, George G Mitroi, Andreea Alexandra Mihaela Musat, Mihnea Radu, Ovidiu Musat","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101272","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15101272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review focuses on the contribution of medical imaging in the diagnosis of peripheral vestibular disorders. This is a narrative review based on a focused literature search conducted using PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Imaging is not usually recommended in initial consultations for vestibular disorders because only 5-10% of MRI scans reveal findings directly related to the disease. The study is a review of the literature that highlights the utility and limitations of imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It follows the diagnostic approach from history and physical examination to laboratory tests and imaging. Some conditions like vestibular neuritis and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) have limited imaging utility due to the fine details required. Conversely, high-resolution CT and MRI are important for diagnosing Meniere's disease, acoustic neuroma, and superior canal dehiscence. The role of imaging varies a lot among specific conditions. Advances in imaging technology, particularly high-resolution MRI, promise enhanced diagnostic capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Diagnostic Challenge Leading to Lung Transplantation.","authors":"Maria-Daniela Mot, Dana Cristina Olar, Paula Alexandra Vulciu, Paula-Irina Barata, Ana-Liana Bouros-Tataru, Denis Bogdan Butari, Florin Mihai Șandor, Laura Ioana Bondar","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101267","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15101267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), a subtype of interstitial lung disease (ILD), is often misdiagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), particularly when the causative antigen cannot be identified. Typically resulting from chronic exposure to inhaled organic particles smaller than 5 microns, HP presents a diagnostic challenge. This report outlines a case of fibrotic HP initially misclassified as asthma. No triggering antigen was identified despite extensive investigation. The disease progressed despite corticosteroid, immunosuppressive, and antifibrotic therapy, ultimately leading to an advanced fibrotic stage and requiring lung transplantation. This clinical course is rare and infrequently reported, particularly in cases requiring lung transplantation without an identifiable causative antigen. Such progression is uncommon and underreported, especially in patients initially misclassified as having asthma. <b>Methods</b>: Medical records of 24 patients diagnosed with HP were reviewed. Only one case demonstrated progression to fibrotic HP; this case was selected for detailed analysis. <b>Results</b>: Clinical and functional deterioration occurred despite standard therapy. Given the advanced stage of fibrosis and treatment resistance, lung transplantation was deemed the next appropriate therapeutic option. <b>Conclusions</b>: HP remains underdiagnosed due to difficulties in identifying the causative antigen and overlapping features with other ILDs. Early and accurate differentiation from IPF is essential, particularly in progressive fibrotic forms unresponsive to conventional therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulvar Hemangioma: A Review.","authors":"Wing-Yu Sharon Siu, Yen-Chang Chen, Dah-Ching Ding","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101270","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15101270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: To review the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, treatment strategies, and outcomes of vulvar hemangiomas, and to evaluate the consistency of management practices in the absence of standardized guidelines. <b>Eligibility criteria</b>: We included case reports, case series, and observational studies describing vulvar hemangiomas with clinical, histological, and management data in human subjects. Reviews, editorials, and studies unrelated to vulvar hemangiomas were excluded. <b>Information sources</b>: Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 20 February 2025, with additional citation tracking. <b>Results</b>: 85 studies were included. Data were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in the study design and outcome reporting. Most studies described symptomatic lesions presenting as swelling, bleeding, or pain, often misdiagnosed as Bartholin cysts or varicosities. Treatment varied widely, including observation, surgical excision, embolization, and medical therapies. No evidence-based guidelines were identified. <b>Conclusions</b>: Vulvar hemangiomas are rare and frequently misdiagnosed. While asymptomatic lesions may be observed, symptomatic cases require individualized treatment. This review highlights the need for diagnostic vigilance and the development of standardized management protocols. Further research is needed to optimize clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised Clustering of Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Ablation Identifies Relevant Phenotypes for Advanced Atrial Fibrillation.","authors":"Ilse Meijer, Marc M Terpstra, Oscar Camara, Henk A Marquering, Nerea Arrarte Terreros, Joris R de Groot","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101269","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15101269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The rate of recurrence after ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is considerable. Risk stratification for AF recurrence after ablation remains incompletely developed. Unsupervised clustering is a machine learning technique which might provide valuable insights in AF recurrence by identifying patient clusters using numerous clinical characteristics. We hypothesize that unsupervised clustering identifies patient clusters with different clinical phenotypes, including AF type and cardiovascular morbidities, and ablation outcomes. <b>Methods</b>: Baseline and procedural characteristics of 658 patients undergoing thoracoscopic ablation for advanced AF (persistent, with enlarged left atria, or with previous failed catheter ablation) between 2008 and 2021 were collected. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used as an unsupervised dimensionality reduction technique, followed by K-Means clustering for unsupervised data clustering. The silhouette score was used to determine the optimal number of clusters, resulting in the formation of three clusters. CHA₂DS₂-VASc score and AF recurrence were not included in the clustering, but were compared between clusters. Moreover, we compared the patients with and without previously established risk factors for AF recurrence for each cluster. <b>Results</b>: Unsupervised clustering resulted in three distinct clusters. Cluster I had a significantly lower rate of AF recurrence than Cluster II, which contained significantly more persistent AF patients than the other clusters. The CHA₂DS₂-VASc score in Cluster III was significantly higher than in the other clusters. In all clusters, but particularly in Cluster III, the recurrence risk was higher for persistent AF patients and female patients. In Cluster II, the recurrence risk was not influenced by an increased left atrial volume index, unlike other clusters. <b>Conclusions</b>: Using unsupervised clustering of clinical and procedural data, we identified three distinct advanced AF patient clusters with differences in AF type, CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, and AF recurrence. We found that established risk factors like BMI, AF type, and LAVI vary in importance across clusters.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Body Motion Synchrony in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using a Phase Difference Detection Algorithm: Toward a Novel Behavioral Biomarker.","authors":"Jinhwan Kwon, Hiromi Kotani","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101268","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15101268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Nonverbal synchrony-the temporal coordination of physical behaviors such as head movement and gesture-is a critical component of effective social communication. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often described as having impairments in such synchrony, but objective and scalable tools to measure these disruptions remain limited. This study aims to assess body motion synchrony in ASD using phase-based features as potential markers of social timing impairments. <b>Methods</b>: We applied a phase difference detection algorithm to high-resolution triaxial accelerometer data obtained during structured, unidirectional verbal communication. A total of 72 participants (36 typically developing TD-TD and 36 TD-ASD) were divided into dyads. ASD participants always assumed the listener role, enabling the isolation of receptive synchrony. Four distribution-based features-synchrony activity, directionality, variability, and coherence-were extracted from the phase difference data to assess synchrony dynamics. <b>Results</b>: Compared to the TD group, the ASD group exhibited significantly lower synchrony activity (ASD: 5.96 vs. TD: 9.63 times/min, <i>p</i> = 0.0008, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.23), greater temporal variability (ASD: 384.4 ms vs. TD: 311.1 ms, <i>p</i> = 0.0036, <i>d</i> = 1.04), and reduced coherence (ASD: 0.13 vs. TD: 0.81, <i>p</i> = 0.036, <i>d</i> = 0.73). Although the mean phase difference did not differ significantly between groups, the ASD group displayed weaker and more irregular synchrony patterns, indicating impaired temporal stability. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings highlight robust impairments in nonverbal head motion synchrony in ASD, not only in frequency but also in terms of temporal stability and convergence. The use of phase-based synchrony features provides a continuous, high-resolution, language-independent metric for social timing. These metrics offer substantial potential as behavioral biomarkers for diagnostic support and intervention monitoring in ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Assessment of Safe Zones for Orthodontic Mini-Implant Placement in the Lateral Maxilla: A Retrospective Morphometric Study.","authors":"Iva Jakovljevic, Pavle Milanovic, Milica Vasiljevic, Jovana Milanovic, Momir Z Stevanovic, Nemanja Jovicic, Milos Stepovic, Vladimir Ristic, Dragica Selakovic, Gvozden Rosic, Aleksandra Arnaut","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101252","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15101252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Orthodontic temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in the lateral maxillary region are useful tools for successful orthodontic treatment. Radiological anatomical knowledge is crucial for the successful placement of TADs. The use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is essential for evaluating the relationship between the ideal placement point (IPP) and dental structures, particularly in cases with anatomical limitations. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the anatomical conditions for orthodontic mini-implant (MI) insertion in the posterior maxilla using CBCT as the gold standard. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective study included 62 patients (37.1% male, 62.9% female) aged 11 to 50 years. CBCT scans (sagittal and axial cross-sections) were used to evaluate interdental bone characteristics in different regions. The evaluated regions were defined as follows: Region 1 (canine and first premolar), Region 2 (first and second premolars), Region 3 (second premolar and first molar), and Region 4 (first and second molars). All parameters were assessed at three predefined levels: A, B, and C, located 4, 3, and 2 mm, respectively, from the alveolar crest. At the aforementioned levels, we performed measurements, such as the interdental width (IDW) in the mesiodistal direction and buccopalatal depth (BPD). The last observation was the relationship between the ideal TAD placement point (IPP) and dental structures, such as contact points (CPs) and cusp tips (C1-cusp of mesial tooth, C2-cusp of distal tooth, in each region). <b>Results:</b> A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the IDW and BPD at Levels A, B, and C in Region 1, while a negative correlation was observed between the IDW and BPD at Level C in Region 2'. The highest percentages of IDW exceeding 3 mm were found in Region 4 at Level A (67.7%), followed by Region 1' and 2', both at Level A. The mean interdental width measured at each level on the right and left sides was highest at Level A, exceeding 3 mm, and the width decreased with each successive level. The mean BPD measured at each level on the right and left sides was also highest at Level A. <b>Conclusions:</b> This methodological approach could assist in ensuring precise and efficient implant insertion. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the safe zone for buccal and interdental mini-implant placement is located 4 mm from the alveolar crest at Level A. Also, the CBCT analysis algorithm may serve as a valuable tool for clinicians in determining optimal TAD placement in different dental regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidental Calcifications of Carotid and Vertebral Arteries: Frequency and Associations in Pediatric Population.","authors":"Turkhun Cetin, Gokce Cinar, Berna Ucan, Fulya Memis, Baris Irgul, Sonay Aydin","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101263","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15101263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Calcifications in the carotid and vertebral arteries may be present on cranial and temporal bone CT imaging of pediatric patients. Few studies have investigated the frequency, location, and patterns of carotid artery calcifications in this age group. However, these studies are outdated and do not include data on the vertebral artery. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, location, and pattern of incidental carotid and vertebral artery calcifications on cranial CT and temporal bone CT images in children under 15 years of age. We also aimed to investigate possible associations between these calcifications and various diseases. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 300 CT images of the cranial and temporal bone of 300 pediatric patients were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of calcification in the carotid and vertebral arteries. The evaluation included determining the presence of calcification in the artery, the pattern of calcification, the degree of calcification, and its anatomical location. <b>Results:</b> In the current study, 300 CT images were analyzed, and calcifications were found in the vertebral artery in 17 patients (5.6%) and the carotid artery in 82 patients (27.3%). The supraclinoid segment and the carotid siphon regions are the most common locations of carotid artery calcifications, with 62 patients (20.7%). The V4 segment is also the most common location for vertebral artery calcifications, with 15 patients (5%). Focal punctate calcification is the most common pattern (65 patients, 21.7%). Incidental carotid and vertebral artery calcifications did not correlate with other diseases. <b>Conclusions:</b> Carotid and vertebral artery calcifications are common incidental findings in pediatric patients. In our study, no association was found between other diseases and incidental carotid and vertebral artery calcifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater Omentum Abscess Revealing an Upper Genital Infection.","authors":"Romain L'Huillier, Alexandra Braillon","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101261","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15101261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this clinical case, we report an upper genital infection revealed on Computed Tomography by a greater omentum abscess. The infection was confirmed by endocervical swabs and ultrasound-guided sampling of the epiploic abscess, which found the same bacteria (<i>Parvimonas micra</i>). Omental absecesses are most often secondary to spontaneous or post-operative infarction of the greater omentum, and this observation provides a new cause for epiploic abscesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Identification of Tc-99m-Sestamibi-Positive Autonomous Thyroid Adenoma and Adjacent F-18-Ethylcholine-Positive Parathyroid Adenoma in Patient with Graves' Disease Using Real-Time Ultrasound Fusion Imaging.","authors":"Theresa Leder, Philipp Seifert, Falk Gühne, Martin Freesmeyer","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101262","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15101262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 49-year-old female presented for nuclear medicine diagnostics of a sonographically suspected parathyroid adenoma dorsal to the cranial pole of the right thyroid lobe. The patient received Tc-99m-pertechnetate and Tc-99m-sestamibi (including SPECT/CT) scans, revealing no sestamibi uptake by the suspected parathyroid adenoma but a ventrally adjacent autonomous thyroid adenoma. Additional F-18-ethylcholine-PET/CT as well as subsequent Tc-99m-sestamibi-SPECT/US and F-18-ethylcholine-PET/US fusion imaging confirmed the suspected diagnosis of simultaneous autonomous thyroid adenoma and parathyroid adenoma. A blood analysis showed additional Graves' disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian Integration of Bronchoalveolar Lavage miRNAs and KL-6 in Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis Diagnosis.","authors":"Piera Soccio, Valerio Longo, Corrado Mencar, Pasquale Tondo, Fabiola Murgolo, Giulia Scioscia, Donato Lacedonia","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101257","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15101257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) represents one of the most severe and complex challenges in respiratory medicine, characterized by a rapid decline in lung function and often poor prognosis, making it a priority in research on interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). The aim of this study is to correlate classical clinical features and three genetic biomarkers with the diagnosis and prognosis of progressive pulmonary fibrosis in ILDs. <b>Methods</b>: This study involved 19 patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) and 20 patients with non-progressive pulmonary fibrosis (nPPF) from the S.C. of Respiratory System Diseases at the Policlinico of Foggia (Italy) between 2015 and 2022. All participants underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs), a 6 min walk test (6MWT), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sampling, following the acquisition of written consent for these procedures. Bayesian analysis with generalized linear models has been applied for both diagnostic and prognostic classification. <b>Results</b>: The proposed Bayesian model enables the estimation of the contribution of each considered feature, and the quantification of the uncertainty that is consequential to the small size of the dataset. The analysis of miRNAs such as miR-21 and miR-92a, alongside the protein biomarker KL-6, was identified as a significant indicator for PPF diagnosis, enhancing both the sensitivity and specificity of predictions. <b>Conclusions</b>: The identification of specific genetic markers such as microRNAs and their integration with traditional clinical characteristics can significantly enhance the management of patients with the disease. This multidimensional approach, which integrates clinical data with omics data, could enable more precise identification and monitoring of the disease and potentially optimize future treatments through larger studies and extended follow-ups.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}