Diagnostics最新文献

{"title":"Cosmic Signs in Radiology: A Pictorial Review.","authors":"Yara Jabbour, Raquelle El Alam, Sara Amro, Mutaz Kassas, Youssef Ghosn, Reve Chahine, Mihran Khdhir, Lara Nassar","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192528","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pattern recognition remains a cornerstone of radiologic interpretation, as it facilitates a confident and comprehensive differential diagnosis. Certain pathologies present with specific and highly recognizable patterns on imaging modalities. These patterns can resemble familiar real-life phenomena, including cosmic bodies that surround us. We present in this article a compilation of radiologic signs across various modalities that take inspiration from cosmic phenomena. For each sign, we summarize its defining imaging appearance, typical clinical context, and common pitfalls; where available, we note diagnostic performance (e.g., sensitivity/specificity) to guide appropriate weighting in practice. By coupling memorable imagery with succinct clinical guidance, this pictorial review aims to support a faster, more accurate pattern recognition that is applicable in both low-resource and tertiary care settings, while recognizing that these signs function as educational aids rather than validated diagnostic tests. In familiarizing themselves with these classic signs, training radiologists can benefit from an engaging and memorable way of recognizing various pathological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic Repair of Tracheoesophageal Fistula with Vascular Embolization Plug.","authors":"Predrag Sabljak, Ognjan Skrobic, Milica Mitrovic-Jovanovic, Ivan Vukasinovic, Aleksandra Djuric-Stefanovic, Anja Zugic, Dario Potkonjak, Marija Đorđevic, Keramatollah Ebrahimi","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192529","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aerodigestive fistulas represent a major challenge in clinical practice. This problem is burdened with severe morbidity and mortality, despite recent advantages in endoscopic endoluminal repair techniques. Special problems are fistulas localized higher, engaging the proximal esophagus and trachea, which in adults most often result from post-intubation injury. Surgery is generally demanding and reserved for the patients in whom other, less invasive options fail. Hereby, we present a case of post-intubation tracheoesophageal fistula, successfully treated with endoscopic vascular plug placement.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Prevalence and Characteristics of the Retromolar Canal Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in a Turkish Sample.","authors":"Fatoş Can, Fahrettin Kalabalık, Emre Aytuğar","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192526","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of the retromolar canal (RMC) and retromolar foramen (RMF) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to evaluate the course and anatomical structure of the RMC. <b>Methods:</b> The study group consisted of CBCT images of 1008 subjects (541 females and 467 males). The prevalence and types of the RMC, as well as the frequency of the RMF, were analyzed according to age and sex. A significance level of 0.05 was accepted for all statistical analyses. <b>Results:</b> According to the findings, 575 (57.0%) RMCs and 298 (29.5%) RMFs were identified in 1008 subjects. Bilateral RMCs were observed in 327 subjects (32.4%), while unilateral RMCs were present in 248 subjects (24.6%). When 2016 retromolar regions were examined, a total of 902 RMCs and 400 RMFs were identified. No statistically significant difference was observed between the right and left retromolar regions or between sexes regarding the overall prevalence of RMCs (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The most frequently observed RMC type was Type A1, and a statistically significant difference was found between RMC types and sex. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study suggested that the RMC is a common anatomical variation that may have surgical relevance. Due to the presence of a neurovascular bundle passing through it, both the RMC and RMF should be considered in surgical and anesthetic procedures involving the retromolar region. CBCT is a reliable tool for detecting these structures and assessing their morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145298817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LVEF 53% as a Novel Mortality Predictor in Pediatric Heart Failure: A Multicenter Biomarker-Stratified Analysis.","authors":"Muhammad Junaid Akram, Jiajin Li, Asad Nawaz, Xu Qian, Haixin Huang, Jinpeng Zhang, Zahoor Elahi, Lingjuan Liu, Bo Pan, Yuxing Yuan, Tian Jie","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192530","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Pediatric heart failure (PHF) remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality, yet standardized diagnostic and prognostic frameworks-particularly those leveraging left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)-are not well-established. This study evaluates clinical profiles, therapeutic interventions, and mortality outcomes across LVEF thresholds while identifying an optimal cutoff to refine risk stratification in PHF. <b>Methods</b>: This multicenter retrospective cohort study analyzed 1449 PHF patients (aged 1-18 years) across 30 tertiary centers (2013-2022). LVEF stratification employed conventional thresholds (50%, 55%) and an ROC-optimized cutoff (53%, derived via Youden index maximization). The primary outcome was in-hospital all-cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for clinical covariates, evaluated mortality predictors. The discriminative performance of LVEF thresholds was compared using area under the curve (AUC) analysis. <b>Results</b>: Distinct clinical profiles, etiologies, and treatments were observed across LVEF strata (50% vs. 55%; <i>p</i> < 0.05). A data-driven optimized LVEF threshold of 53% was identified for mortality prediction, demonstrating superior diagnostic accuracy with enhanced sensitivity and specificity across age groups. Multivariate analysis revealed LVEF ≥ 55% as protective (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68-0.96, <i>p</i> = 0.003), while ≥50% was non-significant (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.74-1.12, <i>p</i> = 0.06). Elevated BNP (OR = 2.78, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and NT-proBNP (OR = 2.34, <i>p</i> < 0.001) strongly correlated with mortality risk. Age and sex showed no significant association with outcomes. <b>Conclusion</b>: In conclusion, an LVEF of 53% emerged as the optimal pediatric threshold for mortality prediction, outperforming conventional cutoffs of 50% and 55%. The integration of LVEF with biomarkers (BNP/NT-proBNP) provides a robust prognostic framework, underscoring the necessity for pediatric-specific LVEF criteria and multidimensional risk assessment in PHF management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12524215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145298878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound Risk Stratification of Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules: Cine Loop Video Sequences Versus Static Image Captures.","authors":"Larissa Rosenbaum, Martin Freesmeyer, Tabea Nikola Schmidt, Christian Kühnel, Falk Gühne, Philipp Seifert","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192525","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) are most frequently diagnosed as benign. However, they show high ratings in ultrasound (US) risk stratification systems (RSSs) that utilize the current clinical standard methodology of conventional static image capture (SIC) documentation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the RSS ratings and respective fine needle cytology (FNC) recommendations of cine loop (CL) video sequences in comparison to SIC. <b>Methods</b>: 407 patients with 424 AFTNs were enrolled in this unicentric, retrospective study between 11/2015 and 11/2023. Recorded US CL and SIC were analyzed lesion-wise and compared regarding US features, Kwak and ACR TIRADS, ACR FNC recommendations, as well as assessment difficulties and artifacts. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Chi² test and Spearman's correlation coefficient in SPSS software. <i>p</i>-values < 0.05 were considered significant. <b>Results</b>: Strong to very strong correlations were observed for all US features, RSS ratings, and ACR FNC recommendations (Spearman's correlation: each <i>p</i> < 0.001), comparing CL and SIC. For >60% of the AFTNs, ACR FNC recommendation was given. Kwak TIRADS were more consistent with the benign nature of AFTNs than the ACR ratings. CL captured significantly more \"echogenic foci\" than SIC (Chi²: <i>p</i> < 0.001). Artifacts (poor image quality, acoustic shadowing, sagittal incompletely displayed AFTN) were significantly more common on CL, affecting ~40% of AFTNs, compared to ~15% on SIC (Chi²: each <i>p</i> < 0.05). Weak correlation was observed for assessment confidence between CL and SIC, with SIC outperforming CL (Spearman's correlation: each <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: A strong correlation was identified between CL and SIC in terms of RSS ratings and ACR FNC recommendations. Kwak is a superior representative of the benign character of AFTNs than ACR. However, CL provided more detailed information while being associated with decreased observer confidence and more artifacts. Specific operator training and technical improvements, including AI implementation, could improve image quality in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12524186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Versus Restrictive Kinematic Alignment in Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Alexey V Lychagin, Andrey A Gritsyuk, Mikhail P Elizarov, Andrey A Gritsuk, Maxim Y Gavlovsky, Konstantin K Tomboidi, Eugene B Kalinsky, Nahum Rosenberg","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192524","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Lower limb malalignment is a hallmark of knee osteoarthritis, with surgical correction techniques evolving from traditional mechanical alignment (MA) to kinematic alignment (KA) approaches. Restrictive kinematic alignment (rKA) represents a hybrid strategy combining principles from both techniques. This study evaluated short-term functional outcomes following robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RoTKA), comparing MA versus rKA alignment strategies. <b>Methods</b>: This prospective, randomized, single-center study enrolled 96 patients with grade 3-4 idiopathic knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence classification). Patients were randomized to MA (<i>n</i> = 49, mean age 67 ± 9 years) or rKA (<i>n</i> = 47, mean age 66 ± 7 years) groups. Preoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angles were 172.6° ± 1.1° and 172.9° ± 0.9° for MA and rKA groups, respectively. Outcomes were assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS) (primary outcome), SF-36, and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12). <b>Results</b>: Postoperative HKA angles were 179.5° ± 1.2° (MA) and 176.0° ± 1.5° (rKA). At 14 days postoperatively, knee ROM increased by 20.5% in the MA group and 25.7% in the rKA group, with a statistically significant 5.2% intergroup difference, indicating faster postoperative recovery (<i>p</i> = 0.008). VAS pain scores decreased by 7% in the rKA group while increasing by 13% in the MA group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). At one-year follow-up, FJS-12 scores were significantly higher in the rKA group (94.8 ± 3.2 vs. 91.9 ± 2.2, <i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in KSS, OKS, or SF-36 score between groups. <b>Conclusions</b>: Restrictive kinematic alignment demonstrated superior early postoperative outcomes compared to mechanical alignment in RoTKA, with significantly reduced pain and improved ROM. While one-year functional outcomes were comparable between techniques, rKA may offer advantages in the immediate postoperative period, supporting its consideration as a viable alignment strategy in robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Right Ventricular Myocardial Metabolism and Cardiorespiratory Testing in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.","authors":"Natalia Goncharova, Aelita Berezina, Daria Ryzhkova, Irina Zlobina, Kirill Lapshin, Anton Ryzhkov, Aryana Malanova, Elizaveta Korobchenko-Andreeva, Olga Moiseeva","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192523","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Non-invasive diagnostic tools for the assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are currently being intensively studied. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) and [13N]-ammonia is the gold standard for assessing myocardial metabolism and perfusion. The relationship between right ventricle (RV) myocardial metabolism and perfusion and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has not been studied. <b>Objective:</b> to evaluate correlations between the CPET parameters and RV perfusion and metabolism in IPAH patients. <b>Methods:</b> The study comprised 34 IPAH patients (34.2 ± 8.9 years, 4 males, 6 prevalent). Myocardial metabolism and perfusion were assessed using PET/CT with [18F]-FDG and [13N]-ammonia, respectively. CPET, cardiac MRI and invasive hemodynamics were also evaluated. <b>Results:</b> Significant negative correlations were registered between [18F]-FDG and [13N]-ammonia uptake by the RV (SUVmax _RV/LV) and the oxygen consumption, oxygen pulse and positive correlation with the ratio of minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production. The low-risk IPAH patients significantly differed from the intermediate-to-high-risk group in CPET indices and in SUVmax _RV/LV metabolism and SUVmax _RV/LV perfusion parameters. No reliable differences in CPET indices and [18F]-FDG and [13N]-ammonia uptake by the RV were registered between intermediate- and high-risk patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> CPET is a reliable non-invasive diagnostic tool that could distinguish low-risk young IPAH patients without comorbidities from those at intermediate-to-high risk. Significant correlations between CPET parameters and RV myocardial metabolism and perfusion indices, MRI, and invasive hemodynamics confirm the high diagnostic value for CPET.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12524233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Safety of Primary Ureteroscopy with Single-Use Flexible Ureteroscope HU30M (6.3 Fr, HugeMed): An Initial Experience.","authors":"Benedikt Ebner, Iulia Blajan, Johannes Raphael Westphal, Iason Papadopoulos, Troya Ivanova, Deniz Karatas, Moritz Happe, Yannic Volz, Christian G Stief, Maria Apfelbeck, Michael Chaloupka","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192522","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The miniaturization of ureterorenoscopes increasingly enables atraumatic primary ureteroscopy, without ureteral dilation or presenting. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of primary ureteroscopy using the HU30M (6.3 Fr, HugeMed, Shenzhen HugeMed Medical Technical Development Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China), the smallest currently available ureteroscope. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed consecutive patients in whom primary ureteroscopy using the HU30M was performed or attempted, using prospectively collected in-hospital and 30-day follow-up data for retrospective evaluation. The primary outcome was the success rate of primary ostial intubation. Secondary outcomes included the stone-free rate (SFR) in patients with urolithiasis, incidence of in-hospital complications (Clavien-Dindo classification) and 30-day emergency readmission. Additionally, we conducted a propensity score-matched comparative analysis of the HU30M versus a contemporary 7.5 Fr digital single-use ureteroscope (PUSEN PU3033AH, Zhuhai Pusen Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua, China). <b>Results:</b> Between January and April 2025, primary ureteroscopy using the HU30M was performed or attempted in 34 patients, including four bilateral procedures. Primary ureteroscopy was defined as ureteroscopic access without prior stenting or dilation. Indications were diagnostic evaluation in 15 patients (44%), uretreroscopic stone treatment in 10 patients (29%) and endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) in 9 patients (27%). Successful primary ostial intubation was achieved in 36 of 38 renal units (95%). Among urolithiasis cases, SFR was 17/19 (90%) in-hospital complications were limited to postoperative fever in two patients (6%) and no procedure-related 30-day emergency readmission occurred. In matched analyses, HU30M demonstrated significantly shorter operative times compared with the 7.5 Fr ureteroscope, while postoperative hemoglobin drop, inflammatory parameters and renal function were comparable. <b>Conclusions:</b> Primary ureteroscopy with HU30M is feasible and safe across diverse indications, achieving high success of atraumatic ostial access. Comparative analyses suggest procedural efficiency advantages and overall safety comparable to the current digital single-use ureteroscope standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12524151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of AI in Cephalometric Landmark Detection: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"David Emilio Fracchia, Denis Bignotti, Stefano Lai, Stefano Cubeddu, Fabio Curreli, Massimiliano Lombardo, Alessio Verdecchia, Enrico Spinas","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192521","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of artificial intelligence (AI) in identifying cephalometric landmarks, comparing its performance with manual tracing by an experienced orthodontist. <b>Methods</b>: A high-quality lateral cephalogram of a 26-year-old female patient, meeting strict inclusion criteria, was selected. Eighteen cephalometric landmarks were identified using the WebCeph software (version 1500) in three experimental settings: AI tracing without image modification (AInocut), AI tracing with image modification (AI-cut), and manual tracing by an orthodontic expert. Each evaluator repeated the procedure 10 times on the same image. X and Y coordinates were recorded, and reproducibility was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and centroid distance analysis. Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests, with significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b>Results</b>: AInocut achieved the highest reproducibility, showing the lowest mean CV values. Both AI methods demonstrated greater consistency than manual tracing, particularly for landmarks such as Menton (Me) and Pogonion (Pog). Gonion (Go) showed the highest variability across all groups. Significant differences were found for the Posterior Nasal Spine (PNS) point (<i>p</i> = 0.001), where AI outperformed manual tracing. Variability was generally higher along the X-axis than the Y-axis. <b>Conclusions</b>: AI demonstrated superior reproducibility in cephalometric landmark identification compared to manual tracing by an experienced operator. While certain points showed high consistency, others-particularly PNS and Go-remained challenging. These findings support AI as a reliable adjunct in digital cephalometry, although the use of a single radiograph limits generalizability. Broader, multi-image studies are needed to confirm clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for \"Diagnosis, Classification, and Monitoring of Pulmonary Diseases\".","authors":"Paola Confalonieri, Francesco Salton, Barbara Ruaro","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192520","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Special Issue offers a comprehensive overview of recent advances and innovative approaches in the field of lung disease research, emphasizing the importance of technological and conceptual innovations that are shaping our understanding of respiratory conditions [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145298928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}