Current Pediatric Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in an Infant with COVID-19: A Case Report with Literature Review.","authors":"Raffaele Falsaperla, Marco Simone Vaccalluzzo, Ausilia Desiree Collotta, Martino Ruggieri, Salvatore Agati","doi":"10.2174/1573396320666230417103203","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396320666230417103203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 infection tends to be lethal to the elderly population. However, sometimes children are also involved.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present the case of a female infant with a corrected gestational age of 39 weeks and 4 days with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and co-infection of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> that was supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reported the clinical case and reviewed the literature articles on ECMO and Covid-19 in infants and children up to two years of age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is crucial to be aware of certain risk factors (severe prematurity, coinfection), which, when linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, must immediately alert us to the possible criticality of the clinical condition of patients, as highlighted by our own clinical case.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of ToRCH Pathogens among Children Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India for Cataract Surgery and Cochlear Transplantation.","authors":"Abhilipsa Patra, Sucheta Parija, Pradipta K Parida, Sanjay Kumar Behera, Amit Ghosh","doi":"10.2174/1573396319666230210094333","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396319666230210094333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The study aims to investigate the presence of TORCH infections in a child with bilateral cataracts and deafness and report the ToRCH-serology screening profile (Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), rubella (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV-I/II)) in pediatric cataract and deafness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cases that had a clear clinical history of congenital cataracts and congenital deafness were included in the study. The study population consisted of 18 bilateral cataracts and 12 bilateral deafness child who was admitted to AIIMS Bhubaneswar for cataract surgery and cochlear implantation, respectively. Sera of all children were tested qualitatively and quantitatively for IgG/IgM-antibodies against ToRCH agents in a sequential manner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-IgG antibodies against the torch panel were detected in all cataract and deafness patients. Anti-CMV IgG was detected in 17 of 18 bilateral cataract children and 11 of 12 bilateral deaf children. The rates of anti-CMV IgG antibody positivity were significantly higher. In the cataract group, 94.44% and in the deafness group, 91.66% of the patient was Anti-CMV IgG positive. Besides this, 77.7 % of the patient from the cataract group and 75% from the deafness group was anti- RV IgG antibody positive. In bilateral cataract patients, IgG-alone seropositive cases were mostly attributed to CMV (94.44%; 17/18), followed by RV (77.70%; 14/18), HSV-I (27.70%; 5/18), TOX (27.70%; 5/18), and HSV-II (16.60%; 3/18). In bilateral deafness patients, the spectrum of IgG alone seropositive cases was almost the same except for TOX (0/12).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study recommends interpreting ToRCH-screening in pediatric cataracts and deafness with caution. Interpretation should include both serial qualitative and quantitative assays in tandem with clinical correlation to minimize diagnostic errors. The sero-clinical-positivity needs to be tested in older children who might pose a threat to the spread of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10747785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palliative Home Visit Intervention and Emergency Admission in Pediatric Cancer Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Murti Andriastuti, Pricilia Gunawan Halim, Tati Mulyati, Meidiana Bangun, Dwi Putro Widodo","doi":"10.2174/1573396318666220928112910","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396318666220928112910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palliative care model can be carried out at home, in the community, or in long-term home care. Home visits in palliative care have an important role in providing continuity of care and psychosocial support to both the patient and their parents/caretakers. This study is aimed to determine the impact of home visit program to the frequency of emergency room (ER) admissions in children with cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trial of 60 pediatric patients with malignancies who were given palliative care (a 3-months home visit) and those who were not was conducted. Patients were children with cancer aged 2-18 years old. Emergency room admissions from the last three months were recorded before patients were enrolled. A two-way communication between a trained health worker and patients with or without their parents were conducted as the intervention. Interventions were given in six sessions (1 session every 2 weeks). During study period, ER admissions were recorded further. Data was analyzed using bivariate analysis, OR calculations were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the intervention group, 11 children (36.7%) had fewer ER admissions, while 4 (13.3%) had more and 15 children (50%) had constant ER admissions, respectively. Meanwhile, only 2 children (7.7%) were found to have fewer ER admissions in the control group. Others in this group have varying results, 11 children (42.3%) were found to have more admissions to the ER and 13 children (50%) had constant ER admissions. In the intervention group, ER admissions were reduced by 10 visits, while in the control group, the admissions were increased by 16 visits (OR 4.77, 95% CI 1.29-17.65; p = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Palliative home visit provides care matched to patient and family needs, trained parents to be skillful in managing child, and enabling avoidance of unnecessary hospitalizations (4.7 times).</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40382224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multidisciplinary and a Comprehensive Approach to Reducing Fragility Fractures in Preterm Infants.","authors":"Saif Al Saif, Mohammad Maghoula, Amir Babiker, Mashael Abanmi, Fiona Nichol, Modhi Al Enazi, Elenor Guevarra, Faisal Sehlie, Hesham Al Shaalan, Zulf Mughal","doi":"10.2174/1573396319666221221122013","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396319666221221122013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With advances in neonatal care, bone fractures prior to discharge from the hospital in preterm infants receiving contemporary neonatal care, are rare. Nevertheless, such fractures do occur in very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants who go on to develop metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP), with or without secondary hyperparathyroidism. MBDP is a multifactorial disorder arising from the disruption of bone mass accrual due to premature birth, postnatal immobilisation, and loss of placental oestrogen resulting in bone loss, inadequate provision of bone minerals from enteral and parenteral nutrition, and medications that leach out bone minerals from the skeleton. All of these factors lead to skeletal demineralisation and a decrease in bone strength and an increased risk of fractures of the long bones and ribs. Secondary hyperparathyroidism resulting from phosphate supplements, or enteral/parenteral feeds with a calcium-tophosphate ratio of < 1.3:1.0 leads to subperiosteal bone resorption, cortical thinning, and further skeletal weakening. Such fractures may occur from routine handling and procedures such as cannulation. Most fractures are asymptomatic and often come to light incidentally on radiographs performed for other indications. In 2015, we instituted a comprehensive and multidisciplinary Neonatal Bone Health Programme (NBHP), the purpose of which was to reduce fragility fractures in highrisk neonates, by optimising enteral and parenteral nutrition, including maintaining calcium-tophosphate ratio ≥1.3:1, milligram to milligram, biochemical monitoring of MBDP, safe-handling of at-risk neonates, without compromising passive physiotherapy and skin-to-skin contact with parents. The at-risk infants in the programme had radiographs of the torso and limbs at 4 weeks and after 8 weeks from enrolment into the program or before discharge. Following the introduction of the NBHP, the bone fracture incidence reduced from 12.5% to zero over an 18-month period.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10781160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and New Therapeutic Approaches to Two Challenging Pediatric Metabolic Bone Disorders: Hypophosphatasia and X-linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets.","authors":"Fahad Aljuraibah, Ibrahim Alalwan, Abdelhadi Habeb","doi":"10.2174/0115733963206838231031102750","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963206838231031102750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diagnosis and management of metabolic bone disease among children can be challenging. This difficulty could be due to many factors, including limited awareness of these rare conditions, the complex pathophysiology of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, the overlapping phenotype with more common disorders (such as rickets), and the lack of specific treatments for these rare disorders. As a result, affected individuals could experience delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis, leading to improper management. In this review, we describe the challenges facing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to two metabolic bone disorders (MBD) among children: hypophosphatasia (HPP) and X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). We focus on explaining the pathophysiological processes that conceptually underpin novel therapeutic approaches, as well as these conditions' clinical or radiological similarity to nutritional rickets. Particularly in areas with limited sun exposure and among patients not supplementing vitamin D, nutritional rickets are still more common than HPP and XLH, and pediatricians and primary physicians frequently encounter this disorder in their practices. More recently, our understanding of these disorders has significantly improved, leading to the development of novel therapies. Asfotas alfa, a recombinant, human- tissue, nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, improved the survival of patients with HPP. Burosumab, a human monoclonal anti-FGF23 antibody, was recently approved as a specific therapy for XLH. We also highlight the current evidence on these two specific therapies' safety and effectiveness, though long-term data are still needed. Both HPP and XLH are multisystemic disorders that should be managed by multidisciplinary teams. Finally, recognizing these conditions in early stages will enable affected children and young adults to benefit from newly introduced, specific therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71479297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipidomics and Metabolomics in Infant Atopic Dermatitis: What's the Correlation with Early Nutrition?","authors":"Angelica Dessì, Camilla Di Maria, Roberta Pintus, Vassilios Fanos, Alice Bosco","doi":"10.2174/1573396320666230411093122","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396320666230411093122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, the complex picture of atopic dermatitis (AD) has not yet been fully clarified, despite the important prevalence of this disease in the pediatric population (20%) and the possibility of persistence into adulthood, with important implications for the quality of life of those affected, as well as significant social and financial costs. The most recent scientific evidence suggests a new interpretation of AD, highlighting the important role of the environment, particularly that of nutrition in the early stages of development. In fact, the new indications seem to point out the harmful effect of elimination diets, except in rare cases, the uselessness of chrono-insertions during complementary feeding and some benefits, albeit weak, of breastfeeding in those at greater risk. In this context, metabolomics and lipidomics can be necessary for a more in-depth knowledge of the complex metabolic network underlying this pathology. In fact, an alteration of the metabolic contents in children with AD has been highlighted, especially in correlation to the intestinal microbiota. While preliminary lipidomic studies showed the usefulness of a more in-depth knowledge of the alterations of the skin barrier to improve the development of baby skin care products. Therefore, investigating the response of different allergic phenotypes could be useful for better patient management and understanding, thus providing an early intervention on dysbiosis necessary to regulate the immune response from the earliest stages of development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9662933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Drugs for the Treatment of Uncontrolled Severe Asthma in Children.","authors":"Cristiana Indolfi, Angela Klain, Chiara Lucia Bencivenga, Elisabetta D'Addio, Giulio Dinardo, Alberto Decimo, Michele Miraglia Del Giudice","doi":"10.2174/1573396320666230912103115","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396320666230912103115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of biological drugs for the treatment of severe allergic asthma in children, almost twenty years ago, had a substantial impact on both the pathology's clinical course and the quality of life of the patients who receive treatment. Over the years, several molecules have been developed that inhibit molecular targets involved in the pathogenesis of the asthmatic disease. Biological drugs demonstrate a significant improvement in several key clinical parameters in patients with severe asthma. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the evidence on biological therapy for children and adolescents with severe asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10215336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hereditary Rickets: A Quick Guide for the Pediatrician.","authors":"Abdulmajeed AlSubaihin, Jennifer Harrington","doi":"10.2174/1573396319666221205123402","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396319666221205123402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increased discovery of genes implicated in vitamin D metabolism and the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, a growing number of genetic forms of rickets are now recognized. These are categorized into calciopenic and phosphopenic rickets. Calciopenic forms of hereditary rickets are caused by genetic mutations that alter the enzymatic activity in the vitamin D activation pathway or impair the vitamin D receptor action. Hereditary forms of phosphopenic rickets, on the other hand, are caused by genetic mutations that lead to increased expression of FGF23 hormone or that impair the absorptive capacity of phosphate at the proximal renal tubule. Due to the clinical overlap between acquired and genetic forms of rickets, identifying children with hereditary rickets can be challenging. A clear understanding of the molecular basis of hereditary forms of rickets and their associated biochemical patterns allow the health care provider to assign the correct diagnosis, avoid non-effective interventions and shorten the duration of the diagnostic journey in these children. In this mini-review, known forms of hereditary rickets listed on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database are discussed. Further, a clinical approach to identify and diagnose children with hereditary forms of rickets is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35211653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactive Arthritis in Children: Case Report, Narrative Review and Proposed Therapy.","authors":"Milad Alshaya, Nouf Almutairi, Abdulrahman Alrasheed, Ihtifal Albanaqi, Ronald M Laxer, Abdullah Alhammad","doi":"10.2174/1573396320666230913103007","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396320666230913103007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reactive arthritis is an acute inflammatory aseptic arthritis that is preceded by an infectious process in genetically predisposed individuals. It has been associated with gastrointestinal or genitourinary infection. Reactive arthritis is rare in children. In this review, we present two index cases that need biologic treatment followed by a thorough review of reactive arthritis in children and adolescents with proposed treatment algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10215342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are we Compressing and Ventilating Effectively during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation?","authors":"Kam Lun Hon, Siu-To Cheung, Yok Weng Tan, Karen Ka Yan Leung, Alice Ho, Hin Bill Chan, Suyun Qian","doi":"10.2174/1573396320666230607115318","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573396320666230607115318","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}