Current Pediatric Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Parvovirus B19 Intrauterine Infection and Cerebral Cortical Dysplasia: A Case Report.","authors":"Salvatore Aversa, Guglielmo Riccio, Brunetta Guaragni, Lorenzo Pinelli, Francesco Maria Risso","doi":"10.2174/0115733963349333250407065521","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963349333250407065521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection usually causes fetal anemia, hydrops, and stillbirth. Less commonly, central nervous system injuries have also been described.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report an atypical case of severe brain injury with diffuse malformation of cortical development and severely immature gyration in a preterm infant with profound fetal anemia and hydrops due to congenital parvovirus B19 infection. The fetus was treated with multiple intrauterine transfusions. Postnatal magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed extensive encephalomalacia with severe volume loss of both hemispheres, associated with a deranged, markedly immature gyration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case provides the first description of severe delay in brain maturation in intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection and represents evidence of a possible teratogenic effect of parvovirus B19 on the brain tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How not to Misdiagnose the Mild Forms of Mucopolysaccharidosis and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.","authors":"Natalia V Buchinskaya, Nato D Vashakmadze, Natalia V Zhurkova, Lubov S Sorokina, Anastasia O Vechkasova, Liudmila K Mikhaylova, Leyla S Namazova-Baranova, Ekaterina Yu Zakharova, Valentina I Larionova, Dmitry O Ivanov, Mikhail M Kostik","doi":"10.2174/0115733963321478250316112649","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963321478250316112649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The similarity between mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) patients and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) leads to ineffective and needless anti-rheumatic treatment and delayed initiation of enzyme-replacement therapy, the early start of which is crucial for diminishing the disease progression and yielding better outcomes.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of joint involvement in the attenuated forms of MPS leads to the JIA misdiagnosis, especially in patients without distinctive facial dysmorphic features.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our study aimed to compare mild forms of MPS and JIA and create a diagnostic score helping to differentiate both conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>41 patients with mild forms of different types of MPS and 255 JIA patients with polyarthritis were included in the retrospective study. The routine clinical and laboratory features were used for the comparison analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main features of the MPS cohort were younger age at the disease onset, lower weight and height lower inflammation, and higher number of affected joints compared to JIA patients and involvement in the organs and system, specific for MPS. The majority of the patients had similar C-reactive protein levels. At least two extra-articular features with polyarticular involvement were the main discriminating factors for both conditions. The sum (>38) of the following criteria:ESR< 12 mm/h (38 points), growth delay (height ≤ -2.0 SD; 20 points), age of joint involvement < 1.0 years (24 points), male sex (15 points), and involvement of both elbows with limited range of motion (29 points) can help in the differentiation If a patient had no extra-articular features, typical for MPS. The specificity and sensitivity of this model are 91.0% and 92.7% respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This diagnostic algorithm might increase the suspicion of MPS and should be added to routine testing not miss the mild form of MPS inside JIA. Early diagnosis of mild cases allows for the initiation of treatment in patients with MPS at an earlier stage, which can significantly improve their daily functioning and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"133-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Oncology Patients With Non-neutropenic Fever: A Scoping Review of the Literature.","authors":"Annabelle Wagner, Yeliz Akarsu, Marc Remke, Dominik Schoendorf, Johannes Huebner, Thomas Lehrnbecher, Markus Hufnagel, Konrad Bochennek, Arne Simon","doi":"10.2174/0115733963322621250113083851","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963322621250113083851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are established guidelines for pediatric oncology patients with neutropenic fever. However, half of pediatric oncology patients present with non-neutropenic fever. For this group, no established guidelines exist.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this scoping review, we have explored the outcomes of non-neutropenic fever in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with cancer-directed treatment. The results of this scoping review should assist in the creation of a guideline for the management of non-neutropenic fever in this group of patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multiple electronic databases and reference lists were searched (PubMed, MEDLINE CENTRAL, and Google (first 100 results only)). Included are retrospective and prospective cohort studies on the management and outcome of pediatric oncology patients with non-neutropenic fever that have been published after the year 2000.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies with a total of 10.845 fever episodes were included, that address the treatment and outcome of patients with non-neutropenic fever. The rate of bacteremia was 1.6 - 14.4% (mean 5.8%). The mortality rate was low and due to non-bacterial causes. Across different studies, proposed risk factors for bacteremia were higher temperature, prolonged fever over 72 hours, ill-appearing patients, chills, hypotension, leukocytosis, infancy, and the presence of a Broivac/ Hickman catheter. Limitations to this study are the risk of bias and potential incomplete identification of relevant studies pertinent to the research questions asked.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to significant heterogeneity, the published data so far are not sufficient to propose evidence-based guidelines for pediatric oncology patients with non-neutropenic fever. Prospective, multicenter registries based on uniform definitions are needed. No funding was received for this manuscript.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Health Care Needs in Internationally Adopted Children: Prevalence of Chronic Conditions and Interesting Origin-correlated Risk Factors.","authors":"Benedetta Signorelli, Catiuscia Lisi, Luisa Galli, Elena Chiappini","doi":"10.2174/0115733963350631250220130025","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963350631250220130025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Federal Maternal and Child Health Bureau defines Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) as those who have, or are at increased risk for, chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional conditions, and require health and related services beyond what is generally required by other children. More than half of the entire Italian internationally adopted children (IAC) population has special needs. This monocentric retrospective study aims to describe the demographic features and prevalence of several chronic conditions in a large cohort of IAC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 1 January 2009 and 31 October 2023, we consecutively enrolled all IAC referred to Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, in Florence. This process followed a standardized operative protocol developed internationally. Then, univariate logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2694 IAC, 315 children (11.89%) were found to be affected by a chronic condition. Asia appears to have 101/561 (18.00%) prevalence of diseases in the total number of IAC from this region of origin, followed by Eastern Europe with 135/1030 (13.11%), Latin America 63/598 (10.54%) and Africa 16/435 (3.68%). The countries of origin with higher prevalence of chronic conditions were China (57.75%), India (15.89%), Russia (15.44%), and Ukraine (13.79%). Children adopted from China and India have a high prevalence of malformations (p = 0.016), while children adopted from Russia accounted for 69.77% of the total fetal alcohol syndrome affected in our cohort. Mental and behavioral disorders appear significantly more prevalent in children from Latin America (p = 0.015), whereas endocrinological disorders predominate in children from Africa (p = 0.014). High rates of precocious puberty were recorded in Asia (p = 0.018) and Africa (p = 0.001) in comparison with the other regions of origin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A revision of the current definition of special needs for adoptive purposes is recommended. Italian screening of the adopted child could be tailored considering the country of origin, and the study of mental health should definitively become part of it.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"158-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Hypotonia and Vestibular Dysfunction in Young Children: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Lena Van den Bossche, Leen Maes, Frederic Acke, Marieke Fontaine, Helene Verhelst, Ann Oostra, Ingeborg Dhooge","doi":"10.2174/0115733963376476250614212203","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963376476250614212203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the prevalence and characteristics of infantile idiopathic hypotonia in the literature and investigate a potential association with vestibular dysfunction in young children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) standards. Literature was searched across MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Google Scholar, GreyNet International, and trial registers were searched for grey literature. Eligible articles were required to report features of children with idiopathic hypotonia or a predefined synonym.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4,174 screened articles, 16 met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies focused on various underlying causes of hypotonia and comprised 1150 hypotonic children, of which 24% remained undiagnosed. The remaining studies delved into the characteristics of idiopathic hypotonic children and described different developmental challenges in these children.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Clumsiness and poor coordination were commonly reported, and therapy, aiming to enhance muscle strength, coordination, and balance, was often recommended, yet none of the included articles explored vestibular dysfunction. Conclusion Despite diagnostic advancements, the underlying cause of hypotonia remains unidentified in some children. While similarities exist between hypotonic children and children with vestibular dysfunction, none of the reviewed studies explored vestibular dysfunction, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"115-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Immune Markers in Predicting Infectious Complications in Children with Congenital Heart Defects.","authors":"Degtyareva Elena, Mwela Bupe Mumba, Prodeus Andrey, Ovsyannikov Dmitry, Kantemirova Marina, Alekseeva Olga, Kudlay Dmitry, Kim Alexey, Nefedova Inessa, Rogova Tatyana, Tumanyan Margarita, Korsunsky Iliya","doi":"10.2174/0115733963325523250320065040","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963325523250320065040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The literature review presents data from a limited number of available studies conducted over the last two decades on immunological deficiency in congenital heart defects (CHDs), which is the cause of frequent infectious complications before and after cardiac surgery. Several studies based on screenings at various levels indicate the presence of primary and secondary immunodeficiency in CHDs, in particular about 13 genetic syndromes in which CHD is combined with immunodeficiency. The available data suggests a greater severity of immunological disorders in patients with critical CHDs, cyanotic CHDs, and conotruncal defects with T-cell dysfunction and deficiency of immunoglobulins (especially the IgG class, mainly IgG4) than in patients with shunts and obstructive defects. To identify defects in the T- and B-cell components of the immune system, quantification of the DNA of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and K-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs)-by-products of the maturation of T- and B-cell receptors- has proven helpful in the world practice of neonatal screening. It allows the evaluation of a number of functionally mature T- and B-cells. In Russia, however, its widespread use started only in 2023. Data on the use of this assay in infants with CHDs are represented by isolated case reports. In Russia, a combination of CHD and primary immunodeficiency was found in 37% of cases in the Sverdlovsk Region. We conducted our own study of 200 children with CHD; 5% of cases were syndromic forms of CHD. 48.5% of children were admitted to the cardiac surgery clinic in critical condition. A decrease in the TREC level was detected in 23.5% of cases, including all children with syndromic CHD. In the group of patients with immunological disorders, there were significantly more children with cyanotic CHD, children admitted in critical condition, and children with conotruncal defects. Infectious complications in the postoperative period (sepsis, pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, postoperative wound infection) were observed significantly more often in 47 children with reduced TREC levels compared to children with normal TREC levels (P = .00000, in 36% and 3.6%, respectively). The analysis of publications confirms the prognostic value of TREC and KREC screening for targeted preoperative preparation to reduce postoperative complications and decrease the risk of mortality in CHDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Renal Neuroblastoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Rejin Kebudi, Dilsad Koca, Ulku Miray Yildirim","doi":"10.2174/0115733963321945241118113026","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963321945241118113026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood.</p><p><strong>Case representation: </strong>Primary renal neuroblastoma has been reported in the literature as case reports. Almost all cases had a preliminary diagnosis of Wilms tumor and were diagnosed as neuroblastoma after nephrectomy. Renal localized neuroblastoma may not be distinguished radiologically from Wilms tumor.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We report a case of a 9-month-old infant with primary intrarenal neuroblastoma and provide a literature review. The definitive differential diagnosis of some renal masses is both radiologically and clinically challenging.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In such cases, the input of a multidisciplinary team, including the oncologist, surgeon, and radiologist, is invaluable in deciding on a biopsy or nephrectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant Expressions of <i>EDNRB</i> and <i>EDN3</i> in a Multifactorial Hirschsprung Disease.","authors":"Gunadi, Khanza Adzkia Vujira, Verrell Christopher Amadeus, Gita Christy Gabriela, Adisrasti Rejeki Amaragati, Esensi Tarian Geometri, Laudria Stella Eryvinka, Kevin Eliezer Ferdinandus, Nabila Ardia Pramono, Andi Dwihantoro","doi":"10.2174/0115733963343518241223193627","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963343518241223193627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a multifactorial disorder due to the enteric nervous system (ENS) development failure. At least 35 genes have been responsible for HSCR, including EDNRB and EDN3. Here, we aimed to determine the EDRNB and EDN3 expressions effects in HSCR subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study analyzed EDNRB and EDN3 expressions in the colon of HSCR subjects and controls by a quantitative PCR. The EDNRB and EDN3 expressions were analyzed by the Livak method (2^-ΔΔC_T).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven HSCR patients and 20 controls were ascertained. EDNRB and EDN3 expressions downregulated was found in ganglionic and aganglionic HSCR than control colons (EDNRB: ΔC_T 6.78 ± 1.38 vs. 1.71 ± 2.79; p = 0.0001 (ganglionic); ΔC_T 4.41 ± 1.63 vs. 1.71 ± 2.79; p = 0.0005 (aganglionic); and EDN3: ΔC_T 7.60 ± 1.93 vs. 1.81 ± 2.89; p = 0.0001 (ganglionic); ΔC_T 9.72 ± 4.32 vs. 1.81 ± 2.89; p = 0.0001 (aganglionic)). A significant difference in EDNRB and EDN3 expressions was also noted between the HSCR colon: ganglionic vs. aganglionic segment (p = 0.00002 and 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report the downregulated EDNRB and EDN3 expressions in HSCR subjects, indicating EDNRB/EDN3 expressions have a significant responsibility in HSCR pathogenesis. Nevertheless, we further clarify the complexity of the development of ENS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"152-157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Way to Use Supraglottic Airway Device.","authors":"Valentina Giovanna Dell'Orto, Virginia Beretta, Chiara Petrolini, Serafina Perrone","doi":"10.2174/0115733963331390240822105658","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963331390240822105658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We read a review of case reports published on Current Pediatric Reviews 2024 about the use of I-gel® in neonatal complicated intubation, and we decided to write a commentary on the benefits and limitations of using supraglottic airways in neonatal age, with a specific focus on Igel. The use of supraglottic airway devices in neonatal ages is limited to particular conditions, but further research is showing the utility of these devices as the first choice in neonatal resuscitation or airway stabilization. Our commentary highlights the broader practical applications of I-gel and reinforces its role as a valuable tool in neonatal resuscitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Safety Signals for Pediatric Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: A Disproportionality Analysis of USFDA Adverse Event Reporting System.","authors":"Kannan Sridharan","doi":"10.2174/0115733963375307250521100744","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963375307250521100744","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}