Current Pediatric Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Infectious associations in childhood Kawasaki Disease.","authors":"Kam Lun Hon, Alexander K C Leung, Alvin Cheung, Adolphus K T Chau","doi":"10.2174/0115733963361845250728054225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963361845250728054225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis syndrome that is common in young children in the East, with potential life-threatening complications. Traditionally considered an autoimmune disease potentially triggered by infection without a specific causative pathogen, the increasing use of multiplexed PCR has allowed the association of infectious agents with Kawasaki disease to be determined. Here, we examined the clinical course of Kawasaki disease in six young children (age range: 3 months to 2 years) and discussed the laboratory findings and potential diagnostic pitfalls in these patients. We demonstrated that a diverse spectrum of respiratory and enteropathic pathogens could be found in the nasopharyngeal secretions or stool samples from these patients, confirming a strong correlation between infection and the initiation of this autoimmune process. Because the timely management of Kawasaki disease is important to prevent coronary aneurysms in these children, a high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to diagnose Kawasaki disease in the presence of unusual signs that emerge in a febrile child.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Delayed Effects of COVID-19 in Children Hospitalized in Southeastern Iran from 2021 to 2023.","authors":"Shima Groohi-Sardou, Mohammad Mahdi Dehghani, Rasoul Raesi, Kiavash Hushmandi, Salman Daneshi","doi":"10.2174/0115733963373557250725053243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963373557250725053243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding the delayed effects of COVID-19, often called \"long COVID-19,\" is essential for creating effective treatment protocols and support systems for affected children. This study was conducted to determine the delayed effects of COVID-19 in hospitalized children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study is descriptive-analytical and was conducted through a census of 137 hospitalized children diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jiroft, Iran, from 2021 to 2023. Data were collected using a checklist from the patients' medical records and through telephone interviews with the children's parents. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at a significance level of p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of the children was 7.7 years, with a majority being boys, and a small percentage having underlying medical conditions. Most children were hospitalized for three days. Fatigue was the most common delayed complication, affecting 21.1% of cases, while seizures were the least common at 1.4%. Other notable complications included cough, rhinorrhea, and nausea, with significant relationships observed between age and issues like loss of smell and decreased appetite. Underlying diseases were linked to higher rates of cough and shortness of breath.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Fatigue was the most common delayed complication of COVID-19 in hospitalized children. Younger children and those with underlying health conditions were particularly vulnerable to these delayed effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the need for personalized follow-up care for pediatric patients recovering from COVID-19. Comprehensive monitoring and support programs are crucial for addressing the specific complications observed in this population, thereby ensuring improved long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Immunization Perspectives: Exploring Maternal Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, and Stakeholder Perceptions on Barriers and Challenges in the United Arab Emirates: A Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Nageena Dileep, Mohamed Anas Patni, Wafa Manaf, Aaesha Yousef Alnuami, Hiba Rabiya, Rasha Aziz Salama Attia, Mohamed El-Tanani, Alaa A Aljabali","doi":"10.2174/0115733963385175250630080411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963385175250630080411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vaccination is crucial because it protects individuals and communities from infectious diseases, reducing the spread and potential for outbreaks. As mothers are often the primary caregivers of children, they must be well-informed about childhood vaccinations through credible sources. The study investigated the disparities in knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding immunization among mothers of children aged 0-5 years residing in Ras Al Khaimah. In the qualitative part of the study, the main barriers and challenges to immunization in the UAE were identified, as perceived by different stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study employed a mixed-method approach to examine childhood vaccination practices and attitudes among Emirati and expatriate mothers in Ras Al Khaimah, UAE, between January and April 2024. Two hundred and seven mothers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and 14 stakeholders were interviewed using an in-depth interview guide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key findings revealed that 95.1% of mothers vaccinated their children, but 18.3% admitted to delays. Expatriate mothers demonstrated higher knowledge of vaccine benefits and fewer concerns about safety compared to Emirati mothers. The themes generated from in-depth interviews- namely, natural immunity, peer influence, and healthcare system challenges-were significant factors influencing vaccination decisions. Cultural norms and systemic issues, such as delays in vaccine administration, also affected vaccination uptake.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite high vaccination rates, there was a persistent lack of awareness and concerns about side effects among both groups. This gap indicates a need for more targeted educational initiatives to address misconceptions and promote vaccine safety. The study's limited interviews, cross-sectional design, and sample may not fully represent all UAE demographic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the high vaccination rates, there is a persistent lack of awareness and concerns regarding side effects. This study highlights the importance of culturally tailored communication and increased advocacy by healthcare providers to address concerns about vaccination and prevent misconceptions among the diverse population in the UAE.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Netherton Syndrome Perspectives.","authors":"Kam Lun Ellis Hon, Yuet Ching Cheung, Zoe Mireille Chan, Yan Tung Law, Hei Tung Lam, Ashleigh Chu, Alexander K C Leung, Nisha Suyien Chandran, Kin Fon Leong","doi":"10.2174/0115733963361849250611072347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733963361849250611072347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Netherton syndrome (NS), also known as Comèl-Netherton syndrome, is a rare disorder of cornification resulting from pathogenic variants in the Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) gene encoding serine protease inhibitor LEKTI. NS is characterized by the triad of congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE)/ichthyosis linearis circumflexa (ILC), trichorrhexis invaginata (TI), and atopic diathesis. Due to the severity of pathogenesis and variability in clinical presentations, the management of NS poses significant therapeutic challenges, which often require a multidisciplinary approach. Current treatment modalities predominantly consist of topical interventions and supportive measures. With an improved understanding of NS pathophysiology, emerging literature has suggested novel systemic therapeutic options for NS, which include repurposed biologics like targeted inhibitors and intravenous immunoglobulins, but there remains a paucity of literature regarding their clinical outcomes. Although often cited among dermatologists and allergists, the condition is rare in Hong Kong and Singapore, and most physicians have not managed any case. This review suggests that NS may be underestimated clinically. We aim to raise awareness for clinicians in the specific clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of NS to decide tailor-made treatment plans and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Picture, Diagnosis, Management of NEC, and Effects of Probiotics on its Prevention: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Giuseppe De Bernardo, Carla Ziello, Grazia Parisi, Carolina Vecchione, Valentina Fattorusso, Simona Spadarella, Maurizio Giordano, Giuseppe Buonocore, Serafina Perrone","doi":"10.2174/0115733963317134240801113609","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963317134240801113609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preterm newborns represent a population at risk of developing intestinal dysbiosis as well as being predisposed to sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Necrotizing Enterocolitis is a condition burdened by many complications and mortality due to an alteration of the intestinal barrier, an immaturity of the immune system, and intestinal dysbiosis. Low gestational age at birth, low birth weight, and early use of antibiotics are other predisposing factors. Instead, breast milk and probiotics are protective factors in providing intestinal homeostasis and microbiome regulation. In this mini-review, we analysed the protective role of probiotics in the onset of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in preterm populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"104-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laryngeal Mask for Minimally-invasive Surfactant Administration: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Giuseppe De Bernardo, Valeria Crisci, Fabio Centanni, Maurizio Giordano, Serafina Perrone, Giuseppe Buonocore, Claudia Mandato","doi":"10.2174/0115733963328784240820062714","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963328784240820062714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cornerstone of treatment for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants is surfactant administration, traditionally performed through an invasive procedure involving tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in exploring less invasive methods of surfactant delivery to mitigate the associated risks. Currently, several techniques are under evaluation, including intratracheal instillation using a thin catheter, aerosolized or nebulized administration, and guided administration by supraglottic airway devices. One such method is surfactant administration through laryngeal or supraglottic airway, which involves placing a laryngeal mask without the need for laryngoscopy and administering surfactant through the device. The simplicity of laryngeal mask insertion could potentially streamline the surfactant delivery process, eliminating the necessity for advanced skills. This narrative review aimed to assess the current evidence in the literature regarding the benefits and risks associated with surfactant administration through a laryngeal supraglottic airway.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodine Status in Cyprus and Neighboring Countries: A Review Article.","authors":"Nese Akcan, Ismet Zaimagaoglu","doi":"10.2174/0115733963275007231227051736","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963275007231227051736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the implementation of global iodine supplementation initiatives in the past decade, the problem of iodine deficiency persists as a significant public health concern in numerous countries. Although cretinism is now rare in developed countries, iodine deficiency can still lead to less severe cognitive deficits, which can negatively impact academic achievement, intellectual capacity, and work productivity. There is a scarcity of studies regarding the status of Cyprus, and the global database does not have any information pertaining to the prevalence of iodine deficiency in Cyprus. The geographical setting of the research is of importance as it pertains to the separation of Cyprus into two distinct areas. One region is predominantly inhabited by Greek Cypriots, where the practice of salt iodization is not mandatory. Conversely, the other region is primarily inhabited by Turkish Cypriots, who may potentially experience higher amounts of iodine contact due to their reliance on food imports from Turkey, where salt-iodisation is compulsory. The main objective of this study is to provide an overview of recent research conducted on the prevalence of iodine deficiency in Cyprus and neighboring Mediterranean nations. In this study, we assess the current method and subsequently offer public health recommendations for future research endeavors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Relapse in Neuroblastoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Rejin Kebudi, Begum Koc, Banu Oflaz Sozmen","doi":"10.2174/0115733963255648231024081333","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963255648231024081333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroblastoma is the most com mon extra-cranial solid tu mor in children. The survival rate of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma is dismal. Late recurrence may occur rarely.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We have, herein, presented a case with stage IV neuroblastoma who relapsed after 11 years and had a subsequent relapse after 15 years from the initial diagnosis, and reviewed cases with late relapsed (after >5 years) neuroblastoma in the literature. The case presented with recurrent disease at the T7 vertebra after 11 years from the initial diagnosis. The patient received surgery, che motherapy, MIBG treatment, and antiGD2 combined with che motherapy, and had a further local recurrence in the paravertebral area of the re moved T7 vertebra after three years. The patient was operated, received anti-GD2 combined with che motherapy, and is still alive with no symptoms for 19 months after the last relapse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is not a well-established treatment regimen for the majority of these patients. MIBG treatment and antiGD2 combined with che motherapy may be promising options for relapsed/ refractory neuroblastoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"186-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71479298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from Overviewing Selective International Guidelines for Pediatric Asthma.","authors":"Kam L E Hon, Daniel K K Ng, Wa K Chiu, Alexander K C Leung","doi":"10.2174/0115733963270829231221062201","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963270829231221062201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma is a chronic atopic and inflammatory bronchial disease characterized by recurring symptoms, episodic reversible bronchial obstruction and easily triggered bronchospasms. Asthma often begins in childhood. International guidelines are widely accepted and implemented; however, there are similarities and differences in the management approaches. There is no national guideline in many cities in Asia. This review aims to provide a practical perspective on current recommendations in the management of childhood asthma, specifically in the following aspects: diagnosis, classification of severity, treatment options, and asthma control, and to provide physicians with up-to-date information for the management of asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the PubMed function of Clinical Queries and searched keywords of \"Asthma\", \"Pediatric\" AND \"Guidelines\" as the search engine. \"Clinical Prediction Guides\", \"Etiology\", \"Diagnosis\", \"Therapy,\" \"Prognosis,\" and \"Narrow\" scope were used as filters. The search was conducted in November 2022. The information retrieved from this search was used in compiling the present article.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diagnosis is clinically based on symptom pattern, response to therapy with bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids, and spirometric pulmonary function testing (PFT). Asthma is classified in accordance with symptom frequency, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and atopic versus nonatopic etiology, where atopy means a predisposition toward a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. Asthma is also classified as intermittent or persistent (mild to severe). Unfortunately, there is no disease cure for asthma. However, symptoms can be prevented by trigger avoidance and suppressed with inhaled corticosteroids. Antileukotriene agents or long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) may be used together with inhaled corticosteroids if symptoms of asthma are not controlled. Rapidly worsening symptoms are usually treated with an inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA, e.g., salbutamol) and oral corticosteroids. Intravenous corticosteroids and hospitalization are required in severe cases of asthma attacks. Some guidelines also provide recommendations on the use of biologics and immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Asthma is diagnosed clinically, with supporting laboratory testing. Treatment is based on severity classification, from intermittent to persistent. Inhaled bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory corticosteroid form the main stay of management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"315-332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139574990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for Pain Management after Extraction of Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Janina Rodrigues, Luiz Felipe Palma, Gabriela Seabra da Silva, Lucas Santiago Franca, Livia Araújo Alves, Daniela Prócida Raggio, Tamara Kerber Tedesco","doi":"10.2174/0115733963292710240725051920","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733963292710240725051920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In dental extractions, particularly when local anesthesia is used, it usually offers analgesic relief for a few hours. However, pain can become a notable concern in the immediate postoperative period due to the trauma experienced by both soft and hard oral tissues.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the most effective strategies for managing postoperative pain in primary tooth extractions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two examiners conducted a search across electronic databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and OpenGray. Studies were included if they met the following criteria after reviewing their titles and abstracts: they involved children and evaluated pain management following primary tooth extraction. Subsequently, articles that described extractions performed under any form of sedation, were not conducted under local anesthesia, in an outpatient setting, and in children aged 0 to 12 years, or were not randomized controlled trials, were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 374 relevant articles, of which 9 were included. Among these, 5 utilized preoperative medications as a pain management strategy, one evaluated low-level laser therapy (LLLT) postoperatively, one assessed calendula drops postoperatively, and another explored virtual reality during the procedure and arnica in solution both pre and postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among all the strategies evaluated, the strategy involving analgesics administered 30 minutes before tooth extractions was supported by better-designed studies. However, there is a high risk of bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":11175,"journal":{"name":"Current Pediatric Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"374-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}