{"title":"Biomarkers in dementia disorders - a narrative review.","authors":"Steen Gregers Hasselbalch","doi":"10.61409/A09240634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61409/A09240634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the introduction of specific or unspecific biomarkers, the diagnosis of dementia disorders has changed from a purely clinical to a biological construct. This review presents biomarkers for the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Specific biomarkers for misfolded proteins have been developed for Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Unspecific biomarkers for neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation may also be helpful in diagnosing or staging dementia disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11119,"journal":{"name":"Danish medical journal","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oliver Wagner Ulf Nielsen, Mikkel Oliver Skov Risom, Hans Linde Nielsen, Jacob Bodilsen, Henrik Nielsen
{"title":"Nephrotoxicity associated with short-term gentamicin therapy in community-acquired bacteraemia: risk of nephrotoxicity.","authors":"Oliver Wagner Ulf Nielsen, Mikkel Oliver Skov Risom, Hans Linde Nielsen, Jacob Bodilsen, Henrik Nielsen","doi":"10.61409/A08240568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61409/A08240568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hesitancy towards the use of aminoglycosides persists among clinicians due to the perceived risk of nephrotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included adults with community-acquired bacteraemia and no pre-existing renal failure. The patients were divided into two groups matched 1:1 by age (± 5 years): 1) patients treated with short-term (≤ 3 days) once-daily gentamicin within 24 hours of admission and 2) non-gentamicin-treated patients. The primary endpoint was an increase in plasma creatinine levels of ≥ 40 µmol/l from baseline. Cause-specific Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prognostic factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) and death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 310 adults with bacteraemia were included, among whom 159 (49%) were treated with gentamicin and 151 (51%) with other antibiotics. No significant between-group differences were observed in sex distribution, comorbidities, biochemical variables and vital signs at admission. In the gentamicin-exposed group, 11 (7%) patients developed AKI compared with 12 (8%) patients in the non-exposed group. Gentamicin was neither associated with increased risk of AKI (HR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.38-1.96) nor with 30-day mortality (HR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.38-1.41) compared with other antibiotic regimens.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study showed no increase in the risk of developing AKI and no increase in all-cause mortality in patients treated with short-term once-daily gentamicin for community-acquired bacteraemia compared with other antibiotic regimens.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11119,"journal":{"name":"Danish medical journal","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cara Manmeet Bhuller, Michael Bau Mortensen, Henriette Engberg, Claus Wilki Fristrup
{"title":"Validity of the Pancreatic Cancer Registry in Southern Denmark.","authors":"Cara Manmeet Bhuller, Michael Bau Mortensen, Henriette Engberg, Claus Wilki Fristrup","doi":"10.61409/A08240545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61409/A08240545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Danish Pancreatic Cancer Database (DPCD) uses data from the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) and includes patients with pancreatic carcinomas, duodenal and ampullary cancers. Due to the aggressive nature of pancreatic cancer, some patients never receive diagnostic work-up at a hepato-pancreatico-biliary centre. The aim of this study was to explore the validity of the registration of the pancreatic cancer diagnosis for patients living in the Region of Southern Denmark reported in the DNPR but not included in the DPCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a descriptive analysis of a historical cohort of patients registered with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (DC 25.0-25.9, DC 24.1, DC 17.0, excluding DC 25.4) from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2022, in the DNPR but with no registration in the DPCD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 155 patients with a relevant diagnosis in the DNPR who were not included in the DPCD. A total of 62 patients (40%) represented potentially valid cases of pancreatic cancer, whereas 73 patients (47%) had pNET and 20 patients (13%) had an entirely different diagnosis. Only seven patients (11%) of the potentially valid pancreatic cancer group and 4.5% of the total study cohort had a histology-verified diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The DNPR contained (93/944) 10% with an incorrect diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and 6% with an uncertain diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates a high level of completeness for the DPCD in the Region of Southern Denmark. Invalid registration of the pancreatic cancer diagnosis is an important limitation in using the DNPR, which is the only data source for identifying patients with pancreatic cancer in Denmark.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11119,"journal":{"name":"Danish medical journal","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring and reporting of adverse effects in weight loss trials in children.","authors":"Catja Alcoat, Rasmus Køster-Rasmussen","doi":"10.61409/A05240327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61409/A05240327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated if the studies included in a Cochrane Review had examined and reported adverse effects of lifestyle intervention for weight loss in children. We evaluated each of the 70 RCTs included. A total of 67 trials (96%) did not report a method for monitoring adverse effects. Six trials (9%) reported physical adverse events. One trial reported a \"negative effect on children's feelings\". None of the 70 studies examined for or reported social adverse effects. In conclusion, only a few studies of lifestyle intervention for weight loss in children examined for potential harm, and 96% did not meet the present-day standard for reporting trials as described in the CONSORT statement.</p>","PeriodicalId":11119,"journal":{"name":"Danish medical journal","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutritional assessment of patients in haemodialysis by bioimpedance spectroscopy and BMI.","authors":"Kezia Thorsted McWhan, Jesper Nørgaard Bech, Alessandro Reem Venzo","doi":"10.61409/A07240488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61409/A07240488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dialysis patients carry an increased risk of malnutrition, which is often defined by BMI. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the quality of BMI as a marker of nutritional status in haemodialysis (HD) patients by comparing BMI to body composition measurements from bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study included 85 patients receiving chronic HD in 2021 at the Dialysis Clinic, Gødstrup Hospital, Denmark. Nutritional status was assessed with BMI and BIS, which determined values of fat tissue index (FTI), lean tissue index (LTI) and overhydration. Furthermore, albumin blood levels were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with diabetes had a significantly lower LT and a higher FTI and BMI than their diabetes-free counterparts. LTI was inversely correlated to age, and BMI was correlated with FTI but not with LTI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study illustrates that calculation of BMI in HD patients should be used with caution as it does not correlate with LTI, which is an important prognostic factor. We propose body composition assessment, e.g., by BIS, as a supplement to BMI in nutritional assessments.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This research received no specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not relevant, as the project was performed as a quality assurance study.</p>","PeriodicalId":11119,"journal":{"name":"Danish medical journal","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Gillies Banke Rasmussen, Sara Fokdal Lehn, Lise Tarnow, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Jan Erik Henriksen
{"title":"Diabetes and vulnerabilities in people undergoing lower-extremity amputation.","authors":"Martin Gillies Banke Rasmussen, Sara Fokdal Lehn, Lise Tarnow, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Jan Erik Henriksen","doi":"10.61409/A04240294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61409/A04240294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Knowledge of the characteristics of those who undergo major lower-extremity amputation (LEA) in Denmark is lacking. In this study, we described socioeconomic and demographic factors, comorbidity, healthcare contacts and mortality in people who underwent major LEA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive observational study. We identified first non-traumatic major LEAs (2019-2021) in the National Patient Registry and classified people by diabetes status. We matched the LEA population to people from the general population based on age, sex, calendar quarter and diabetes status and linked data on socioeconomic and demographic factors, comorbidity, healthcare contacts and mortality from national administrative registries RESULTS. The LEA population constituted 3,088 people (no diabetes: N = 1,722, 55.8%; type 1 diabetes: 153, 5.0%; type 2 diabetes: N = 1,213, 39.3%). Compared to the reference group, a higher proportion of the LEA population were single, had basic education, were in a low-income group and resided in a non-urban municipality. The LEA population had many healthcare contacts leading up to their major LEA, and a very high proportion had comorbidities, most notably cardiovascular disease (85.1%). Lastly, 30-day and one-year mortality were 15.8% and 29.3%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>About two in five who underwent major LEA had diabetes. We found marked social inequality, higher comorbidity, higher mortality and more healthcare contacts in the LEA population than in the reference group.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11119,"journal":{"name":"Danish medical journal","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederik Trier, Bo Bergholt, Jesper Fjølner, Hans Kirkegaard, Nikolaj Raaber
{"title":"Traumatic brain injury in the Central Denmark Region 2014-2021.","authors":"Frederik Trier, Bo Bergholt, Jesper Fjølner, Hans Kirkegaard, Nikolaj Raaber","doi":"10.61409/A01230042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61409/A01230042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The TBI population has changed in recent years. We aimed to characterise TBI patients treated at the major trauma centre in the Central Denmark Region from 2014 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with TBI admitted by trauma team activation from 2014 to 2021. Patients were stratified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale into mild TBI (mTBI), moderate to severe TBI (sTBI) and polytrauma TBI (pTBI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,543 consecutive adult TBI patients were included. The median age peaked in 2021 at 55 years, and the proportion of patients aged ≥ 65 years was 31.9%. In 2021, the incidence of sTBI was 7.8/105 inhabitants, and the incidence of pTBI was 3.1/105 inhabitants. From 2014 to 2021, the 30-day mortality of mTBI, sTBI and pTBI remained unchanged at 1.7%, 17.5% and 25.5%, respectively. During the study period, patients aged ≥ 65 years with sTBI and pTBI had an odds ratio for 30-day mortality of 4.98 and 2.23, respectively, compared to patients aged 16-64 years. In the entire cohort, road traffic collision was the most common mechanism of injury for mTBI (28.1%) and pTBI (28.8%), and fall injuries was the most common mechanism of injury for sTBI (43.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The median age and the proportion of elderly TBI is rising. From 2014 to 2021, the 30-day mortality of mTBI, sTBI and pTBI remained unchanged at 1.7%, 17.5% and 25.5%, respectively. Fall injuries cause more than a third of all TBI.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>Department funding only.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The Central Denmark Region and the Hospital Board of Directors approved the study (reference 1-16-02-339-23).</p>","PeriodicalId":11119,"journal":{"name":"Danish medical journal","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Adler Holmstrup, Jens Martin Lauritsen, Christian Faergemann
{"title":"Injuries from trending active play products in children and adolescents.","authors":"Sarah Adler Holmstrup, Jens Martin Lauritsen, Christian Faergemann","doi":"10.61409/A06240415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61409/A06240415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Trend products such as trampolines and roller skates may result in child injuries. This study aimed to describe the development of product-related injuries and the pattern of lesions associated with six different trend products among children and adolescents in an urban Danish population from 1980 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included all children and adolescents aged 0-17 years treated for injuries associated with bouncy castles, play stands, roller skates, scooters, skateboards and trampolines from 1980 to 2021. From the emergency departments at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, we extracted information on the date of injury, diagnosis and severity. We estimated annual incidence rates (IRs) for each product.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included a total of 19,207 cases. The overall injury IRs per 10,000 population/years were 68.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 67.0-69.6) for play stands, 21.9 (95% CI: 21.2-22.7) trampolines, 13.1 (95% CI: 12.5-13.6) roller skates, 8.0 (95% CI: 7.6-8.5) for skateboards, 7.0 (95% CI: 6.6-7.4) for scooters and 5.5 (95% CI: 5.2-5.9) for bouncy castles. Play stands had a high IR during the entire study period, whereas a significant peak in IR of trampoline injuries of 61.0 (95% CI: 57.6-64.6) and scooters of 18.5 (95% CI: 16.6-20.5) occurred in the 2017-2021 period. For skateboard, roller skate, scooter and play stand injuries, most lesions were located to the upper limbs. The lower limbs were the most frequently injured body region for the remaining products.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides useful information for the planning of preventive campaigns.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11119,"journal":{"name":"Danish medical journal","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nour Al Houda Ayoub, Sará Carlsdóttir, Pernille Fiil Nybo, Jakob Linnet, Michael Røder
{"title":"Association between type 2 diabetes and binge eating disorder.","authors":"Nour Al Houda Ayoub, Sará Carlsdóttir, Pernille Fiil Nybo, Jakob Linnet, Michael Røder","doi":"10.61409/A10230665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61409/A10230665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Binge eating disorder (BED) was recently recognised as a distinct diagnosis in Denmark. The estimated prevalence of BED in the general population in Denmark is 2-3%. The BED prevalence among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Denmark remains unknown. This small-scale preliminary cohort study aims to estimate the BED prevalence in obese T2D patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with T2D and a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² were recruited from the Steno Diabetes Center Odense outpatient clinic. Patients were screened and categorised into three groups using the Binge Eating Disorder Questionnaire as follows: indication of BED, subthreshold BED symptoms and no BED. Additional clinical data were collected and analysed using group comparison statistics and clinical descriptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 84 patients were included; 9.5% of these obese patients with T2D showed indication of BED, while an additional 8.3% showed subthreshold manifestations of BED. Patients with T2D and indication of BED had a significantly lower age, an earlier diabetes onset and a higher BMI than patients with T2D but without BED.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggested an increased prevalence of BED in obese patients with T2D compared to the general population, suggesting that systematic BED screening may be relevant for this population. Further research is needed to elucidate the association between BED and T2D fully.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11119,"journal":{"name":"Danish medical journal","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle Pihl Larsen, Anna Elisabeth Lewis, Anne Mette Plomgaard, Bo Mølholm Hansen
{"title":"Respiratory morbidity in newborns with a gestational age at or above 32 weeks.","authors":"Michelle Pihl Larsen, Anna Elisabeth Lewis, Anne Mette Plomgaard, Bo Mølholm Hansen","doi":"10.61409/A03240200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61409/A03240200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the reasons for early admissions to two neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for respiratory morbidity, defined as any disease presenting with respiratory symptoms in moderate to late preterm and term infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included all infants with gestational age (GA) ≥ 32 weeks admitted to the NICUs in 2021 in two hospitals covering almost 20% of all births in Denmark.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 921 infants (8% of all liveborn with a GA ≥ 32 weeks) were admitted to the NICUs within the first 24 hours of life. Among these, 60% were diagnosed with respiratory morbidity, with a corresponding incidence of 35% and 3.2% in preterm and term infants, respectively. In the term group, the median duration of respiratory support was five hours, with 73% being treated for less than 12 hours. In the preterm group, respiratory support was also brief (19 hours median), and 30 (15%) infants developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (5.3% incidence of liveborn with a GA of 32-36 weeks).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In term newborns, mild respiratory morbidity is the most frequent cause for early admission, and the duration of treatment is often short. In moderate to late preterm infants, respiratory morbidity also tends to be mild, though 15% of the admitted infants developed RDS.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11119,"journal":{"name":"Danish medical journal","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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