Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Association Between FAM134B and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Double-Center Case-Control Study.","authors":"Xingyun Hu, Jie Peng, Qingxian Li, Yuying Chen, Yingjuan Zeng, Peishan Li, Chuan Yang","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S508698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S508698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The role of FAM134B in neurological diseases has received significant attention; however, its role in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) remains unexplored. This study investigated the association between plasma FAM134B levels and DPN while assessing its diagnostic value.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 128 inpatients with type 2 diabetes divided into DPN (n = 68) and non-DPN (n = 60) groups. FAM134B expression was determined via qRT-PCR analysis of plasma FAM134B mRNA level. All clinical data were retrieved from the Hospital Information System. SPSS and R were used for statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma FAM134B mRNA levels were significantly higher in the DPN than in the non-DPN group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Increased FAM134B mRNA levels were strongly linked to increased odds of DPN, with the highest quartile showing a significant risk elevation (Odds Ratio [OR] = 21.42, 95% Confidence Interval: 4.86-96.46, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a non-linear relationship, thereby identifying a critical threshold of FAM134B mRNA levels at 2.53, above which the risk sharply increased (adjusted OR = 3.11, <i>p</i> = 0.006). Subgroup analysis showed consistent associations across most subgroups, with a notable difference in males (<i>p</i> = 0.038). The diagnostic performance was moderate (Area Under the Curve [AUC] = 0.756). While adding FAM134B mRNA to the model did not dramatically improve the AUC, it significantly enhanced reclassification metrics (Net Reclassification Improvement = 0.165, Integrated Discrimination Improvement = 0.095, <i>p</i> < 0.05), thereby highlighting its clinical value.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased FAM134B expression positively correlated with the odds of DPN, and may act as a promising target for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"729-742"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Triglyceride-Glucose Index as a Risk Stratification Marker for Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Influence of Glycemic Control.","authors":"Xiaohua Wan, Ruihuan Zhang, Adilan Abudukeranmu, Wei Wei, Hong Zhu, Lin Zhang, Yanwei Hu","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S503672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S503672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication observed in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, an indicator of insulin resistance, has an uncertain role in glycemic management in T2DM patients at risk for DR. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the TyG index and DR risk across different glycemic control status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 4,372 T2DM in-patients from Beijing Tongren Hospital (2013-2024) were included in this study. The patients were categorized into four groups based on TyG index quartiles (Q1-Q4). Participants were stratified by TyG index quartiles (Q1-Q4) and glycemic control status (HbA1c <7%, 7-9%, and >9%). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, logistic regression, and subgroup analyses were employed to explore the associations among the TyG index, glycemic control and DR risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, there were positive association of the TyG index and DR risk. The highest TyG Q4 was significantly associated with an increased risk of DR (odds ratio [OR]: 1.289; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.008-1.648, <i>P</i><0.05), compared with the lowest TyG Q1. Significant interaction was observed between the TyG index and glycemic control (<i>P</i> for interaction <0.05). Notably, the association was strongest in patients with HbA1c >9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The relationship between high TyG index and DR risk was more pronounced in patients with HbA1c >9% group, indicating that TyG index may serve as a useful tool for making risk stratification on glycemic control in T2DM patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"743-759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance Is Correlated to Adipokine Disorder and Inflammatory Activity in Female Knee Osteoarthritis Patients in a Chinese Population [Corrigendum].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S526395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S526395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S249025.].</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"727-728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Southern Afghanistan: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai, Mohammad Essa Amirzada, Niamatullah Ishaq, Kamil Ahmad Kamil, Zabihullah Anwary, Asadullah Farzad, Ahmad Haroon Baray, Hadia Sayam","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S503725","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S503725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes results in higher rates of cardiovascular complications and deaths. However, there is limited data on the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in Afghanistan.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our study aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in southern Afghanistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a multi-center hospital-based cross-sectional study employed from January to June 2024 in southern Afghanistan. A total of 609 randomly selected patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the analysis. Diabetes patients were examined for the presence/absence of hypertension diagnosis using a criterion set by the American Heart Association. The binary logistic regression analysis was performed to test for risk factors associated with hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 609 patients with diabetes included in the study, 55.3% (95% CI: 51.2%-59.3%) had hypertension. According to the results of binary logistic regression, female gender [AOR, adjusted odds ratio =1.73, 95% CI (1.09-2.74)], age of <b>≥</b> 50 years [4.35 (2.78-2.6.81)], having diabetes for five or more years [2.13 (1.37-3.31)], poor glycemic control [1.80 (1.18-2.75)], and the presence of depressive symptoms [3.25 (2.59-4.80)] were associated with hypertension among patients with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the high prevalence (55.3%) of hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes in Afghanistan, it is imperative to develop targeted interventions aimed at early detection and ensuring adequate care, especially for those most at risk for hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"715-725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Interleukin-22 Is a Biomarker for Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated with Hypoglycemic Effect of Sitagliptin.","authors":"Peiye Sun, Yuxi Xiao, Yuan Dong, Yixiang Feng, Hongting Zheng, Xiaoyu Liao","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S509866","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S509866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammation response, which indicates that IL-22 might be associated with the occurrence and progression of diabetes. This study aimed to assess serum IL-22 levels in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and analyze the association between IL-22 levels and T2DM risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum IL-22 concentrations of recruited healthy participants (n=48), newly diagnosed T2DM participants (n=46), and T2DM participants receiving placebo (n=7) or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) sitagliptin monotherapy (n=7) were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were administered sitagliptin and evaluated for IL-22 and intestinal inflammation-related indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum IL-22 levels were higher in the T2DM group (127.16 ± 75.35) than in healthy controls (69.18 ± 32.83, <i>p</i> < 0.001), significantly negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), regardless of adjustment for sex and age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum IL-22 levels were associated with the risk of T2DM (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.27-4.42, <i>p</i> = 0.007). Additionally, sitagliptin treatment decreased the levels of IL-22 in the serum and colon tissues of T2DM participants and HFD mice. Moreover, intestinal inflammation was improved, and retinoid acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt, a marker of Th17 cells)- positive cells in the colon of HFD mice were decreased after sitagliptin treatment, which might be related to the reduction of IL-22.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum IL-22 is a significant independent risk factor for T2DM, implying that circulating IL-22 may be a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"703-713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Glucose/Lipid Metabolism and Placental Biomarkers in Gestational Diabetes and Preeclampsia.","authors":"Meng Zhou, Yapei Feng, Chunxia Zhang, Xiangwen Tian, Mingde Li, Yujie Zheng","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S504653","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S504653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the significance and relationship of glucose and lipid metabolism, placental resistin, and human lipid carrier protein (LCN-2) expression in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicated by severe preeclampsia (SPE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 89 patients with GDM and SPE (G+S group) and 89 patients with GDM alone (GDM group) were included. Blood samples were collected to measure glucose and lipid metabolism indicators [fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, and LDL-C], and immunohistochemistry was used to assess placental resistin and LCN-2 levels. Delivery conditions and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between placental resistin, LCN-2, and glucose and lipid metabolism indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FBG, FINS, HbA1c, TC, and TG levels were higher, and HDL-C was lower in the G+S group compared to the GDM group (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of resistin and LCN-2 in placental tissue were also higher in the G+S group (P<0.05). The G+S group had lower gestational weeks, neonatal birth weight, and higher postpartum hemorrhage than the GDM group (P<0.05). The G+S group showed higher rates of adverse maternal outcomes (postpartum hemorrhage, intrauterine infection) and neonatal outcomes (preterm birth, fetal distress) (P<0.05). Pearson analysis showed that placental resistin and LCN-2 expression were positively correlated with FBG, FINS, TC, and TG, and negatively correlated with HDL-C (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pregnant women with GDM and SPE have higher risks of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, placental resistin and LCN-2 expression, and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes compared to GDM patients. Resistin and LCN-2 may influence glucose and lipid metabolism, affecting pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"691-702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TyG-WC Index as a Superior Predictor of Hyperuricemia Risk in the Hypertensive Population: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Qin Zhang, Jian Liu, Ruize Zhang, Changfen Wang, Yanyan Song, Xi Wang, Fanling Zeng","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S509721","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S509721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the predictive value of the triglyceride-glucose waist circumference index (TyG-WC) for hyperuricemia (HUA) risk in the hypertensive population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study involved 831 hypertensive patients with normal uric acid levels, who underwent continuous health examinations for five years. Participants were categorized into four groups based on baseline TyG-WC quartiles, and the incidence of hyperuricemia was monitored in each group. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for HUA incidence were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The predictive ability of various TyG indices for HUA was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After five years of follow-up, 117 participants developed HUA. The cumulative incidence of HUA was significantly higher in the highest TyG-WC quartile (Q4) compared to the lowest quartile (Q1). The TyG-WC index demonstrated the highest predictive value, with an area under the curve of 0.685 (95% CI: 0.635-0.734) compared to other obesity-related TyG indices. After adjusting for confounding factors, per standard deviation increase in the TyG-WC index was associated with a 1.28-fold higher risk of developing HUA (95% CI: 1.04-1.56, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG-WC index is a robust independent predictor of HUA risk in the hypertensive population. It provides a practical, reliable, and cost-effective tool for the early identification of high-risk individuals in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"679-689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomogram for Predicting Early AVF Failure in Elderly Diabetic Patients: Methodological and Clinical Considerations [Letter].","authors":"Shi-Cheng Liu, Kun Tian, Yu-Ting Zhang","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S521525","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S521525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"677-678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Soluble Asialoglycoprotein Receptor 1: A Potential Predictor Marker Linked to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Demonstrating Positive Correlation With High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein.","authors":"Haifeng Zhu, Ziyi Zhong, Gaonian Zhao, Yuan Cao, Wei Liu, Yawen Guo, Jing Jin","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S511208","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S511208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) deficiency has been implicated in enhancing liver insulin sensitivity and reducing systemic insulin resistance, thus highlighting its pivotal role in glucose metabolism. However, the association between serum soluble asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (sASGR1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains elusive. Therefore, we conducted a study to delve into this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From July to October 2024, 220 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and an equal number of matched controls with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled. Serum sASGR1 levels were quantified using ELISA, and the carotid artery and liver were assessed with ultrasound imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median serum sASGR1 level was significantly higher in the T2DM group (6.58 ng/mL) compared to the NGT group (5.26 ng/mL). Notably, no significant difference in sASGR1 levels was observed between individuals with and without carotid atherosclerosis or fatty liver. In the NGT group, sASGR1 levels exhibited a positive correlation with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Among T2DM patients, sASGR1 levels were positively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), insulin resistance (as measured by HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), and hs-CRP, but negatively associated with creatinine (Cr). The linear regression analysis identified Cr as an independent negative factor and hs-CRP as an independent positive factor of serum sASGR1 levels. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the highest sASGR1 group had significantly higher odds of developing T2DM compared to the lowest group, even after adjusting for potential confounders. However, this significance was attenuated after further adjustment for hs-CRP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for sASGR1 was 0.610.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum sASGR1 levels are elevated in newly diagnosed T2DM patients and correlate positively with hs-CRP. However, sASGR1 demonstrates limited predictive value for the onset of T2DM. Further research is warranted to explore the potential role of sASGR1 in renal function, blood lipids, liver health, and arteriosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"663-675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pituitary-Thyroid Hormones and Related Indices in Euthyroid Type 2 Diabetes: Association With Thyroid Nodules.","authors":"Baolan Ji, Shuwei Shi, Hongyan Zhao, Xuan Ma, Jie Sheng, Bo Ban, Guanqi Gao","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S503444","DOIUrl":"10.2147/DMSO.S503444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Diabetes is an independent risk factor for thyroid nodules (TNs), however, the influencing factors of TNs have not been fully clarified under the condition of diabetes. Previous studies have shown a connection between pituitary-thyroid hormone (TH) functions and TNs in different populations. However, the potential link in euthyroid patients with diabetes is unclear. We aimed to explore the correlates of TNs in euthyroid type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 1965 euthyroid adults with T2D. Clinical and biochemical data, including TH and relevant covariates were collected. TNs were evaluated using ultrasound. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with TNs, with analyses stratified by sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of TNs was 51.9%. The prevalence of TNs was higher in females. Stratified by sex, the results from univariate and further logistic regression analyses showed that free triiodothyronine (FT3) (OR: 1.381; 95% CI: 1.066-1.790) and thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI) (OR: 0.740; 95% CI: 0.584-0.937) were independently correlated with TNs only in females, while no TH-related indicators entered the regression model in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The relationship between TH and related indices with TNs exhibited sex differences. Specifically, FT3 and TSHI were independently associated with TNs in females. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating TH and related indices for early monitoring and management of TNs, particularly in euthyroid female T2D patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"627-636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}