Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of Pharmacist-Led Training Regarding Medication for Type 2 Diabetes, Based on Patient and Physician Medication-Related Issues Identified in China.","authors":"Zhong Hui Yang, Chang Juan Cheng, Guo Mei Chen, Ji Huang, Hai Zhou, Jie Jiang, Zhen Ye, Yu Fang Weng, Hai Hong Tan","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S512518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S512518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the effect of pharmacist-led specialized medication training on rational drug prescription by family physicians, and to characterize the drug-related issues and glycemic control of patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a study led by clinical pharmacists. Using surveys of medication use by doctors and patients, a 1-year training program was developed to improve the knowledge of family physicians regarding appropriate drug use. It consisted of an initial survey to assess both physician knowledge and patient medication use, followed by a training program designed to address the identified deficiencies. The program comprised quarterly group training sessions focusing on medication updates, guidelines, and clinical case discussions. Cross-sectional sampling was performed before and after doctors' intervention, carry out a questionnaire survey and compare the questionnaire scores. Patients were randomly sampled before intervention, medication problems were investigated before and after intervention. The effects of the intervention were evaluated by comparing the survey results before and after, with focuses on drug knowledge, rational prescribing, and patient outcomes such as blood glucose control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before and after the intervention, 120 valid questionnaires were collected from family doctors in each group. Both groups were principally composed of general practitioners with primary titles, but most had 0-5 years of experience, followed by >20 years. A total of 361 patients were sampled (174 men; mean age 66.8±9.62 years), of whom 215 (59.6%) had had type 2 diabetes for 6-15 years, and 126 (34.9%) had had the disease for ≤5 years. After the training, the score had significantly improved, from 32.67±6.14 to 37.12±6.24 (<i>P</i><0.05), and there were fewer misunderstandings about oral and injectable medications (<i>P</i><0.05). The number of patients with medication issues decreased by 55.0% (from 171 to 77, <i>P</i><0.05), and their mean fasting plasma glucose concentration (FPG) had also significantly decreased (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The intervention studied improved family physicians' knowledge of medication for type 2 diabetes, reduced the number of medication issues for patients, and improved their FPG concentrations. It should provide a valuable reference for chronic disease management. This pharmacist-led training approach could be expanded to improve medication practices and patient outcomes on a larger scale, particularly for the purposes of chronic disease management. By including such programs, medication-related issues could be reduced in number and overall treatment effectiveness could be enhanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1285-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Cardiac Rehabilitation: Effects of Adaptive Postural Balance Exercise on Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Deyu Qin, Guangxin Liu, Jing Zhang, Shanshan Lin, Xinmeng Liu, Jingxiang Zhao, Qian Zhang, Mei Ma, Shusen Wang","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S506870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S506870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Adaptive Postural Balance Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise (APBCRE) on glycolipid metabolism and exercise endurance in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Specifically, we compared the efficacy of APBCRE with aerobic exercise (AE) alone and irregular exercise (IE).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial included 348 patients with CAD, comprising 261 patients with T2DM and 87 non-diabetic CAD patients as a control group. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: the APBCRE group, the AE group, the IE group, or the non-diabetic AE control group. The intervention lasted 8 weeks, including a structured 6-week training phase. Metabolic markers and exercise endurance were assessed at baseline (week 1) and post-intervention (week 8). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was utilized to individualize exercise prescriptions and optimize intervention intensity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The APBCRE group demonstrated significant improvements in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-11.34%, from 7.89 to 6.99 mmol/L, p < 0.05), HbA1c (-8.87%, from 7.20% to 6.56%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), and LDL-C levels (-12.21%, from 2.44 to 2.14 mmol/L, <i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to the AE and IE groups. While both APBCRE and AE improved lipid profiles, APBCRE demonstrated superior enhancements in exercise endurance, with <i>˙VO</i> ₂ max increasing by 18.71% (from 14.19 to 16.86 mL/min/kg, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and AT <i>˙VO</i> ₂ increasing by 16.00% (from 11.62 to 13.48 mL/min/kg, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the efficacy of APBCRE in improving glycolipid metabolism, exercise endurance, and neuromuscular coordination in patients with CAD and T2DM compared to AE alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1239-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Weight Gain with Pioglitazone vs Vildagliptin in <i>CREBRF</i> rs373863828 A-allele Carriers: Insights from the WORTH Trial.","authors":"Zanetta L L Toomata, Yannan Jiang, Rui Qian Yeu, Rebecca Brandon, Ry Yves Tweedie-Cullen, Norma Nehren, Glenn Doherty, Huti Watson, Kerry A Macaskill-Smith, Megan Leask, Tony R Merriman, Ryan Paul, Troy L Merry, Peter R Shepherd, Rinki Murphy","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S500336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S500336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This subgroup analysis of a randomised, open-label, two-period crossover trial in Aotearoa New Zealand (February 2019 to March 2020) assessed whether the glucose-lowering effects of vildagliptin, vs pioglitazone varied by the <i>CREBRF</i> (p.Arg457Gln) rs373863828 genotype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c > 58 mmol/mol (>7.5%) received either pioglitazone (30 mg) or vildagliptin (50 mg) for 16 weeks, then switched medications for another 16 weeks. Differences in HbA1c between treatments (pioglitazone vs vildagliptin) were tested for an interaction with <i>CREBRF</i> rs373863828 A-allele carrier status and controlling for baseline HbA1c using linear mixed models. Secondary endpoints included weight, systolic blood pressure, and diabetes treatment satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with the AA/AG genotype had a higher baseline weight than those with the GG genotype (121.4 kg vs 106.6 kg, respectively; <i>p</i><0.01). No significant difference in achieved HbA1c was found based on A-allele carrier status (0.43 mmol/mol; 95% CI -4.83, 5.69; <i>p</i>=0.87). Among Māori and Pacific participants with the A-allele, a smaller weight difference was observed after pioglitazone vs vildagliptin compared to those with the GG genotype (interaction effect -1.66 kg; 95% CI -3.27, -0.05; <i>p</i>=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>CREBRF</i> rs373863828 A-allele carriers show a similar HbA1c-lowering response to pioglitazone vs vildagliptin compared to non-carriers but exhibit less weight gain with pioglitazone, despite having significantly higher baseline weights.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1255-1262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlation Between Impaired Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity and Diabetic Nephropathy in Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Dengrong Ma, Pingping Zhao, Jie Gao, Xinyuan Guo, Mei Han, Xiaohui Zan, Chongyang Chen, Xiaoyu Lv, Jingfang Liu","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S507750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S507750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the association between impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1305 euthyroid patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University between July 2021 and August 2023 were selected. Several indices, such as the parameters thyroid feedback quantile index (PTFQI), thyroid feedback quantile index (TFQI), thyroid stimulating hormone index (TSHI), serum-free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio, and thyrotropin thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI) to evaluate thyroid hormone sensitivity were used. The patients were subdivided into four groups (<i>Q</i> ₁ to <i>Q</i> ₄) based on the quartile levels of the five indices. The correlation between thyroid hormone sensitivity and DN was analyzed by binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of PTFQI, TFQI, and TSHI in the DN group were higher than those in the Non-DN group [0.04(-0.21, 0.31) vs -0.003(-0.27, 0.25), 0.05(-0.20, 0.30) vs 0.006(-0.26, 0.25), 2.54±0.52 vs 2.47±0.51, all <i>P</i><0.05], while the FT3/FT4 levels were decreased in the DN group (0.40±0.07 vs 0.42±0.07, <i>P</i><0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in PTFQI and TFQI levels was positively correlated with DN [OR=1.518, 95% CI(1.074, 2.145) and OR=1.546, 95% CI(1.084, 2.204)]. RCS showed a linear dose-response relationship between PTFQI, TFQI, TSHI, FT3/FT4, TT4RI, and the tendency of DN (all <i>P</i> _non-linear>0.05). As the levels of PTFQI, TFQI, and TSHI increased, and the FT3/FT4 levels decreased, the prevalence of DN and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine (UACR) level showed an upward trend (all <i>P_{trend test}</i> <0.05), while the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level showed a downward trend (all <i>P_{trend test}</i> <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among euthyroid patients with T2DM, impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity is associated with DN, as well as elevated UACR levels and decreased eGFR levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1207-1221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insights Into <i>Ganoderma Lucidum</i> for Diabetes Treatment via Network Pharmacology and Validation.","authors":"Shengxiang Guo, Lan Yang, Jiali Zhou, Wu Luo, Beibei Nie, Xiaohong Zhong, Dongbo Liu, Xincong Kang","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S500955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S500955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There is an urgent need to develop antidiabetic medications with minimal side effects and low toxicity. <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>, a food-medicine homologous in China, has been used to treat diabetes. This study was aimed to explore the active ingredients and mechanism of <i>G. lucidum</i> in the treatment of diabetes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Relevant compounds and targets of Ganoderma were collected from the TCMSP database, BATMAN-TCM database, relevant literature and PubChem. A diabetes-related target database was constructed using TTD, BATMAN-TCM, and Uniprot. A PPI network and H-C-T-P network were constructed to analyze interactions among these targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed using WebGestalt. Molecular docking of the core compounds and key targets was carried out using AutoDock Vina. The predicted key targets were verified via qRT-PCR in PA-induced HepG2 cells, using GLAE (ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum) as the treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 58 compounds were screened out in <i>G. lucidum</i>, of which 17 had predicted targets. <i>G. lucidum</i> was involved in metabolic processes, such as lipid binding, insulin secretion, and other pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the core component β-sitosterol had strong binding activity with key targets CASP3, PRKACA, and PGR. Based on the results of network pharmacology, the top 10 targets related to glucose and lipid metabolism were selected for validation. The results indicated that in a high-fat environment, glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells was improved, with decreased mRNA expression of CASP3, PRKACA, CYP19A1, NR3C1, JUN, and increased expression of PGR and RXRA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glucose and lipid metabolism are important for the anti-diabetic activity of <i>G. lucidum</i>. A strong interaction of <i>β-sitosterol</i> with CASP3, PRKACA, and PGR, which may be related to cell apoptosis, gluconeogenesis and insulin secretion, etc. This study lays the foundational groundwork for future drug development and therapeutic optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1263-1284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BMI and Mortality: The Diabetes-Obesity Paradox Examined in a Large US Cohort.","authors":"Rebecca Baqiyyah Conway, Jooyoun Song, M Kathleen Figaro, Jyothi Sri Lokanadham, Wei Perng, Tessa Lee Crume, William J Blot","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S491681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S491681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>BMI is a major risk factor for diabetes incidence, but a controversial predictor of mortality among those with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>We conducted a mortality follow-up (2002-2019) of participants aged 40-79 with young-onset (diagnosed < age 30, n = 1335), older-onset (diagnosed ≥ 30, n = 15,194), and without (n = 62,295) diabetes at cohort entry. Cox analysis with age as the time scale assessing mortality according to BMI after adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean baseline age and diabetes duration at cohort entry were 50.1 and 29.4 years and 55.3 and 7.7 years among those with young- and older-onset diabetes, respectively. During an average of 12.3 years of follow-up, 47% of the young-onset, 40% of the older-onset diabetes, and 22.6% of those without diabetes at cohort entry died. In multivariable adjusted analyses, compared to a BMI of 18.5-<25 kg/m², HRs (95% CIs) were 4.10 (1.65-10.18), 0.69 (0.54-0.88), 0.81 (0.63-1.05), 0.64 (0.48-0.86) and 0.64 (0.54-0.77) for BMI categories <18.5, 25-<30 30-<35, 35-<40, 40+ kg/m² in those with young-onset diabetes. Corresponding HRs (95% CIs) were 2.02 (1.54-2.67), 0.74 (0.68-0.80), 0.74 (0.68-0.80), 0.83 (0.75-0.91) and 1.09 (0.99-1.19) in those with older-onset diabetes, and 1.50 (1.36-1.67), 0.76 (0.73-0.79), 0.73 (0.70-0.77), 0.83 (0.78-0.89) and 1.03 (0.95-1.10) in those without diabetes. Results were generally similar in analyses stratified by smoking status, gender, race and among those on insulin therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among this low socioeconomic status population with diabetes, overweight and obesity tend to be inversely associated with mortality. Risk factors for complications of diabetes other than BMI may be more clinically relevant when treating patients with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1195-1206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation of the Effects of Shenling Baizhu San, Quzhi Ruangan Fang and Gexia Zhuyu Tang on the Intestinal Flora of Rats with NAFLD.","authors":"Jia Guo, Anhua Shi, Yanhong Sun, Shunzhen Zhang, Xiaoyi Feng, Yifan Chen, Zheng Yao","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S507039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S507039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we investigated the effect of Shenling Baizhu San(SLBZS), Quzhi Ruangan Fang(QZRGF) and Gexia Zhuyu Tang(GXZYT) on the intestinal flora of NAFLD rats through network pharmacology and experimental validation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Protein-protein interaction, Gene Ontology (GO), and molecular docking were performed. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 6 groups: Normal, Model, SLBZS (7.2g/kg), QZRGF (27.72g/kg), GXZYT (28.8 g/kg) and positive control (Fenofibrate, 18mg/kg); the NAFLD model was established by High-fat diet. After one week of acclimatisation feeding consecutively, continuous gavage was given for 8 W and 12 W. Serum, liver and faeces were collected and biochemical and pathological indices were determined. The diversity and abundance of intestinal flora were also analyzed using 16S rDNA amplified sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 132 active ingredients were obtained from the screening results of SLBZS. A total of 202 active ingredients were obtained from the screening results of GXZYT. The screening results of QZRGF obtained 34 active ingredients. Nine common hub genes were screened from the PPI network. GO functional analysis reported that these targets were mainly closely related to the response to bacterial molecules. The molecular docking results indicated that the 11 core constituents in three compound prescriptions has good binding ability with MAPK1, AKT1, CASP3, FOS, TP53, STAT3, MAPK3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Chinese herbal compounds SLBZS, QZRGF and GXZYT may exert lipid-lowering effects through multi-components, multi-targets and multi-methods for the treatment of NAFLD while improving the diversity and abundance of the intestinal flora of the rats, and the best effect was achieved with SLBZS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1165-1194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FGF1 as a New Promising Therapeutic Target in Type 2 Diabetes: Advances in Research and Clinical Trials.","authors":"Tiansheng Bu, Xiaojuan Gao, Ruina Zhang, Ying Xu","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S505285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S505285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a global health crisis, characterized by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances. Current treatments, such as insulin and metformin, often fail to address the dual challenges of β-cell preservation and insulin resistance, leading to suboptimal long-term outcomes. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) has recently gained attention as a new promising therapeutic target due to its unique ability to regulate glucose homeostasis, enhance insulin sensitivity, and protect β-cells without inducing hypoglycemia. This review critically examines the mechanisms of FGF1 action, including its signaling pathways, interactions with metabolic regulators, and roles in key organs involved in glucose metabolism. Additionally, we summarize findings from preclinical and clinical studies and evaluate the challenges associated with its therapeutic application, including pharmacokinetic limitations, delivery strategies, and long-term safety concerns. By addressing these issues, FGF1 holds the potential to advance beyond symptom management to become a disease-modifying therapy for T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1137-1149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Different Time in Target Glucose Range in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Ping Yang, Shudong Liu, Liyan Li","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S510628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S510628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) indices and time in target glucose range (TIR) in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-eight elderly T2DM patients were divided into the low-TIR (TIR≤70%) and high-TIR groups (TIR>70%). The two groups' clinical variables, neuropsychological scale scores, and rs-fMRI scan data were collected. The rs-fMRI including low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo). The changes and the interrelationships of these indicators were analyzed in the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the high-TIR group, disease duration, blood urea nitrogen, urine microalbumin were significantly greater (P<0.01) diastolic blood pressure and albumin were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the low TIR group. In the low-TIR group, the Cerebelum_Crus2_R ReHo value was significantly increased (voxel p<0.001, cluster p<0.05), the Frontal_Inf_Orb_R ReHo value was significantly decreased, the Cerebelum_Crus2_R and Frontal_Mid_L ALFF values were significantly increased, the Temporal_Sup_L and Precuneus_R ALFF values were significantly decreased; the Lingual_L fALFF value was significantly decreased. Increased ReHo values in differential brain regions between the low and high TIR groups were positively correlated with HbA1c (P = 0.042), and decreased ReHo values were significantly negatively correlated with HbA1c (P=0.026) and urine microalbumin (P=0.005) levels. Decreased ALFF values in differential brain regions were significantly negatively correlated with the basal C-peptide level (p=0.007) and significantly positively correlated with the basal Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (p = 0.048).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ReHO, ALFF, and fALFF value differences were present between the low and high TIR groups. Elderly T2DM patients in the low-TIR group were more susceptible to impaired brain function, which presented mainly as abnormal reduction in and activation of functional activity in some temporal lobes, frontal lobes, and occipital lobes in the resting state, and more significant when glycemic control is poorer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1151-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Chronotype and Weight Change Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Xinya Lin, Xiaodan Kuang, Shiyun Ding, Liuhong Tian, Jiaming Fang, Shulei Chen, Hongying Shi, Xiaofeng Jin","doi":"10.2147/DMSO.S504151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S504151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study analyzed the differences in weight change among medical students with different chronotypes and evaluated the association between chronotype and weight change after controlling for confounders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using proportional stratified cluster random sampling, 1300 medical students (excluding freshmen) were selected from April to September 2021. Chronotype was assessed with the Chinese version of MEQ-5 questionnaire, categorized into five groups: definite morning, moderate morning, intermediate, moderate evening, and definite evening. The primary outcome was weight change value (kg), the difference between current weight and weight at admission; the secondary outcome was weight gain (≥10% increase from admission weight). Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the independent association between chronotype, weight change value, and weight gain, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1300 medical students, the proportion of definite morning, moderate morning, intermediate, moderate evening, and definite evening chronotype were 14.08%, 12.38%, 28.92%, 31.46%, 13.15%, respectively. Definite evening-type students had worse sleep quality, shorter sleep duration, more late-night snacks, higher satiety, and lower breakfast frequency (<i>P</i><0.05). Compared to definite morning-type medical students, those with moderate morning, intermediate, moderate evening and definite evening chronotype showed an increasing trend of weight change (<i>P</i>=0.044), with definite evening-type students gaining 0.88 kg on average (95% CI: 0.10, 1.65), consistent after adjusting for confounders. The association between chronotype and weight gain was similar although not statistically significant (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 0.72, 5.36). Evening chronotype with dinner ≥ 6 PM had the highest odds of weight gain compared to morning chronotype with dinner before 6 PM (OR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.07, 5.50).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Definite evening chronotype was associated with greater weight increase and higher odds of weight gain among medical students, especially when dinner ≥ 6 PM. These findings highlight the importance of morning chronotype and early dinner for weight control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11116,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1125-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}