Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Effects of financial stress on drinking amount and price paid: Australian longitudinal household data.","authors":"Alexandra Torney, Robin Room, Nicholas Taylor, Sarah Callinan","doi":"10.1111/add.70606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>This study estimated within-household differences in alcohol consumption, alcohol expenditure, price paid per standard drink and the proportion of household expenditure spent on alcohol between periods with and without financial stress. It also estimated whether these outcomes differed in the year after households no longer met criteria for financial stress.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal household panel study using repeated annual observations from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, with within-household comparisons across periods with and without financial stress.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Australia.</p><p><strong>Participants/cases: </strong>Approximately 11 000 households contributing 143 168 household-year observations across 16 annual survey waves.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Financial stress was measured using household reports of difficulty meeting basic financial obligations. Outcomes were price paid per standard drink, weekly household alcohol consumption, weekly household alcohol expenditure and the proportion of weekly household expenditure spent on alcohol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During periods of financial stress, households paid less per standard drink [ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.86-0.88], consumed more alcohol (ratio = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.04-1.05) and spent less on alcohol overall (ratio = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.94-0.95) than during periods without financial stress. Similar patterns were observed in the year after financial stress, and there was no evidence that the proportion of household expenditure spent on alcohol differed during or after financial stress.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In Australian households, periods of financial stress appear to be associated with lower alcohol expenditure, higher alcohol consumption and lower price paid per standard drink than periods without financial stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the sex ratio of cannabis use, harms and perceptions among youth in Ontario, Canada, 1999 to 2023.","authors":"Justin Matheson, Angela Boak, Huan Jiang, Yeshambel T Nigatu, Tara Elton-Marshall, Sergio Rueda, Farihah Ali, Dafna Sara Rubin-Kahana, Liisa A M Galea, Hayley A Hamilton, Jürgen Rehm, Bernard Le Foll, Sameer Imtiaz","doi":"10.1111/add.70607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Cannabis use has historically been more prevalent among men and boys compared with women and girls, yet growing evidence has suggested a recent narrowing of the sex/gender gap. Our goal was to examine changes in the sex gap in cannabis use, harms and perceptions in Ontario, Canada.</p><p><strong>Design, setting and participants: </strong>Observational study using data sourced from the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS; 1999-2023), a biennial, cross-sectional, population-based, school-based survey of students in Ontario, Canada (n = 106 815).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Our exposure measure was sex at birth (binary male/female measure). Outcomes included indicators of use (cannabis use initiation before Grade 9, cannabis use during the past month, daily cannabis use during the past month and cannabis use during the past 12 months), indicators of harms (cannabis dependence symptoms during the past 3 months and driving after using cannabis during the past 12 months) and perceptions (perceived ease of obtaining cannabis and perceived great risk of harm associated with regular cannabis smoking). Male-to-female ratios (MFRs) of the prevalence of these outcomes were calculated, with trends analyzed using joinpoint regression. An MFR < 1 indicated that the outcome is higher in females.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most indicators of cannabis use decreased overall among male and female youth. MFRs statistically significantly decreased between 1999 and 2023 for cannabis use during the past month [Average Biennial Percentage Change: -1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -2.4 to -0.3], daily cannabis use during the past month (-6.3, 95% CI = -10.0 to -2.4) and cannabis use during the past 12 months (-2.6, 95% CI = -4.5 to -0.6), with all indicating a higher prevalence among female youth compared with male youth in 2023 (though these were higher in male youth in nearly all other years). A similar trend was found for perceived ease of obtaining cannabis (-1.2, 95% CI = -1.9 to -0.5), whereas MFRs for perceived great risk of harm associated with regular cannabis smoking, cannabis use initiation before Grade 9, cannabis dependence symptoms during the past 3 months and driving after using cannabis during the past 12 months did not statistically significantly change and were higher among males compared with females between 1999 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The sex ratio in prevalence of cannabis use appears to have declined among Ontario youth from 1999 to 2023, indicating greater prevalence of cannabis use among female youth in recent years, though this trend needs to be replicated with future data waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial health and hazardous alcohol use among 50- to 70-year-olds: A cross-sectional latent profile analysis in south-east Melbourne, Australia.","authors":"Rose Laing, Ting Xia, Tina Lam, Paul Dietze, Bosco Rowland, Nadine Andrew, Louisa Picco, Suzanne Nielsen","doi":"10.1111/add.70603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70603","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;We aimed to use Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles of psychosocial health among adults aged 50-70 years in Victoria, Australia, to identify predictors of profile membership and determine if profile membership is associated with differences in hazardous alcohol consumption.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional exploratory study using observational data from the Beyond 50 longitudinal cohort collected between September 2023 and July 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Victoria, Australia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Eligible participants were aged 50-70 years and residing in the Frankston or Mornington Peninsula Local Government Areas. Their recent alcohol use was comparable to the wider Australian population (past 12-month use 85.2% cohort vs. 84.4% age-matched national estimate). The cohort consisted of 1059 adults (47% female and 53% males) aged 50-70 years [mean 61.0, standard deviation (SD) 6.0], representing 1.2% of the local target population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;University of California Loneliness Scale 4-item (UCLA-LS-4), Duke Social Support Index (DSSI), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-C). Low social connection was defined as limited social interaction and support alongside high loneliness. Poor mental health was reflected in elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Four psychosocial profiles were identified, reflecting differing levels of social connection and mental health: (1) low social connection with good mental health, (2) socially connected with good mental health, (3) low social connection with poor mental health and (4) socially connected with poor mental health. People who were younger [odds ratio (OR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.85-0.94] and had lower educational attainment (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.34-0.58) were more likely to belong to the profile 'low social connection, poor mental health' than 'socially connected, good mental health'. The profile 'low social connection, good mental health' showed the lowest probability (0.04) of receiving a positive screen for hazardous alcohol consumption (an AUDIT-C score of 3/4 or higher for men/women), with the profile 'socially connected, poor mental health' having the highest (0.20). The overall chi-squared (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) test indicated statistically significant differences in the distribution of the risk of hazardous alcohol consumption across profiles [χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 21.15 (6), P &lt; 0.05].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;Latent profiles of psychosocial health appear to be statistically significantly associated with differences in alcohol consumption among adults aged 50-70 years in Victoria, Australia. The profile 'socially connected, poor mental health' has the highest probability of hazardous alcohol consumption, while 'low social connection and good men","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance use and related problems in Nigeria: Research and policy perspectives.","authors":"Ediomo-Ubong E Nelson, Isidore S Obot","doi":"10.1111/add.70594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To provide an overview and critical analysis of substance use and related problems in Nigeria within an evolving sub-regional and regional markets and policy landscapes. The analysis covers epidemiology, prevention, treatment and harm reduction as well as policy and research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis is based on narrative synthesis of available academic and grey literature, policy documents and relevant reports produced by government and non-governmental organizations. This synthesis captures trends in substance use, describes prevention and treatment programmes, analyses trends in policy and comments on the state of addiction science in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is a long history of consumption of psychoactive substances in Nigeria. Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use were seen as problems to be addressed before independence in 1960. Cocaine and heroin joined the list as a spillover effect of their trafficking through West African countries to western markets beginning in the 1980s. A recent trend is the rise in the use of synthetic substances (opioids, stimulants and depressants) across West Africa. The rising problem of substance use has evoked a response from government and civil society in the form of substance use prevention, treatment services for substance use disorders and essential harm reduction services for people who inject substances or consume opioids. Yet, these services are insufficient and people who use substances face barriers to accessing treatment and harm reduction. Despite some reforms, especially implementation of essential harm reduction services, enforcement-based approaches remain dominant in Nigeria's policy as in most African countries. Commendably, mechanisms have been established to collate data on substance use and related harms at regional and sub-regional levels, which has helped to shape public health responses to substance use at country level. Nigeria has also conducted national surveys of substance use, with support from international partners. Nevertheless, data collection remains irregular and more qualitative studies are needed to provide insights into contextual factors shaping substance use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rising level of substance use in Nigeria highlights the importance of a balanced and comprehensive policy that prioritizes demand and harm reduction measures. This requires funding for research to generate evidence to inform and shape interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework to determine naloxone saturation with simulation modeling and cost-effectiveness methods.","authors":"Zongbo Li, Leah C Shaw, Carolyn J Park, Alexander Y Walley, Czarina N Behrends, Bruce R Schackman, Brandon D L Marshall, Xiao Zang","doi":"10.1111/add.70599","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Jurisdictions lack practical tools to determine data-informed naloxone saturation targets that account for local overdose dynamics and resource constraints. We aimed to introduce a generalizable framework that integrates simulation modeling with cost-effectiveness principles to identify local naloxone saturation targets, using Rhode Island, USA, as a case study.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We applied a previously developed simulation model to project annual opioid overdose deaths (OODs) in 2026 under a range of annual distribution scenarios. We then used these projections to calculate the number of additional kits required to avert one OOD and compared this metric against hypothetical decision-maker thresholds.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Rhode Island, USA.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Simulated population at risk for OOD.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Analogous to cost-effectiveness analysis, we defined the 'cost-effectiveness' of naloxone distribution as the number of additional kits required (analogous to 'incremental cost') to avert one additional OOD (analogous to 'incremental effect'). Projected annual OODs in 2026; additional number of naloxone kits required to avert one additional OOD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the case study, kits-per-death-averted increased with distribution levels, from 761 kits per OOD averted at 60 000 kits distributed annually to 16 836 kits per OOD averted at 280 000 kits distributed annually. Hypothetical thresholds of 5000 and 10 000 kits per OOD averted corresponded to saturation targets of approximately 194 000 and 243 000 kits distributed annually, respectively. A hypothetical cost-per-life-saved threshold of $1 500 000 per life saved corresponds to 238 800 kits distributed annually.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This framework provides a scalable, data-driven approach to set evidence-based naloxone saturation targets based on US state-specific budgetary constraints and public health considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-related fatal poisoning in Australia, 2016 to 2025: Trends, characteristics and toxicology.","authors":"Shane Darke, Johan Duflou, Agata Chrzanowska, Michael Farrell, Julia Lappin, Amy Peacock","doi":"10.1111/add.70613","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine: (1) Population rates of fatal methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-related poisoning over the period 2016-2023, years with high closure rates in the National Coronial Information System (NDIS); (2) the case characteristics of known cases of fatal MDMA-related poisoning, 2016-2025; and (3) whether there have been changes in case characteristics of known fatal cases in the period pre-COVID (2016-2019), COVID (2020-2022) and post-COVID (2023-2025).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective study of fatal MDMA-related poisonings in Australia retrieved from the NCIS, 2016-2025 [Correction added on 28 September 2026, after first online publication: In the previous sentence, \"NDIS\" has been changed to \"NCIS\".].</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Australia-wide.</p><p><strong>Cases: </strong>217 cases of fatal MDMA-related poisoning.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Population rates, case characteristics, circumstances of death, toxicology, major autopsy findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant increasing trend in the population rate over 2016-2019 [annual percentage change (APC) = 61.52], and a statistically significant decreasing trend over 2019-2023 (APC = -26.72). The mean age was 33.5 years, and males comprised 170 cases (78.3%). In 179 cases (82.5%) the cause of death was attributed to multiple drug toxicity. The fatal incident occurred in a private setting in 171 cases (78.8%), with 16 (7.4%) occurring at a music festival. The median MDMA blood concentration was 0.41 mg/l (range 0.00-25.0 mg/l). Cases in which death was attributed solely to MDMA toxicity had a higher median MDMA concentration than multiple drug toxicity deaths (1.7 vs. 0.30 mg/l). Psychoactive drugs other than MDMA were detected in 199 cases (91.7%), most commonly other psychostimulants (147, 67.7%) and opioids (98, 45.2%). Cardiomegaly was diagnosed in 33 cases (16.6%) in which the heart was examined, and severe coronary artery disease in 27 (13.6%). There were no statistically significant differences across time periods in age, sex, substance use issues, injecting drug use, intentionality, MDMA concentrations or diagnoses of cardiomegaly.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>While death rates in Australia from methylenedioxymethamphetamine-related poisoning have declined from 2019, case characteristics have remained relatively stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149014926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating the Gaming Disorder Identification Test in English, Chinese, Dutch and Indonesian.","authors":"Gary Chung Kai Chan, Daniel Stjepanović, John B Saunders, Stephanie Fong, Anne Marije Kaag, Jiang Long, Caitlin McClure-Thomas, Kristiana Siste, Wim van den Brink, Pim Widdershoven, Min Zhao, Na Zhong, Janni Leung","doi":"10.1111/add.70602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70602","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aims: &lt;/strong&gt;Gaming disorder has been formally recognised in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11), but purpose-designed and internationally validated screening tools remain limited. We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Gaming Disorder Identification Test (GADIT) to screen for past 12 months gaming disorder across multiple languages and countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Cross-sectional multi-country online survey.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;1522 adults aged ≥18 who played video games at least 3 hours per week (303 from Australia; 314 from China; 300 from Indonesia; 303 from the Netherlands; and 302 from the USA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;The (English) GADIT is an eight-item self-report questionnaire based on a selection from 25 items measuring the four ICD-11 essential features of gaming disorder. The 25 items were translated into Chinese, Dutch and Indonesian. We conducted: (1) four item response theory (IRT) analyses and reliability assessments for the items of each of the four ICD-11 criteria for gaming disorder based using the 25 items (inclusive of the eight GADIT items); (2) a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis across countries using the 8 GADIT items (2 from each ICD criterion, same selection across all countries); (3) six separate IRT analyses for each of the five countries and one analysis for all countries combined using the 8 GADIT items; and (4) validity tests of the association between GADIT and measures with an expected correlation with it, including the Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10 total score), depression score (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), anxiety score (GAD-2), gaming intensity (high/low) and gaming-related financial problems (yes/no).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Items measuring the four gaming disorder criteria had good internal consistency (α ≥ 0.85). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis of the 8 items indicated factor loading invariance across countries [χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(28) = 19.36, P = 0.886; root mean square error of approximation = 0.054; comparative fit index = 0.986; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.984]. There was lower sensitivity for the physical complaint items in China and Indonesia compared with Australia, Netherlands and USA. Overall, the 8-item GADIT had strong concurrent validity with the IGDT-10 [regression coefficient (b) = 0.67, coefficient of determination (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) = 52%] and was statistically significantly associated with depression (b = 0.38, R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 21%), anxiety (b = 0.35, R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 20%), gaming intensity [odds ratio (OR) = 3.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.72-3.60] and gaming-related financial problems (OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 2.70-3.59).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;The 8-item Gaming Disorder Identification Test screening tool in Chinese, Dutch and Indonesian translation generally demonstrates robust psychometric properties and high validity, but","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of perceived access to cannabis in the association between friends who use cannabis and adolescent initiation: A longitudinal analysis from the Canadian COMPASS study","authors":"Marie-Pierre Sylvestre,&nbsp;Laurence Boulanger,&nbsp;Annie Pelekanakis,&nbsp;Mounia Naja,&nbsp;Guillaume Dubé,&nbsp;Isabelle Doré,&nbsp;Richard E. Bélanger,&nbsp;Slim Haddad,&nbsp;Scott T. Leatherdale","doi":"10.1111/add.70490","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70490","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Early initiation to cannabis use in adolescence is linked to cognitive and mental health risks. Having friends who use cannabis is a strong risk factor for initiation, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. This study examined the role of perceived ease of access to cannabis in the association between close friends' cannabis use and cannabis initiation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Observational longitudinal investigation using data from the COMPASS study.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A convenience sample of 11 high schools in Québec, Canada, from 2017 to 2019.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;1768 students who had not initiated cannabis use before 2019.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Having ≥1 close friend who uses cannabis and perceived ease of access to cannabis were measured in 2018, while cannabis initiation in the past 12 months was assessed in 2019. Covariates measured in 2017 included sociodemographic factors, substance use history, lifestyle behaviors and school-related variables. We compared the risk of cannabis initiation across groups defined jointly by friends' cannabis use and perceived access. Generalised estimating equations with bootstrap resampling, inverse probability weighting for attrition and multiple imputation for missing data were used to estimate these associations. Natural effect models were then applied to estimate total, direct and indirect effects with initiation as the outcome and perceived access as the mediator.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Within the COMPASS cohort, 14% of cannabis-naive adolescents in 2018 initiated use in 2019. Using students with no close friends who use cannabis and who perceive access as difficult as the reference group, the risk difference (RD) for having at least one friend who uses cannabis while still perceiving access as difficult was 3.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) = −3.8 to 10.2]. Perceiving access as easy but having no friends who use cannabis yielded an RD of 8.4 (95% CI = 3.0–13.7). Friends' cannabis use combined with easy access acted synergistically, producing an RD of 21.6 (95% CI = 15.5–27.7). According to the natural effect models, perceived ease of access mediated about 39% of the association between having ≥1 close friend who uses cannabis and subsequent initiation, suggesting a possible explanatory pathway.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"121 10","pages":"2757-2767"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change of substance-related hospitalisation in adolescents after cannabis legalisation in Thailand in 2022","authors":"Sirada Puetpaiboon,&nbsp;Songyos Rajborirug,&nbsp;Vorthunju Nakhonsri,&nbsp;Chumpol Ngamphiw,&nbsp;Peerapat Khunkham,&nbsp;Sissades Tongsima,&nbsp;Watcharapot Janpoung,&nbsp;Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong","doi":"10.1111/add.70484","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70484","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;On 9 June 2022, Thailand changed its cannabis legislation, expanding access to individuals aged &gt;18 years. Evidence suggests that such changes could increase the risk of cannabis use and related harms, and could influence patterns of use of other substances among adolescents. This study measured the potential impact of these legislative changes on adolescent substance-related hospital admissions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;An interrupted time-series study to assess the impact of cannabis legalisation on substance-related hospitalisations using anonymised admission records from the Thai Health Information Portal.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Nationwide study in Thailand spanning from 1 October 2016 to 30 September 2023, with 9 June 2022 marking cannabis legalisation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Participants/cases&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Adolescents aged 10–19 years in Thailand.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Based on International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnostic codes, hospitalisation records were classified as relevant or irrelevant to each of eight predefined substance categories: stimulants (excluding cocaine), alcohol, cannabis, sedatives (including opioids and narcotics), volatile solvents, nicotine, hallucinogens and cocaine.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;There were an additional 25.5 weekly cannabis-related hospitalisations (95% prediction interval = 23.5–27.2) compared with counterfactual predictions, resulting in 1762 excess cases over the 68-week post-legalisation period. Statistically significant excess admissions were also observed for stimulants, nicotine, volatile solvents and hallucinogens, corresponding to additional admissions of 9.1, 1.4, 0.5 and 0.5 per week, respectively (95% prediction intervals = 0.3–15.4, 0.4–2.1, 0.3–0.7 and 0.2–0.7, respectively). No statistically significant changes were observed for alcohol-, sedative- or cocaine-related hospitalisations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cannabis legalisation in Thailand was followed by a marked rise in adolescent hospitalisations related to cannabis, alongside an increase in stimulant-, nicotine-, volatile solvent- and halluci","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"121 10","pages":"2768-2779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.70484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147985730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis consumer responses to the concept of standard THC units","authors":"Mark Pawson,&nbsp;Mike Vuolo,&nbsp;Brian C. Kelly","doi":"10.1111/add.70515","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70515","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Within a context of considerable cannabis market expansion and product diversification, cannabis consumers must manage their use across a range of potencies and modes of consumption. This study aimed to provide deeper understandings of how cannabis consumers would perceive the introduction of a standard THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) unit system.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Qualitative study.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;United States, 2023–2024.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Adult cannabis consumers (n = 50) across criminalized and legalized cannabis states.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Within a study focused on the experiences of dosing cannabis among adults in contexts of evolving cannabis markets with product diversification, subjects were provided with a description of a standard THC unit and with the analog of a standard drink. They were then asked about their perceptions of a standard THC unit. Interviewers probed for personal attitudes, practical utility and potential for reducing harm.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Broadly, cannabis consumers were enthusiastic about the introduction of a standard THC unit system, although a minority expressed some skepticism about how it would be implemented. Standard THC units were viewed as most beneficial for novices and infrequent consumers, although some experienced consumers indicated it would be valuable for tolerance management and avoiding dependence. It was also seen as valuable for avoiding risks related to driving under the influence and overconsumption.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Standard metrics for cannabis consumption may be received with enthusiasm from cannabis consumers. Experienced consumers indicated they would have benefited from a standard THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) unit when initiating cannabis use and highly recommended it for novices. It was also viewed as an opportunity to manage risks. Successful implementation would require managing misunderstandings about the concept of a standard THC unit as well as how regular, experienced consumers would incorporate such a metric into established consumption routines.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"121 10","pages":"2747-2756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.70515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}