Addiction最新文献

{"title":"State sequence analysis of daily methadone dispensing trajectories among individuals at United States opioid treatment programs before and following COVID-19 onset","authors":"Ignacio Bórquez, Arthur R. Williams, Mei-Chen Hu, Marc Scott, Maureen T. Stewart, Lexa Harpel, Nicole Aydinoglo, Magdalena Cerdá, John Rotrosen, Edward V. Nunes, Noa Krawczyk","doi":"10.1111/add.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>US regulatory changes allowed for additional methadone take-home doses following COVID-19 onset. How dispensing practices changed and which factors drove variation remains unexplored. We determined daily methadone dispensing trajectories over six months before and after regulatory changes due to COVID-19 using state sequence analysis and explored correlates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective chart review of electronic health records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Settings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine opioid treatment programs (OTPs) across nine US states.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults initiating treatment in 2019 (<i>n</i> = 328) vs. initiating 1 month after the COVID-19 regulatory changes of March 2020 (<i>n</i> = 376).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Type of daily methadone medication encounter (in-clinic, weekend/holiday take-home, take-home, missed dose, discontinued) based on OTP clinic; cohort (pre vs. post-COVID-19); and patient substance use, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following COVID-19 regulatory changes, allotted methadone take-home doses increased from 3.5% to 13.8% of total person-days in treatment within the first 6 months in care. Clinic site accounted for the greatest variation in methadone dispensing (6.2% and 9.5% of the variation of discrepancy between sequences pre- and post-COVID-19, respectively). People who co-use methamphetamine had a greater increase in take-homes than people who did not use methamphetamine (from 3.7% pre-pandemic to 21.2% post-pandemic vs. 3.5% to 12.5%) and higher discontinuation (average 3.6 vs. 4.7 months among people who did not use methamphetamine pre-COVID-19; average 3.3 vs. 4.6 months post-COVID-19). In the post-COVID-19 cohort, females had a higher proportion of missed doses (17.2% vs. 11.9%) than males. People experiencing houselessness had a higher proportion of missed doses (19% vs. 12.3%) and shorter stays (average 3.5 vs. 4.5 months) when compared with those with stable housing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Daily methadone dispensing trajectories in the US both before and following COVID-19 regulatory changes appeared to depend more on the opioid treatment programs' practices than individual patient characteristics or response to treatment.</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 6","pages":"1207-1222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the impact of a large-scale opioid agonist treatment program on suicide prevention in New South Wales, Australia: A data-modeling study.","authors":"Thomas James Santo, Antoine Chaillon, Natasha Martin, Matthew Hickman, Nicola Jones, Michael Farrell, Chrianna Bharat, Louisa Degenhardt, Annick Borquez","doi":"10.1111/add.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to quantify the population-level impact of a large-scale opioid agonist treatment (OAT) program on suicide-related mortality among people with opioid use disorder (OUD) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is the first study to use dynamic mathematical modeling to explore the population-level impact of OAT on suicide mortality. The study used a two-part approach. First, we analyzed cohort data (2001-2017) to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and other model parameters related to OAT and suicide risk. Second, findings were applied to model outputs to estimate suicides averted by the NSW OAT program (2001-2020).</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>A cohort of 46 845 individuals who received OAT between 2001 and 2017 in community and prison settings in New South Wales, Australia.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>IRRs for suicide and other model parameters were calculated for individuals on versus off OAT in community and prison settings (2001-2017). These estimates, along with model outputs, were used to determine the number and proportion of suicides averted by the OAT program (2001-2020).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Receiving OAT was associated with an IRR for suicide of 0.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.25-0.40] in the community and 0.34 (95% CI = 0.10-1.10) in prison for cohort data analyses (2001-2017). Between 2001 and 2020, the OAT program in NSW averted an estimated 338 suicides [95% credible interval (CrI) = 213-492), with 325 (95% CrI = 202-476) averted in the community and 13 (95% CrI = 0-46) in prison, corresponding to a 35% (95% CrI = 27%-43%) reduction in suicides among those accessing OAT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The opioid agonist treatment program in New South Wales, Australia, was associated with a 35% reduction in suicide mortality among individuals with opioid use disorder receiving treatment between 2001 and 2020, providing novel evidence of its population-level impact on suicide prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Deaths of despair’: A term that needs to be retired","authors":"Shane Darke,&nbsp;Michael Farrell,&nbsp;Wayne Hall,&nbsp;Julia Lappin","doi":"10.1111/add.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70030","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The term ‘deaths of despair’ gained a great deal of currency as shorthand for three causes of death—drug overdoses, suicides and alcohol-related liver disease [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. In 2015, Case and Deaton [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] noted that life expectancy in the United State declined between 1999 and 2013 and that this was attributable to large increases in deaths from these three causes. These collectively came to be described as ‘deaths attributable to despair’ [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]. As they later noted, what began as a descriptive tag resonated with the media and captured the interest of many researchers [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. We believe that the term is well intentioned but mistaken in theory, of doubtful validity, and misleading in its implications for policies likely to reduce premature death.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term ‘deaths of despair’ collates deaths caused by substance poisoning, suicide and alcohol-related disease to form a distinct epidemiological phenomenon driven by cumulative economic disadvantage [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]. Socio-economic factors such as high unemployment and a loss of traditional social structures are argued to be responsible for a high level of societal despair. This despair is proposed to be the common factor driving substance poisoning, suicide and alcohol-related disease. Since its postulation in the United States, the terminology has been used across a range of other jurisdictions including Eastern Europe, the United Kingdom and Canada [&lt;span&gt;3-5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are undoubtedly commonalities between events such as overdose, suicide and harmful alcohol use, which include social deprivation and trauma, and the term does serve to highlight such deprivation. A simple interpretation of the term that suggests a common entity and a central causal role for despair, however, does not capture the complexity of these phenomena. Let us first consider substance use and overdose. There is little evidence that despair is the primary driver of the initiation of substance use, its continuation, dependent use or overdose. Certainly, self-medication plays a role in problematic substance use, but the initiation of drug use involves a complex range of factors. Foremost in the United States was a massive increase in the prescribing and promotion of opioids in the 1990s [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. Individual risks play important roles, and include impulsivity, attitudes and one's social network [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. Once use has commenced, dependence becomes its own driver of continued use, involving a range of psychological, behavioural, social and physiological signs and symptoms [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. For drugs such as the opioids or hypnosedatives, tolerance and withdrawal are powerful motivators for continued use [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. There are a range of well-established risk factors for overdose including a history of overdose, dependence, higher drug purity/doses, the concomitant consumption of other drugs, reinstatement after a period of abstinence and injection as a ro","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 6","pages":"1072-1074"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impacts of e-cigarette flavours: An overview of systematic reviews","authors":"Jonathan Livingstone-Banks,&nbsp;Nargiz Travis,&nbsp;Monserrat Conde,&nbsp;Yixian (Crystal) Chen,&nbsp;Padmo Zi,&nbsp;Holly Jarman,&nbsp;Nicola Lindson,&nbsp;Jamie Hartmann-Boyce","doi":"10.1111/add.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>E-cigarette flavours have the potential to impact the appeal, harms and use of e-cigarettes and combustible tobacco. Systematic reviews have synthesised evidence on their impacts but have always focused on specific outcomes or populations. This overview aimed to draw together syntheses from past systematic reviews of e-cigarette flavours to provide a holistic, population-wide view.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overview of systematic reviews investigating the impacts of e-cigarette flavours on any outcome. We searched six databases to February 2024, and appraised reviews using AMSTAR2. We used association direction plots and narratively synthesised results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 32 reviews (11 higher quality; 21 lower). Reviews reported impacts of e-cigarette flavours on: appeal/perceptions of vaping (13 reviews); harms (12); smoking (7); and vaping (13) behaviours. Availability of non-tobacco e-cigarette flavours may increase the appeal of (8 reviews) and motivation to try/continue using e-cigarettes (5) and decrease harm perceptions (5). There were no clear differences in impacts based on age or history of combustible tobacco use, and little difference in findings between higher and lower quality reviews. Two reviews indicated that among adolescents, experimenting with different flavours increased e-cigarette appeal. Twelve reviews indicated that a range of specific flavours (including cinnamon, menthol and various sweet/fruity flavours) may be harmful; this often came from in vitro experiments and chemical analyses. Findings were inconclusive on the impact of e-cigarette flavours on smoking cessation (six reviews not showing clear impact), smoking initiation (two reviews not showing clear impact) and vaping initiation (two reviews showing increased initiation and two not showing clear impact).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-tobacco flavourings for e-cigarettes may increase e-cigarette appeal and harms; this increase may vary by flavour and apply across different population groups. The impacts of e-cigarette flavours on e-cigarette and cigarette use are inconclusive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 7","pages":"1327-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National profile on substance use, substance use-related problems and policy: The case of Chile","authors":"Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia","doi":"10.1111/add.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To provide a comprehensive overview of substance use, related problems, and policy responses in Chile, highlighting epidemiological trends, institutional contexts, and research findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Narrative review of policy documents, published government and academic research, and primary analysis of national drug surveys and administrative data. It estimates trends in substance use prevalence, analyzes the regulatory landscape for tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs, and syntheses the current state of substance use research in Chile.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chile exhibits a high prevalence of substance use, particularly for alcohol and cannabis, compared with other South American countries. Tobacco use has declined since the early 2000s, while alcohol use has remained stable. Cannabis use increased significantly between 2010 and 2016, reaching the highest prevalence in Latin America, but has since declined. While opioids and injecting substances are rare, alcohol and cocaine base paste are responsible for the largest health burden, representing 70% of all publicly funded treatments. Chile has approved and implemented various policy measures, including restrictions on alcohol sales and advertising, smoke-free legislation, and reforms to drug laws that include home cultivation of cannabis for medical purposes. Research on substance use in Chile has increased in recent years, with only a few studies focusing specifically on policy evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although Chile has made progress in implementing evidence-based substance use policies and expanding treatment services, substantial policy evaluation and enforcement gaps remain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 7","pages":"1466-1474"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between buprenorphine doses above 16 milligrams and treatment retention in a multi-payer national sample in the United States, 2014 to 2021","authors":"Erin J. Stringfellow,&nbsp;Huiru Dong,&nbsp;Seyedeh Nazanin Khatami,&nbsp;Hannah Lee,&nbsp;Mohammad S. Jalali","doi":"10.1111/add.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Buprenorphine-naloxone reduces overdose deaths in people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Treatment retention increases with higher daily doses. No national studies exist on retention's association with 24, 32 and 40 mg. This study aimed to: (1) estimate the effect on treatment retention of buprenorphine-naloxone doses between 4 and 40 mg compared with 16; and (2) compare the effect on treatment retention of 24, 32 and 40 mg doses.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Observational cohort study in a national, multi-payer sample of prescription claims (IQVIA) of episodes involving buprenorphine-naloxone for OUD. Incident episodes started between 1 January 2014 and 31 March 2020, with a washout of 180 days. New episodes started with a 14+ day gap between prescriptions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;United States of America.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The sample involved 620 229 episodes across 498 879 patients [42.3% female; mean age 37.9 (standard deviaion: 11.9)] who were dispensed prescriptions of buprenorphine-naloxone for OUD.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The exposure was the maximum daily dose of buprenorphine-naloxone reached in the first 30 days of an episode, ranging from 4 to 40 mg. The outcome, treatment retention, was defined as having an active prescription at 1, 3, 6, 12, or 18 months. Covariates were age, sex, race and ethnicity, primary payer, and year of episode initiation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Daily doses of 24, 32 and 40 mg increased retention compared with 16 mg at 1–18 months [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) range = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14, 1.20 at 18 months to 1.52 (CI = 1.49, 1.54) at 1 month, both for 24 mg]. In pairwise comparisons, 32 mg was favorable to 24 mg at 6, 12 and 18 months [aOR = 1.06 (95% CI = 1.02, 1.10) at 6 months; aOR = 1.09 (95% CI = 1.04, 1.14) at 12 months; aOR = 1.12 (95% CI = 1.06, 1.19) at 18 months], and 40 mg was favorable to 24 mg at 12 and 18 months [aOR = 1.10 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.21) at 12 months; aOR = 1.18 (95% CI = 1.06, 1.30) at 18 months].&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Daily buprenorphine-naloxone doses of 24 mg appear to be associated with increased treatment retention compared with 16 mg and, for 6+ month episodes, 32 and 40 mg appear to be associated with increased","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 6","pages":"1198-1206"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of an organisational change program aimed at increasing smoking cessation support within Australian community managed mental health organisations: A cluster randomised controlled trial","authors":"Laura Twyman,&nbsp;Scott Walsberger,&nbsp;Amanda L. Baker,&nbsp;Sima Ahmadi,&nbsp;Christopher Oldmeadow,&nbsp;Marianne Weber,&nbsp;Sharon Lawn,&nbsp;Marita Hefler,&nbsp;Jennifer Bowman,&nbsp;Philippa Boss,&nbsp;Karina Ko,&nbsp;Alexandra Scott,&nbsp;Brigitte Fienberg,&nbsp;Christina Watts,&nbsp;Alecia Brooks,&nbsp;Rebecca Ireland,&nbsp;Billie Bonevski","doi":"10.1111/add.16733","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16733","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To test the effectiveness of an organisational change intervention aimed at increasing the offer of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in community managed mental health organisations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial with cluster as the unit of randomisation and six- and nine-month follow-up from baseline.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Twelve clusters comprising 26 sites providing community based, psychosocial support to people with severe mental illness in New South Wales, Australia, were randomised to control (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13 sites, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 118 consumers) or intervention (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13 sites, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 139 consumers) arms between 2018 and 2019.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Eligible consumers (aged 16 years and older; self-reported daily or occasional cigarette use) completed surveys at baseline (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 257) and at six- (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 162, 63%) and nine-month follow-up (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 144, 56%).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Intervention&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The intervention included a financial grant, face-to-face and on-line training and proactive monthly support to guide implementation. The active control condition included on-line training and generic, scheduled support via email.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The primary outcome was whether consumers reported receiving an offer of NRT at nine-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes at the consumer, staff and organisational level were also measured.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Consumers in the intervention group had statistically significantly higher odds of being offered NRT at nine-month follow-up compared with control (intention to treat missing = no offer: 38% versus 7%, odds ratio 5.72, 95% confidence interval = 2.2, 14.9). There were no statistically significant differences in seven-day point prevalence or continuous abstinence at six- or nine-month follow-ups.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;An organisational change-based program led to an increase in the offer of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) nine months after program initiation in community managed mental health organisations, compared with active control. There was evidence of greater NRT use in the intervention condition at","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 5","pages":"937-950"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficits in general and smoking-specific response inhibition in the Go/No-Go task in individuals who smoke: A cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Franziska Motka,&nbsp;Simone Kühn,&nbsp;Charlotte E. Wittekind","doi":"10.1111/add.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Previous studies on response inhibition deficits in smoking have often been conducted in small, young, age-homogeneous samples, without controlling for covariates or testing moderating effects. The primary research question compared response inhibition between a large, age-diverse smoking sample and non-smoking controls, and examined whether deficits were exacerbated toward smoking-related stimuli. By accounting for key covariates and moderators, this study aimed to extend understanding of individual differences in response inhibition deficits in smoking.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design and setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cross-sectional study conducted at a university laboratory in Munich, Germany.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The large (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 122, 57% female), age-diverse (&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;age&lt;/sub&gt; = 41.4, range: 21–70 years) smoking group comprised individuals with moderate to severe tobacco dependence participating in a smoking reduction intervention study. Controls comprised &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 69 healthy individuals with no smoking history.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Primary outcomes were commission error (CE) rates and mean reaction times in Go trials (Go-RT) in general and smoking-specific Go/No-Go tasks (GNGTs). Covariates included age, sex and IQ. Smoking-related variables were cigarettes per day (CPD), tobacco dependence severity and craving.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;General GNGT: The smoking group exhibited significantly higher CE rates (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-value &lt; 0.001, medium effect, BF&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; = 9.06) than the control group. Higher craving was associated with faster Go-RTs (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = −1.487, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-value = 0.041). Smoking-specific GNGT: CE rates were significantly higher in the smoking group only when controlling for covariates (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = 1.272, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-value = 0.040). Higher craving was associated with higher CE rates during smoking-related trials (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = 0.108, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-value = 0.010). The smoking group showed significantly faster Go-RTs in response to smoking-related compared with neutral stimuli, relative to the control group (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = −3.326, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-value = 0.027). Preliminary evidence indicated that greater deficits were associated with higher scores in smoking-related variables, but only in older individuals.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 7","pages":"1402-1412"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of cannabidiol alone or in combination with Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for the management of substance use disorders: An umbrella review of the evidence","authors":"Bertrand Redonnet,&nbsp;Filiz Eren,&nbsp;Guillaume Avenin,&nbsp;Maria Melchior,&nbsp;Murielle Mary-Krause","doi":"10.1111/add.16745","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16745","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Substance use disorders (SUD) lead to a high burden of disease, yet treatment options are limited. Cannabidiol (CBD) is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target due to its pharmacological properties and mode of action in the endocannabinoid system. Recent systematic reviews (SR) on CBD and SUDs have shown inconsistent results. The objective of this umbrella review was to determine whether CBD alone or in combination with Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective for managing and treating SUDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following a registered protocol, we searched PubMed, Web of Science and Epistemonikos databases for SRs, with or without a meta-analysis, of randomized controlled trials focusing on interventions dispensing CBD, alone or in combination with THC, to treat SUDs, published from 1 January 2000 to 15 October 2024. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment with the AMSTAR 2 tool were performed by two researchers in parallel and duplicated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>22 SRs were included, 5 of which performed a meta-analysis. We found mixed evidence regarding the efficacy of CBD to manage and treat SUDs. Findings were interpreted in light of the quality of the SRs. Nabiximols, which contains CBD and THC, demonstrated positive effects on cannabis withdrawal and craving symptoms. Evidence supporting the efficacy of CBD is limited and inconclusive for abstinence, reduction or cessation of use of cannabis, tobacco, alcohol, opiates and other psychoactive substances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cannabidiol (CBD) monotherapy does not appear to be efficacious for treatment of substance use disorders. CBD primarily exhibits effects on cannabis withdrawal and craving when combined with Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Existing data on the efficacy of CBD alone with regard to other outcomes related to substance use disorders are limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 5","pages":"813-834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes to our Editorial Team","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/add.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 4","pages":"572"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}