Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Commentary on Andreacchi et al.: Policy responses to shifting epidemiological trends in alcohol use in Canada","authors":"Carolin Kilian, Charlotte Probst","doi":"10.1111/add.16704","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16704","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In their recent study, Andreacchi and colleagues [<span>1</span>] disentangle epidemiological trends in heavy episodic drinking (HED) by age, period and birth cohort, as well as by sex/gender and socio-economic position (SEP) among Canadian adults. Two indicators of SEP were examined, education and household income, and these yielded two distinct socio-economic patterns.</p><p>These patterns reflect a heterogeneous picture that is often observed when examining trends in alcohol use by different indicators of SEP and highlight the importance of acknowledging their differences. The observed income gradient in HED prevalence (i.e. higher prevalences with higher incomes) mirrors the financial resources individuals have available for purchasing alcoholic beverages. Compared to those with low incomes, individuals with high incomes spent a lower proportion of their income on each unit of alcohol, making it more affordable. Education, on the other hand, comprises other aspects potentially underlying drinking decisions, such as drinking opportunities, drinking culture or health literacy, leading to a less distinct socio-economic pattern and additional differences by sex/gender.</p><p>In Canada and elsewhere, low-SEP individuals experience considerably higher alcohol-attributable mortality compared to those with high SEP [<span>2</span>]. This has been observed for both education and income measures [<span>3, 4</span>] and linked to HED [<span>5</span>]. It is thus remarkable that Andreacchi and colleagues did not find corresponding gradients in HED prevalence. On the contrary, HED was found to be lowest in the low-income group, while there was no clear gradient for education. To this end, it should be noted that the HED prevalence presented in this study refers to the entire population. Previous studies, looking at current alcohol users only, found an inverse relationship between SEP and HED [<span>6, 7</span>], indicating a more polarized consumption pattern in low-SEP individuals (i.e. higher prevalences of both abstinence and HED). Moreover, measurement limitations are likely to bias the observed socio-economic patterns. We need to acknowledge that surveys are limited in their ability to reach low-SEP and high-risk drinking groups due to self-selection conditional on alcohol use and SEP, as well as sampling frames excluding very specific populations, such as institutionalized individuals [<span>8</span>].</p><p>Andreacchi and colleagues further found a marked drop in the HED prevalence among all income and education levels in the youngest birth cohort (1990–2009), with the low-education group having the lowest prevalence [<span>1</span>]. Although it remains inconclusive whether this trend and shift in education patterns will continue in younger birth cohorts, it is important to explore possible drivers, such as a potential loss of status of drinking alcohol among the youngest cohorts, as has been observed in European countries [<span>9</span>]. How","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"119 12","pages":"2174-2175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disposable e-cigarettes: Prevalence of use in Germany from 2016 to 2023 and associated user characteristics.","authors":"Stephanie Klosterhalfen, Wolfgang Viechtbauer, Daniel Kotz","doi":"10.1111/add.16675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To provide data on prevalence and trends in the use of different types of e-cigarettes (disposable, pod, tank) in Germany (a country with high smoking prevalence of approximately 30%) from 2016 to 2023, and to analyse the characteristics and smoking behaviours of users of these types.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A series of nationally representative cross-sectional face-to-face household surveys.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>General population of Germany, 2016-2023.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 92 327 people (aged ≥14 years) of which 1398 reported current use of e-cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Type of e-cigarette usually used (single choice: disposable, pod, or tank), person characteristics, and smoking/vaping behaviour.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>E-cigarette use in the population of Germany has increased from 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1,2.2) in 2016 to 2.2% (95% CI = 1.6,3.0) at the end of 2023. Disposable e-cigarette use has increased in this period from 0.1% (95% CI = 0.0,0.3) to 0.8% (95% CI = 0.4,1.8). Pod type use exhibited the most stable trend, with a steady rise to 0.6% (95% CI = 0.4,0.9) in 2023. Tank e-cigarette use peaked at 1.6% (95% CI = 1.3,1.9) in November 2017, declined to 0.7% (95% CI = 0.6,0.9) in December 2020, and has since remained constant at 0.8% (95% CI = 0.6,1.0). Disposable e-cigarette users were on average 3.5 and 4.1 years younger than tank and pod users, respectively. They were more likely than tank users to be female, non-daily users, and dual users of tobacco. In the subgroup of dual users, there were no significant differences with regard to urges to smoke, cigarettes smoked per day, motivation to stop, and attempts to stop smoking between users of disposables and other types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of e-cigarettes has increased in Germany from 2016 to 2023, especially that of disposable e-cigarettes, which are now the most commonly used type with a prevalence rate of 0.8%. However, the use of e-cigarettes is still much lower compared with tobacco smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis use and sleep problems among young adults by mental health status: A prospective cohort study.","authors":"Claire A Walsh, Erin Euler, Lauren A Do, Amy Zheng, Sandrah P Eckel, Bernard L Harlow, Adam M Leventhal, Jessica L Barrington-Trimis, Alyssa F Harlow","doi":"10.1111/add.16705","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Young adult cannabis use is common; while cannabis is often marketed as a product that can improve sleep, evidence supporting these claims is limited, and effects may differ for individuals with underlying mental health issues. This study measured the association between cannabis use and sleep problems among young adults and determined whether associations differ by mental health status.</p><p><strong>Design, setting and participants: </strong>Using two waves of a young adult cohort study (baseline: March-September 2020; follow-up: January-June 2021), we measured the association of cannabis use frequency with subsequent sleep problems overall and stratified by baseline sleep quality and mental health status in separate moderation analyses. This study was conducted in Southern California, USA, and included 1926 participants aged 20-23 years (mean age = 21; 61% female, 46% Hispanic).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Exposure was baseline cannabis use frequency (never use, prior use, 1-5 days/month, 6-19 days/month, ≥ 20 days/month). The outcome was sleep problems at follow-up (range = 4-24, higher score indicating worse sleep). Models were adjusted for socio-demographic factors, baseline sleep problems, mental health symptoms (depression and/or anxiety versus neither) and past 30-day nicotine or alcohol use. In moderation analyses, models were additionally stratified by mental health symptoms and baseline sleep quality (excellent versus imperfect sleep).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Among the young adult sample, 11% used cannabis ≥ 20 days/month at baseline. For participants without baseline anxiety or depression symptoms, using cannabis ≥ 20 days/month (versus never use) was associated with greater sleep problems at follow-up [mean difference (MD) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-2.74]. Among participants with anxiety and/or depression and pre-existing sleep problems at baseline, using cannabis ≥ 20 days/month (versus never use) was associated with fewer sleep problems at follow-up (MD = -1.42, 95% CI = -2.81 to -0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effects of cannabis use on sleep appear to differ by underlying mental health symptoms. Frequent cannabis use may improve sleep for young adults with depression and/or anxiety who have pre-existing sleep problems, but worsen sleep for young adults without depression and/or anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare but relevant: Methamphetamine and Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Julia M Lappin","doi":"10.1111/add.16695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence from a number of paradigms suggests that methamphetamine use is associated with increased risk for the development of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism, and that it may be associated with the premature development of Parkinson's disease. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism is greater in both methamphetamine users and people who previously used methamphetamine, and evidence from animal studies provides a plausible mechanism for this observation. Despite this increased risk, Parkinson's disease is rarely diagnosed in methamphetamine users. Reasons for this may include under-detection, premature mortality, and individual and substance use characteristics which moderate the risk, including higher rates of smoking. Clinicians should be vigilant to signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in methamphetamine users.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Pessar et al.: ‘Downscaling’ United States state cannabis policy to investigate environmental and social impacts on cannabis use","authors":"Jeremy Mennis,&nbsp;Gerald J. Stahler,&nbsp;Michael J. Mason","doi":"10.1111/add.16694","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16694","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Evidence of the negative health effects of cannabis legalization continues to accumulate. The research by Pessar and colleagues [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] joins a small, but growing body of research, which provides evidence that reducing legal restrictions on cannabis is associated with increases in not only adult, but also adolescent, cannabis use prevalence [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. This is of key concern as long-term, frequent cannabis use among adolescents and young adults can affect brain development [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;], potentially impacting cognitive function and the likelihood of developing psychiatric disorders [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Risk for cannabis use disorder (CUD) among those who use cannabis is especially high for adolescents [&lt;span&gt;5, 6&lt;/span&gt;] and, of all age groups in the United States (US), young adults have the highest prevalence of CUD (16.6% of all young adults, 5.6 million people) [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pessar and colleagues [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] offer a key scientific advance by treating state level cannabis policy as a continuous variable that reflects the degree of legal restrictions on cannabis use, cultivation, distribution, advertising and other characteristics [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. This contrasts with the vast majority of cannabis policy impact studies that have used a simple, dichotomous classification of legal versus illegal. Pessar and colleagues' [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] approach, therefore, offers a more sensitive and precise measure of the variation in cannabis policies across the states and, consequently, a greater weight of evidence regarding the impact of liberalizing cannabis policy on the prevalence of cannabis use. The article raises several important additional questions: (1) how do increasingly liberal cannabis policies impact other outcomes besides past-month cannabis use, such as the frequency of use, prevalence of CUD and CUD treatment; (2) which specific cannabis policy changes are most impactful regarding problematic cannabis use, particularly among vulnerable populations such as adolescents and young adults; and (3) what are the mechanisms by which specific cannabis policies impact cannabis use behaviors?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Answering these questions relies on understanding the environmental and social contexts that serve as key pathways by which state level cannabis policies influence cannabis use behaviors for individuals. For instance, legalization of commercial cannabis sales can increase not only access to cannabis but also environmental exposures to cannabis retailers and advertising, enhancing social acceptability of cannabis use and belief in its health benefits, while also reducing the perception of cannabis as harmful [&lt;span&gt;9, 10&lt;/span&gt;]. These changes in attitudes can consequently influence behaviors such as cannabis use initiation, frequency of use and CUD treatment engagement and adherence. Analogous to Pessar and colleagues' [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] innovation in the precision of measurement of cannabis policy, recent advances in geospatial ","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 1","pages":"171-173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Chambers et al.: Investigating the use of peer support services in substance use disorders treatment","authors":"Kathleen T. Brady","doi":"10.1111/add.16678","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16678","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Substance use disorders (SUD), in particular opioid use disorder, are a health care crisis in the United States. Nearly 50 million individuals in the United States experienced a SUD in 2023 and more than 80% of those individuals did not receive any SUD treatment [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. The increase in fentanyl in the illicit drug supply has increased substance-related overdose considerably. The age-adjusted rate of drug overdose deaths increased from 8.2 deaths per 100 000 standard population in 2002 to 32.6 in 2022 [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Engaging and retaining people in the SUD continuum of care is challenging, yet essential to addressing this problem.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Compounding this problem is the longstanding shortage of individuals working in the SUD treatment field. In 2013, the Department of Health and Human Services commissioned a report on Substance Use and Mental Health Workforce Issues, which noted the growing workforce crisis in the addictions field because of high turnover rates, worker shortages, aging workforce, stigma and inadequate compensation [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Although some progress has been made, with the overdose crisis, access to mental health and addiction services has fallen further behind the needs [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the past 10 years, peer recovery support specialists (PRSS) have been an increasingly important and valuable addition to the SUD treatment workforce, providing the unique perspective of ‘lived experience’, linkage to community resources and serving as role models in recovery. PRSS are part of the movement toward a ‘recovery-oriented’ model of care focused on helping people get and stay engaged in the continuum of care until achieving sustained recovery. In general, PRSS provide more active support as compared to more traditional approaches, with frequent contact, guidance and outreach beyond medical settings. Although there have been a number of studies with generally positive findings focused on outcomes of PRSS interventions, most studies suffer from lack of a well-described intervention, inadequate sample size and/or adequate comparison groups [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chambers &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;] describe a study that addresses many of the shortcomings of previous work. The study's findings are valuable in supporting the work of PRSS in the emergency room despite no evidence that intervention from a PRSS was more effective in preventing non-fatal overdose than a licensed clinical social worker. Study limitations include being potentially underpowered to detect differences between active treatments, lack of a non-treatment control group and lack of monitoring for intervention fidelity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Like most good science, this study fills an important knowledge gap, but also leads to new questions. There is some suggestion that PRSS outreach may be particularly valuable to individuals from marginalized groups or from low resource areas, such as rural populations [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. A comparison of characteristics ","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"119 12","pages":"2129-2130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16678","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient outcomes following buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder: A retrospective analysis of the influence of patient- and prescriber-level characteristics in Massachusetts, USA","authors":"Gary J. Young,&nbsp;Tianjie Zhu,&nbsp;Md Mahmudul Hasan,&nbsp;Farbod Alinezhad,&nbsp;Leonard D. Young,&nbsp;Md. Noor-E-Alam","doi":"10.1111/add.16684","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16684","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Opioid use disorder (OUD) is treatable with buprenorphine/naloxone (buprenorphine), but many patients discontinue treatment prematurely. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of patient- and prescriber-level characteristics relative to several patient outcomes following the initiation of buprenorphine treatment for OUD.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This was a retrospective observational investigation. We used the Public Health Data Warehouse from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health to construct a sample of patients who initiated buprenorphine treatment between 2015 and 2019. We attributed each patient to a prescriber based on information from prescription claims. We used multilevel models to assess the influence of patient- and prescriber-level characteristics on each outcome.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Massachusetts, USA.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The study cohort comprised 37 955 unique patients and 2146 prescribers. Among patients, 64.6% were male, 52.6% were under the age of 35 and 82.2% were White, non-Hispanic. For insurance coverage, 72.1% had Medicaid.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The outcome measures were poor medication continuity, treatment discontinuation and opioid overdose, all assessed within a 12-month follow-up period that began with a focal prescription for buprenorphine. Each patient had a single follow-up period. Poor medication continuity was defined as medication gaps totaling more than 7 days during the initial 180 days of buprenorphine treatment and treatment discontinuation was defined as having a medication gap for 2 consecutive months within the 12-month follow-up period.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The patient-level rates for poor medication continuity, treatment discontinuation and opioid overdose were 59.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 59.2–60.2], 57.4% (95% CI = 56.9–57.9) and 10.3% (95% CI = 10.0–10.6), respectively, with 1.1% (95% CI = 1.0–1.2) experiencing a fatal opioid overdose. At the patient level, after adjustment for covariates, adverse outcomes were associated with race/ethnicity as both Black, non-Hispanic and Hispanic patients had worse outcomes than did White, non-Hispanic patients (Black, non-Hispanic -- poor continuity: 1.50, 95% C","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 1","pages":"152-163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a small increase in off-premises trading hours on alcohol sales in Norway: A stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial","authors":"Daniel Bergsvik,&nbsp;Maja Weemes Grøtting,&nbsp;Ingeborg Rossow","doi":"10.1111/add.16683","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16683","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence of the effect of limiting off-premises alcohol trading hours is still scarce. This study tested the effect of a small extension in trading hours on alcohol sales in alcohol monopoly outlets in Norway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The extension of trading hours was implemented within a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial design. Eligible state monopoly outlets (<i>n</i> = 229) were clustered into trade districts (<i>n</i> = 62), which were block-randomized to one of three sequences regarding date of implementation: 1 September 2020 (<i>n</i> = 21 districts, 82 outlets), 1 December 2020 (<i>n</i> = 21 districts, 73 outlets) and 1 March 2021 (<i>n</i> = 20 districts, 74 outlets). Outcomes were followed-up for a 1-year period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting and participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Study participants were state monopoly outlets in urban and rural trade districts in all parts of Norway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monthly alcohol sales in litres of pure alcohol per trade district and per outlet were measured from March 2020 to March 2022 (primary outcome). We applied a linear mixed-effect model with two-way fixed effects within a difference-in-difference framework. As a robustness check we considered the effects of cross-border trade and effects in subgroups of outlets. Trading hours in monopoly outlets were extended by 1 hour on Saturdays. The extension was permanent. Pre-intervention periods and not-yet-treated units served as control conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We did not find a statistically significant effect of the small extension in trading hours on monthly alcohol sales (i) per trade district [average treatment effect: −185.5 litres, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1159.9, 788.9] and (ii) per outlet (−35.3 litres, 95% CI = −142.1, 72.0). These findings were consistent across estimation methods and model specifications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is no clear evidence that a small extension in off-premises trading hours affected alcohol sales in monopoly outlets in Norway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 1","pages":"86-94"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol use as a predictor of intimate partner violence in emerging adulthood: A dyadic daily diary investigation","authors":"Ryan C. Shorey,&nbsp;Shira I. Dunsiger,&nbsp;Gregory L. Stuart","doi":"10.1111/add.16681","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16681","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Numerous studies have demonstrated that alcohol preceded and increased the odds of intimate partner violence (IPV). These prior studies were restricted to one dyad member despite theory suggesting that acute alcohol use by <span><i>both partners</i></span> should increase the risk for IPV to a greater degree than when only one partner drinks. We hypothesized that alcohol use by both dyad members, relative to one or no dyad members, would proximally precede and increase the odds of IPV perpetration and victimization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 60-day daily diary design was used, where both dyad members of dating couples completed independent reports on IPV perpetration/victimization and alcohol use via a secure survey website.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting and Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol using college-student couples, aged 18–25 (<i>n</i> = 181 couples), from a Midwestern university in the United States participated. A convenience sample strategy was used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Daily surveys asked about alcohol use and IPV perpetration and victimization the prior day, including whether alcohol use preceded or followed IPV. The primary outcome was psychological IPV; secondary outcomes were physical and sexual IPV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Longitudinal random effects models suggested statistically significant associations between drinking behavior and IPV outcomes. The odds of psychological IPV perpetration were higher when both partners were drinking relative to one partner drinking [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.99]. Exploratory analyses showed some indication that the odds of physical IPV victimization were higher when both partners were drinking relative to one partner drinking (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.71–4.21).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The risk for intimate partner violence appears to be greater when both partners drink, relative to one partner or neither partner.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 1","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affective dynamics surrounding craving, non-heavy alcohol use and binge drinking in female patients with alcohol use disorder and controls: An experience sampling method study","authors":"Nicolas Leenaerts,&nbsp;Thomas Vaessen,&nbsp;Stefan Sunaert,&nbsp;Jenny Ceccarini,&nbsp;Elske Vrieze","doi":"10.1111/add.16682","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16682","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Studies show that higher levels of positive affect (PA) and lower levels of negative affect (NA) are related to craving and alcohol consumption at a daily level in men, but little is known on these associations at a momentary level, and whether they are present in women. This study measured the dynamics of within-person NA and PA surrounding craving, non-heavy alcohol use and binge drinking in women with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and female controls without AUD.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;53 female patients with AUD and 75 female controls, all recruited in Belgium, were included in an experience sampling study where they reported on momentary NA, PA, craving and alcohol use in daily life over a period of 12 months. Assessments occurred eight times a day on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays in seven bursts of three weeks.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Within-person NA at a previous assessment (t&lt;sub&gt;−1&lt;/sub&gt;) predicted craving at the current assessment (t&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;) in patients with AUD in a positive linear [β = 0.043; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.002, 0.057; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.041] and quadratic fashion (β = 0.034; CI = 0.011, 0.057; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004). Within-person PA at t&lt;sub&gt;−1&lt;/sub&gt; predicted craving at t&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; in patients with AUD with a positive quadratic relation (β = 0.042; CI = 0.08, 0.065; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Within-person NA at t&lt;sub&gt;−1&lt;/sub&gt; negatively predicted non-heavy alcohol use at t&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; in a linear fashion in controls (β = −0.495; CI = -0.677, -0.312; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and patients with AUD (β = −0.276; CI = -0.421, -0.132; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Within-person PA at t&lt;sub&gt;−1&lt;/sub&gt; significantly predicted non-heavy alcohol use at t&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; with a positive linear term (β = 0.470; CI = 0.329, 0.610; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) in controls, but with a positive linear term (β = 0.399; CI = 0.260, 0.454; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and a positive quadratic term (β = 0.203; CI = 0.060, 0.347; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) in patients with AUD. Within-person NA at t&lt;sub&gt;−1&lt;/sub&gt; predicted binge drinking at t&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; in patients with AUD with a significant quadratic term (β = 0.236; CI = 0.060, 0.412; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.008), but not for controls. Within-person PA at t&lt;sub&gt;−1&lt;/sub&gt; predicted binge drinking at t&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; in patients with AUD with a significant quadratic term (β = 0.378; CI = 0.215, 0.542; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and this was also the case for controls (β = 0.487; CI = 0.158, 0.770; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Non-heavy alcohol use at t&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; predicted lower levels of NA at t&lt;sub&gt;+1&lt;/sub&gt; in both patients with AUD (β = −0.161; SE = 0.044; CI = -0.248, 0.074; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001) and controls (β = −0.114; CI = -0","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 1","pages":"61-76"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}