Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Screening for addiction in the dental office: The bottom line.","authors":"Carrigan L Parish, Lisa E Simon","doi":"10.1111/add.70422","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70422","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1340-1342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in fentanyl-containing drug samples seized by law enforcement agencies across Canada.","authors":"Shaleesa Ledlie, Ria Garg, Pamela Leece, Gillian Kolla, Elaine Hyshka, Mina Tadrous, Tara Gomes","doi":"10.1111/add.70314","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Canada's drug toxicity crisis has been largely attributed to a volatile fentanyl-dominated unregulated drug supply with increasing reports of fentanyl detected in combination with benzodiazepines, stimulants and xylazine. Although rates of opioid-related harms vary significantly by region, it remains unknown how the composition of the unregulated drug supply differs across Canada. Therefore, we sought to describe trends in Canadian fentanyl-containing drug seizures nationally and compare trends by province/territory.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Repeated cross-sectional analysis between February 2020 and December 2024.</p><p><strong>Setting and cases: </strong>Fentanyl-containing drug samples seized by law enforcement agencies across Canada were analyzed by Health Canada's Drug Analysis Service, with test results made publicly available.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Counts and crude rates of fentanyl-containing drug seizures, with the population of each province/territory used to calculate rates per 100 000. We described the number of notable drug classes (e.g. benzodiazepines, stimulants, non-fentanyl opioids, etc.) and chemical substances identified within each drug seizure and used the Cochrane Armitage Test for Trend to look for significant changes over time. All analyses were conducted overall and stratified by province/territory.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We identified 71 996 fentanyl-containing drug seizures over the study period, with the quarterly number of seizures increasing by 24.4% (from 2640 in 2020 to 3284 in 2024) across Canada. This varied by province/territory, with the highest annual rates of fentanyl-containing seizures in 2024 reported in British Columbia (60.4 per 100 000) and Alberta (52.3 per 100 000). Among fentanyl types, we observed statistically significant increases (P < 0.001) in the detection of para-flurofentanyl (0.0% to 46.3%) and methylfentanyl (0.0% to 28.6%). Additionally, there was a notable rise in the annual proportion of seizures in which benzodiazepines (13.4% to 40.2%) or xylazine (1.5% to 18.9%) were detected. Approximately half of all seizures contained fentanyl in combination with at least one other drug class and over 95% contained fentanyl in combination with at least one other chemical substance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Across Canada from 2020 to 2024, there has been a 24% increase in fentanyl-containing drug seizures in which multiple substances are detected, most notably benzodiazepines, xylazine and potent fentanyl analogues within a single sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1530-1540"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the relationship of social anxiety with alcohol use and alcohol-related problems in young people: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Anton J Fichtenmaier, Amanda M George","doi":"10.1111/add.70345","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Social anxiety is associated with disparate alcohol-related outcomes among young people. This meta-analysis synthesised the literature to determine what factors (e.g. impulsivity) may account for variance in these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Empirical studies reporting the correlation of social anxiety with alcohol use and/or alcohol-related problems (ARPs) among young people (aged 13-29 years) were identified through a systematic literature search. Five random-effects meta-analyses were performed for ARPs, problematic alcohol use, frequency, quantity and quantity by frequency index measures of alcohol use. Seventy studies were included with 233 effect sizes extracted. The average age was 20 years (n = 38 517; 66.2% female).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Social anxiety was negatively associated with index alcohol use [number of studies (k) = 28, r = -0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.08 to -0.03, t = -4.04, P < 0.001] but statistically non-significant with quantity (k = 21, r = 0.00, 95% CI = -0.04 to 0.05, t = 0.18, P = 0.86) or frequency (k = 18, r = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.06 to 0.05, t = -0.29, P = 0.78) of alcohol use. Social anxiety was statistically significantly positively associated with ARPs (k = 45, r = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.10-0.16, t = 9.93, P < 0.001) and problematic alcohol use (k = 23, r = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01-0.11, t = 2.68, P = 0.01). Impulsivity was a statistically significant moderator, such that, as the correlation of impulsivity with social anxiety increased, the association of social anxiety with index alcohol use positively increased. Subgroup analyses for ARPs measure used were also statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Young people with elevated social anxiety appear to drink less alcohol than their peers, but report more problematic alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Impulsivity may clarify unexpected patterns of lower alcohol consumption, although conclusions remain tentative due to methodological constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1362-1380"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147375400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the intersection of heavy alcohol use and masculine norms as risk factors for male-to-female intimate partner violence: Evidence from an Australian national survey.","authors":"Bree Willoughby, Koen Smit, Ingrid M Wilson, Gail Gilchrist, Anne-Marie Laslett","doi":"10.1111/add.70358","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70358","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aims: &lt;/strong&gt;Endorsement of traditional masculine norms and male alcohol use are identified risk factors for male-to-female intimate partner violence (MFIPV) perpetration, yet their interaction remains unexplored in Australia. This study aimed to estimate the associations between heavy male alcohol use, endorsement of traditional masculine norms and MFIPV perpetration, and test their interaction among Australian men.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design and setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Participants were 12 284 men who were Australian citizens or permanent residents aged 18 years or older who identified as heterosexual and answered any of the MFIPV items.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary outcome was lifetime MFIPV perpetration assessed through three items on frightening, physically harming or forcing sex on a partner. Predictors included past-year heavy episodic drinking (HED) and endorsement of masculine norms. Sociodemographics, other drug use, depression, anxiety and sexual performance problems were included as covariates. Multivariable logistic regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to examine associations between sociodemographics, specific masculine norms, HED, total masculinity scores and perpetrating MFIPV. An interaction between HED and masculinity on MFIPV was also tested.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Of the 12 284 men (M&lt;sub&gt;age&lt;/sub&gt; = 38.3 years), 2947 (23.8%, 95% CI = 22.7-25.0) reported lifetime perpetration of MFIPV, with men aged 30-49 years reporting the highest perpetration rate (26.8%, 95% CI = 24.5-29.1). Higher mean scores on playboy, risk-taking, self-reliance, power over women and violence norms were associated with increased odds of reporting MFIPV perpetration, whereas greater scores on emotional control, primacy of work and heterosexual presentation norms appeared protective. Past-year HED [odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.05-1.48] and greater total masculinity scores (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01-1.04) were both independently associated with statistically significantly higher odds of reporting lifetime MFIPV perpetration. A statistically significant interaction effect revealed higher total masculinity scores were associated with increased odds of MFIPV perpetration among men with past-year HED, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and covariates (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00-1.06, P = 0.035), but not among men who did not engage in HED.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Among Australian men, heavy episodic drinking appears to modify the association between traditional norms of masculinity and reporting male-to-female intimate partner violence, with stronger endorsement of traditional masculine norms associated with higher odds of perpetration among men reporting past-year heavy epi","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1445-1457"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating pregnancy and addiction recovery: Patient perspectives on perinatal care interventions for women with opioid use disorder in Kentucky, USA.","authors":"Hilary L Surratt, Olivia A Davis, Elizabeth O Nelson, Hayley Durr, Karen Fawcett, Jason Joy, Brandon L Schanbacher, Marie Vice, John A Bauer, Wendy F Hansen","doi":"10.1111/add.70317","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70317","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aims: &lt;/strong&gt;The state of Kentucky has been heavily impacted by the ongoing opioid crisis in the United States, with high overdose mortality, high prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD), elevated maternal mortality and incidence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Evidence-based care for pregnant people with OUD remains limited in many areas of the state, and patient perspectives are urgently needed to understand the acceptability of intervention approaches, and broader perspectives on prenatal and recovery care in their communities. This study aimed to understand women's experiences with prenatal care and substance use treatment in Kentucky throughout the perinatal period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Data were drawn from a recently completed Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) funded comparative effectiveness trial known as PATHHome, whose overarching objective was to study the delivery of a pregnancy-specific educational recovery curriculum for pregnant women treated for OUD in Kentucky. PATHHome was a pragmatic, non-inferiority, cluster randomized trial testing group versus telemedicine interventions for delivering care. We conducted a qualitative study with trial completers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;PATHHome was conducted in 13 clinical sites across eastern and central Kentucky.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Eligible patient participants were: (1) between ages 18-55, (2) pregnant (between 6 and 32 weeks' gestation), (3) diagnosed with OUD, and (4) being treated with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Thirty-three participants across 10 clinical sites were ultimately interviewed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;Participants were invited to complete an in-depth qualitative interview at the time of their final 6-month postpartum follow-up visit. Interview coding was conducted using a hybrid inductive-deductive approach and consensus coding techniques were used. Coding and analysis were conducted in NVivo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Systematic analysis of patient experiences revealed four overarching themes: Theme 1. MOUD stigma diminishes the quality of perinatal care for women with OUD, highlighting the need for expanded integration of evidence-based MOUD, prenatal and delivery care; Theme 2. Navigating siloed and inconsistent care system policies contributes to suboptimal delivery experiences and limits parenting opportunities; Theme 3. Maternal engagement in perinatal OUD interventions is enhanced by responsive and adaptable approaches that address patient beliefs, circumstances and histories; and Theme 4. A pregnancy-specific educational recovery curriculum delivered by a supportive, nonjudgmental and multidisciplinary intervention team promotes high acceptability among women on MOUD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In Kentucky, USA, there appears to be a high level of acceptability for a pregnancy-specific opioid use disorder recovery education intervention ","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1508-1519"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146008080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Buss et al.: State endorsement as a driver of vape-assisted smoking cessation: Interpreting early evidence from Swap to Stop.","authors":"Nadia Minian","doi":"10.1111/add.70425","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70425","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1566-1567"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention in opioid agonist treatment during pregnancy and variations according to treatment and maternal characteristics.","authors":"Bianca Varney, Nicola Jones, Chrianna Bharat, Jonathan Brett, Louisa Degenhardt, Ju-Lee Oei, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Alys Havard, Duong T Tran","doi":"10.1111/add.70325","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70325","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aims: &lt;/strong&gt;To measure the proportion of women in New South Wales, Australia, retained in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) for opioid dependence (OD) during pregnancy and examine how this varies according to treatment and maternal characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective cohort study using linked population-based data, including OAT records, perinatal, hospital admissions, mental health outpatient services and criminal justice data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;New South Wales, Australia, January 2004-December 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Pregnancies resulting in childbirth among women receiving OAT during pregnancy. The cohort included 4472 pregnancies among 2821 women receiving OAT during pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;We defined retention as continuous receipt of OAT from the date of OAT initiation during pregnancy or date of conception (whichever came last) until childbirth. We calculated the proportion of women retained in treatment and 95% confidence intervals (CI) overall, by timing of initiation (pre-conception, first, second and third trimester) and medication type (methadone, buprenorphine) at initiation. We used logistic regression to assess retention variation according to maternal socio-demographic and clinical factors, including morbidities commonly co-occurring with OD, stratified by timing of initiation. Data on dosing, other substance use and psychopharmacological medications were unavailable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;OAT was initiated pre-conception in 74.8% (3346) of pregnancies, during the first trimester in 11.1% (n = 497), second trimester in 8.8% (n = 394) and third trimester in 5.3% (n = 237). Overall, women were retained in OAT for 84.3% (3771) of all pregnancies. Retention was 87.4% (95% CI = 86.3-88.6) with pre-conception initiation; 65.8% (95% CI = 61.6-70.0) in the first trimester; 80.5% (95% CI = 76.5-84.4) second trimester; and 85.2% (95% CI = 80.8-89.7) third trimester. Retention was 72.4% (95% CI = 69.5-75.3) with buprenorphine and 87.7% (95% CI = 86.6-88.9) with methadone. Pregnancies delivered during 2019-2021 were less likely to be retained in treatment compared with those delivered during 2004-2006, regardless of the timing of initiation [pre-conception initiation odds ratio (OR) = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.30-0.79; first trimester initiation OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.08-1.07; second/third trimester initiation OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.10-0.91). Among women who initiated OAT pre-conception, retention was lower among those whose first antenatal visit occurred after 20 gestational weeks (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.53-0.86), those in their first (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54-0.97) or second pregnancy (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56-0.96) and those who initiated on buprenorphine (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.24-0.40) or in a custodial setting (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.44-1.01).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In New South Wales, Australia, from 2004 to 2021, over","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1520-1529"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146008045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considering alcohol and other drug screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment in two safety-sensitive industries in Australia: An exploratory qualitative study.","authors":"Kirrilly Thompson, Tina Hart, Jacqueline Bowden","doi":"10.1111/add.70348","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Workplaces offer a practical setting for alcohol and other drug interventions, especially in industries where impairment introduces substantial risk. Screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment has demonstrated effectiveness in health care settings and shows promise in workplace settings. However, low participation and high attrition in previous workplace studies indicate a need for deeper understanding of feasibility and acceptability. This exploratory qualitative study aimed to identify likely determinants for implementing alcohol and other drug screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment in two safety-sensitive industries in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative research design based on semi-structured online interviews, focussed on the construction and manufacturing industries. Participants included 23 professionals working in health and safety roles representing 21 organisations located across six Australian jurisdictions. Interview transcripts were coded against the five domains of the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Sixteen determinants were identified that were expected to act as barriers (n = 10) or enablers (n = 5) or have bidirectional impacts (n = 1) on the implementation of screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment in construction and manufacturing. Enabling factors included freely available tools, flexible delivery methods and delivery by trusted, external, peer-based organisations. Pervasive barriers included workers' mistrust of management, concerns about confidentiality and fear of consequences for disclosing substance use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Successful workplace implementation of screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment appears to depend on organisational cultures where workers trust management, are assured of confidentiality and are not afraid of retribution for disclosure.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1434-1444"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146130510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The feasibility of integrating remote breath alcohol monitoring into ecological momentary assessment of intimate partner violence among young adults with a history of heavy drinking and aggression.","authors":"Meagan J Brem, Denis M McCarthy, Ryan C Shorey, Muyao Lin, Alicia J Lozano, Emily Sjafii, Allison Tobar-Santamaria","doi":"10.1111/add.70357","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70357","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;We examined the feasibility and acceptability of pairing portable breathalyzers to assess field alcohol use with mobile ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess intimate partner violence (IPV; psychological, cyber, physical and sexual aggression) perpetration and victimization among undergraduates who drink heavily and were recently aggressive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design, setting and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;We assessed EMA/breathalyzer completion rates, drinking captured via breathalyzer versus self-report, number of IPV events captured, procedural acceptability and reactivity to assessment. Sex differences were examined. Undergraduates aged 18-25 (n = 103; M age = 21 years, SD = 2.0; 52% women; 80.6% heterosexual; 64.1% white; 93.2% non-Hispanic) recruited from a large Mid-Atlantic university in the United States completed a baseline survey then a 30-day EMA wherein they were prompted to complete one morning and three evening surveys (7 PM, 9 PM, 11 PM) daily. After each evening survey, participants were prompted to submit a breath alcohol content (BrAC) sample to a breathalyzer linked to surveys. Participants could self-initiate surveys after drinking or IPV outside of assessment periods. Afterward, participants completed an exit survey.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;Outcome variables were self-reported alcohol use and IPV assessed via EMA surveys, and BrAC assessed via breathalyzer. Self-reported procedural acceptability was assessed in the exit survey. Reactivity to assessment was assessed by analyzing daily trends in IPV and drinking by sex using generalized linear mixed effects models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Participants completed 80% of surveys and responded to 91% of breathalyzer prompts. BrAC was captured in 89.4% of self-reported drinking events, 91.4% of self-reported non-drinking events and 95.8% of IPV events, with greater responsiveness to breathalyzer prompts as the evening progressed despite increasing intoxication. More IPV events were captured during evening and event triggered (358 combined total events) than morning surveys (245 events). Results were comparable across women and men. Each additional study day was associated with modest declines in odds of experiencing any IPV [odds ratio (OR) = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94-0.97, P &lt; 0.001], IPV perpetration (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.92-0.96, P &lt; 0.001), IPV victimization (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96-0.99, P = 0.004), any drinking (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98-1.00, P = 0.01) and positive BrAC readings (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98-1.00, P = 0.052), suggesting minimal reactivity to assessment. Participants reported high overall satisfaction with study components.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Pairing ecological momentary assessment with portable breathalyzers to capture data on drinking and intimate partner violence across 30 days among US undergraduates who were previously aggressive and who drink heavily appears to be both feasib","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1458-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12931660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue-retained needles in people who inject drugs: A systematic review of case reports and series on clinical presentations, complications and management.","authors":"Heidi Laukkala, Anna Nevalainen, Irina Rinta-Kiikka, Samuel Heikkilä, Sisu Kiuru, Markku Sumanen, Otso Arponen, Olli Nevalainen","doi":"10.1111/add.70366","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Tissue-retained needles from intravenous drug use can cause rare but severe complications, ranging from local to systemic infections to needle embolization. Due to the limited evidence and the lack of epidemiological studies on the issue, we systematically reviewed the literature focusing on case reports and case series on the clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and management of tissue-retained needle fragments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of English-language case reports and case series was conducted (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024517020) on 15 November 2024, using PubMed and Scopus. Two authors performed the search independently and in duplicate following the PRISMA flow diagram. Case reports were included when the retained needles among people who inject drugs were confirmed by imaging, surgery or autopsy. Data on clinical characteristics, presentation, complications and outcomes were extracted by two reviewers and summarized descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1479 citations, we included 46 publications reporting 52 cases [47 (90%) patients and 5 (9.6%) autopsy cases]. Patients were mostly young adults with a median age of 35.0 (range: 22-55) years and predominantly male [n = 37/52 (71%)]. No deaths were reported among the patients presenting with needle fragments; in the autopsy cases, the needles were incidental findings and not the cause of death. Although injection sites were not systematically imaged in all cases, nearly one third [n = 15/52 (29%)] of cases involved multiple retained needles. Needles migrated via circulation were most often found in the heart [n = 23/52 (44%)] or the lungs [n = 13/52 (25%)]. One fifth [10/47 (21%)] of the patients received antibiotics without needle retrieval, and in 18/47 patients (38%) the needle was surgically removed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retained needle fragments among people who inject drugs are found in a range of anatomical sites, are often multiple, are not associated with fatal outcomes and are often incidental findings in autopsies. Management varies substantially as some patients receive antibiotics alone while some have needles removed surgically.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1381-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}