Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Considerations for implementing high-dose buprenorphine for opioid use disorder.","authors":"Suhanee Mitragotri, David T Zhu","doi":"10.1111/add.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone on treatment interruption: Comparing findings from a reanalysis of the X:BOT RCT and harmonized target trial emulation using population-based observational data.","authors":"Sara Lodi, Shapei Yan, Benjamin Bovell-Ammon, Paul J Christine, Heather E Hsu, Dana Bernson, Patricia Novo, Joshua D Lee, John Rotrosen, Jane M Liebschutz, Alexander Y Walley, Marc R Larochelle","doi":"10.1111/add.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>It is unclear if findings from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of medications for opioid use disorder apply to real-world settings. We estimated the effectiveness of buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) versus extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) on treatment interruption in a RCT and an observational study based on real-world data.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Target trial emulation to harmonize the protocol and statistical analyses of X:BOT (target trial) and the observational study (observational emulation). Baseline was randomization in the target trial and medically managed opioid withdrawal (MMOW) discharge in the observational emulation.</p><p><strong>Settings: </strong>X:BOT trial and Massachusetts Public Health Data Warehouse observational data (United States).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The target trial included all X:BOT participants. The observational emulation trial included MMOW discharges from January 2014 to May 2016.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Treatment strategies were BUP-NX versus XR-NTX initiation within 28 days of baseline. The outcome was treatment interruption (earliest of treatment discontinuation, incarceration, MMOW readmission, death). We estimated the 24-week risk and risk difference.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>In the target trial, 94% (269/287) and 66% (187/283) of participants randomized to BUP-NX or XR-NTX initiated their assigned treatment within 28 days, respectively. In the observational emulation, BUP-NX and XR-NTX were initiated within 28 days in 9% (5209/59 076) and 3% (1813/59 076) of MMOW discharges, respectively. The adjusted 24-week treatment interruption risks (95% confidence interval) for BUP-NX and XR-NTX were 68% (60%,77%) and 72% (60%,83%) in the target trial [risk difference, -4 percentage points (pp; -17 pp,11 pp)] and 82% (81%,83%) and 93% (92%,95%) in the observational emulation [risk difference,-11 pp (-13 pp,-10 pp)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Buprenorphine-naloxone might be superior to extended-release naltrexone in real-world settings where the majority of people struggle to remain on medications for opioid use disorder. Buprenorphine-naloxone initiators had a lower risk of treatment interruption than extended-release naltrexone initiators in an observational emulation, but similar risks in a randomized controlled trial, although confidence intervals were wide. Trial participation, study size and residual confounding may explain these differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Östh et al.: Sensor-based approaches to inform alcohol interventions - beyond BAC.","authors":"Brian Suffoletto","doi":"10.1111/add.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early identification of the use of potent benzylbenzimidazoles (nitazenes) through wastewater analysis: Two years of data from 22 countries.","authors":"Richard Bade, Dhayaalini Nadarajan, Wayne Hall, Jared A Brown, Jennifer Schumann","doi":"10.1111/add.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The use of new synthetic opioids, such as the highly potent 2-benzylbenzimidazoles (i.e. nitazene) drugs, is a global health concern because of their increased risk of fatal overdose. In the early 2020s, nitazene analogues were linked to significant numbers of overdoses in the United States. Their reach is now worldwide, with nitazene overdose deaths reported in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. The aim of this study was to measure quantities of nitazenes in wastewater samples collected from 68 locations in 22 countries, covering six continents, to understand and estimate their use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Untreated influent wastewater samples were collected over a one-week period that included the New Year period in 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. Samples were collected from 22 countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Cyprus, Czechia, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, New Zealand, Nigeria, Republic of Korea, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States. Samples were loaded onto solid-phase extraction cartridges in the country of collection and sent to Australia for elution and analysis using sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 683 individual wastewater samples were analysed across the two years: 339 in 2022-2023 and 344 in 2023-2024. Two nitazene analogues-protonitazene and N-pyrrolidino etonitazene (etonitazepyne)-were found in five separate sites in the United States and Australia. In the 2022-2023 period, protonitazene was found in two sites in the United States. The following year, protonitazene was detected in two further sites in the United States, while both protonitazene and etonitazepyne were found in one site in Australia. Protonitazene mass loads ranged between 0.3 mg/day/1000 people and 100 mg/day/1000 people. Etonitazepyne was also found at mass loads between 0.2-2 mg/day/1000 people).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A very high mass load of protonitazene was calculated, using wastewater analysis, for the day of 30 December 2023 in one site in Australia. Etonitazepyne showed the same trend from a lower base. Wastewater-based nitazene surveillance shows promise as a form of both drug early warning and ongoing monitoring of trends in use, especially as a complementary tool to existing surveillance methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in smoking prevalence and socio-economic inequalities across regions in England: A population study, 2006 to 2024.","authors":"Sarah E Jackson, Sharon Cox, Vera Buss, Harry Tattan-Birch, Jamie Brown","doi":"10.1111/add.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>In addition to national policies and interventions, certain regions in England (particularly in the North) coordinate regional tobacco control programmes. This study aimed to (i) examine trends in tobacco smoking prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in smoking across regions and (ii) explore how trends in smoking prevalence have differed between regions with and without dedicated regional tobacco control activity.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational study using data drawn from nationally representative monthly cross-sectional household surveys, conducted between November 2006 and July 2024.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>England.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>368 057 adults (≥16 years old).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>We used logistic regression to estimate time trends in current smoking by region, and tested interactions with occupational social grade to explore differences between more and less advantaged groups.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Smoking prevalence declined most in the North [28.8% to 15.8%; -12.9 percentage points (95% confidence interval -14.4 to -11.5)], similar to the national average in the Midlands [25.2% to 16.0%; -9.2 (-10.6 to -7.9)], and least in the South [22.7% to 17.3%; -5.3 (-6.5 to -4.0)], reducing regional disparities such that prevalence was similar across regions in 2024. Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence between more and less advantaged social grades fell most in Yorkshire and the Humber [from 17.9 percentage points (14.1-21.8) to 3.7 (0.4-7.0)] and the West Midlands [from 16.1 (12.8-19.6) to 3.0 (-0.03 to 6.0)]. Regions with sustained regional tobacco control activity saw greater declines in smoking prevalence [-13.3 (-15.3 to -11.3)] than regions with none [-9.3 (-10.0 to -8.5)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Between 2006 and 2024, smoking rates in the North of England fell faster than the national average, narrowing the geographic inequalities in smoking prevalence and bringing the North of England into alignment with other regions by 2024. Regional tobacco control programmes appeared to contribute to this progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did the United States smokeless tobacco industry use cigarette industry strategies to sponsor and manipulate research?","authors":"David S Timberlake, Bryan D Nguyen, Andrew T Nguyen","doi":"10.1111/add.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The cigarette industry in the United States (US) laid the foundation for sponsoring research to improve public relations and defend against product liability cases. Fewer threats of litigation facing the US smokeless tobacco (SLT) industry may have contributed to the sponsorship of independent research on SLT use and health outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether the SLT industry used cigarette industry strategies to manipulate research on health risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Internal industry documents (e.g. letters, memos) from the 1970s through 1990s were accessed through the online Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library at the University of California, San Francisco. A framework of tobacco industry strategies and criteria for evaluating sponsored research formed the basis for categorizing and synthesizing documents identified via snowball sampling (n = 177). Summaries of awarded projects in annual reports of the Smokeless Tobacco Research Council (STRC) were coded for content (n = 189, 1982-1997).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Guided by legal counsel, the SLT industry sponsored research to support its interest group position; advocated against research on tobacco-specific carcinogens such as N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN); heavily criticized a case-control study on oropharyngeal cancer; and relied on a cadre of grantees and STRC leadership to testify against SLT restrictions. The STRC awarded a high proportion of projects on nicotine (78/189), including use for therapy (e.g. Tourette's syndrome), but underfunded epidemiologic research (n = 3). However, the STRC awarded projects on extracts or constituents (e.g. NNN, n = 30) that may have implicated SLT's role in carcinogenesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the Smokeless Tobacco Research Council awarded some research that may have weakened the industry, the Council's imbalanced portfolio of projects and inextricable link to industry likely favored the interest group position. Thus, we cannot conclude that the smokeless tobacco industry sponsored research solely for scientific discovery. Greater independence of industry-sponsored research could be achieved by delegating scientific decision-making to scientists (not legal counsel), limiting governance to those unaffiliated with the industry sponsor and not relying on grantees to defend the interest group position.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphetamine use and mental health difficulties across adolescence and young adulthood: An integrative data analysis of four Australasian cohort studies.","authors":"Christopher J Greenwood, James Foulds, Rebecca McKetin, Stephanie R Aarsman, Delyse Hutchinson, Jessica Kerr, Jessica A Heerde, John W Toumbourou, Joseph M Boden, Tim Slade, Yvonne Bonomo, Primrose Letcher, Craig A Olsson","doi":"10.1111/add.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The use of amphetamines (including amphetamine and methamphetamine) has been consistently associated with mental health difficulties; however, the direction of potential causal relationships has not yet been established. This study aimed to assess the direction relationships between illicit amphetamine use and mental health difficulties across adolescence and young adulthood.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational study of four population-level cohorts participating in the Monitoring Illicit Substance Use (MISUse) Consortium.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Australia and New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 7527 participants (51% female) were used: Christchurch Health and Development Study (n = 1056), Australian Temperament Project (n = 1644), Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study (n = 1943) and International Youth Development Study (n = 2884).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Assessments were used to derive binary indicators of amphetamine use (≥monthly) and mental health difficulties during both adolescence (age 10-17 years) and young adulthood (age 18-30 years).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Associations were estimated as Risk Ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence internals (CIs) using G-computation procedures, while accounting for 15 potential confounding factors and interactions between exposure and both study cohort and participant sex. The risk of mental health difficulties in young adulthood was 21% greater (RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.41) for those who reported monthly or more frequent amphetamine use in adolescence. The risk of monthly or higher amphetamine use in young adulthood was 19% greater (RR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.45) in those who reported mental health difficulties in adolescence. There was also some evidence to suggest that in males the strongest association was from amphetamine use to mental health difficulties (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.95, 1.60), while in females the strongest association was from mental health difficulties to amphetamine use (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.78).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There appears to be a bidirectional association between monthly or more frequent amphetamine use and mental health difficulties from adolescence to young adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over a decade later and Addiction journal is still committed to publishing qualitative research.","authors":"Joanne Neale, Brian C Kelly, Jordan M Braciszewski, Joanna Kesten, Stephen Lankenau, Paula Mayock, Jennifer Merrill","doi":"10.1111/add.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentering alcohol: Non-drug pleasure and reinforcement as an alternative target.","authors":"Samuel F Acuff, Justin C Strickland","doi":"10.1111/add.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking pleasure seriously: Should alcohol research say more about fun? 'No safe level' advocates must take note.","authors":"James Morris, Emma Davies","doi":"10.1111/add.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}