Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Changes to our instructions to authors.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/add.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Bade et al.: Threat of nitazenes and other potent synthetic opioids-Is Europe prepared? Time to respond and to learn.","authors":"Isabelle Giraudon, Ana Gallegos, Senad Handanagić, Jane Mounteney","doi":"10.1111/add.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analytic review of the relationship between racial discrimination and alcohol and other drug use outcomes in minoritised racial/ethnic groups.","authors":"Evie Gates, Matthew Cant, Rebecca Elliott, Patricia Irizar, Christopher J Armitage","doi":"10.1111/add.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To measure the associations between racial discrimination and distinct alcohol and other drug use outcomes in minoritised racial/ethnic groups and to explore the moderating roles of demographic and methodological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Quantitative studies including racial discrimination as an exposure (both binary and continuous), an alcohol and/or other drug use outcome and a minoritised racial/ethnic sample were identified via database, citation and journal searching. 130 studies contributing 273 effect sizes, across seventeen distinct outcomes, were included in this analysis. Random-effects meta-analytic models were implemented. Moderation effects were explored using subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Racial discrimination was positively associated with sixteen alcohol and other drug use outcomes. The strongest associations were observed for at-risk/hazardous alcohol use [r = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.17-0.3, I<sup>2</sup> = 94.8%, m = 29, n = 9445], at-risk/hazardous cannabis use (r = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.18-0.29, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%, m = 4, n = 462) and substance use disorder (r = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.14-0.36, I<sup>2</sup> = 97.7%, m = 5, n = 21 051). Considerable heterogeneity was observed across fourteen outcomes (I<sup>2</sup> = 69.5%-97.7%). Concerning tobacco use, Indigenous North Americans had the largest effect (r = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.2-0.35, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%, m = 2, n = 529), followed by Black Americans (r = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01-0.12, I<sup>2</sup> = 81.7%, m = 7, n = 5409). Little evidence for an association was found for Latinxs (r = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.14, I<sup>2</sup> = 89.2%, m = 3, n = 5404) or Asian Americans (r = -0.18, 95% CI = -0.8 to 0.43, I<sup>2</sup> = 99%, m = 2, n = 572). Regarding composite substance use, Indigenous North Americans had the strongest associations (r = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.23-0.35, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%, m = 3, n = 778), followed by Black Americans (r = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.09-0.18, I<sup>2</sup> = 62.8%, m = 7, n = 5981) and then Latinxs (r = 0.07, 95% CI = -0.17 to 0.31, I<sup>2</sup> = 91.3%, m = 4, n = 1646). Concerning alcohol use problems, younger samples produced stronger associations (r = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.17-0.38, I<sup>2</sup> = 38.8%, m = 3, n = 483), while older samples showed larger effects in six other outcomes (rs = 0.13-0.26). Regarding at-risk/hazardous alcohol use and alcohol use problems/consequences, cross-sectional studies (rs = 0.23-0.24) produced stronger associations than longitudinal studies (rs = 0.13-0.14). Concerning tobacco and illicit substance use, the strongest associations were identified for lifetime exposure (rs = 0.18-0.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Racial discrimination appears to be a consistent correlate of multiple alcohol and other drug use outcomes in minoritised racial/ethnic groups, predominantly based in the United States, yet the magnitude of these associations differs across out","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariable machine learning prediction of risky alcohol use in contemporary youth.","authors":"Lucinda Grummitt, Rachel Visontay, Philip Clare, Tim Slade, Louise Birrell","doi":"10.1111/add.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Risky alcohol use in young adulthood is a significant public health concern. Understanding the predictors of risky drinking during this period is essential for prevention. This study aimed to measure the predictive accuracy of ensemble machine learning and identify the most important predictors of risky alcohol use in early adulthood.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>Secondary analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, an Australian national longitudinal cohort study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 4983 children, aged 4-5 years in 2004 (Wave 1), followed up for eight waves (to age 18/19 in 2018).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Risky alcohol use was measured at age 18 and defined as more than 10 standard drinks per week, as per Australian National guidelines. Predictors from multiple domains-sociodemographic, adolescent substance use, adolescent mental health and behaviours, parental mental health and substance use, school factors, peer influences, parenting practices and parental stress-were included, measured from Wave 1 to 7. The SuperLearner package in R was used to test a series of models [regularised regression (LASSO, ridge and elastic net), random forest and kernel support vector machine (SVM)] using nested 10-fold cross-validation to identify the overall predictive ability of the model (measured by area under the curve; AUC) and the most important predictors of risky alcohol use across childhood and adolescence. Predictor importance was derived by normalising algorithm-specific scores per fold, weighting them by SuperLearner coefficients and aggregating across folds to rank predictors by mean weighted importance on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher scores indicating greater importance).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The ensemble model showed good prediction on the test set, with an AUC of 0.792, a slight improvement over any single algorithm (AUC = 0.783 for the best performing individual algorithm). The most important predictors were weekly drinking at the previous wave (mean weighted importance 0.999), lifetime cannabis use (0.446), lifetime parent financial stress (0.420), identifying as female (0.365), identifying as male (0.344; compared with a reference category of gender diverse), lifetime attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (0.248), pre-natal alcohol exposure (0.248), housing insecurity (0.243), religious involvement (0.238) and parent alcohol use problems (0.215).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An ensemble learning approach appears to have good predictive ability of risky alcohol use among a contemporary cohort of young Australians. It underscores the complex interplay of individual, familial and social factors occurring across childhood and adolescence that influences risky alcohol use in early adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol brief intervention and 2-year healthcare costs: An observational study in adult primary care.","authors":"Sujaya Parthasarathy, Felicia Chi, Stacy Sterling","doi":"10.1111/add.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70116","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;To compare healthcare costs over 2 years between those who did and did not receive an alcohol brief intervention (BI) among adult primary care patients screening positive for unhealthy alcohol use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Population-based observational study, using electronic health record data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a non-profit, integrated healthcare delivery system of socio-economically and demographically diverse members in California, USA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Adult primary care patients, aged 18-85 years, who screened positive for unhealthy alcohol use between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2017 as part of a systematic alcohol Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) program (n = 287 551). Patients either received a BI for unhealthy alcohol use (BI group) or did not receive a BI (non-BI group).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;Total emergency department (ED) and inpatient costs summarized in 6-month intervals from index screening through 24 months post-index; multivariable models examined associations between BI receipt and cost, and potential moderation by patient characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance type, clinical characteristics including body mass index, smoking status, physical activity level, the Charlson index of comorbidity, baseline drinking levels, drug and alcohol use disorders and mental health conditions in the prior year and the corresponding cost in the year prior to index date).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Adjusting for patient characteristics and prior-year cost, the largest declines in cost were found in the 6 months immediately following the index date for both BI and non-BI groups, and patients receiving a BI had greater reductions [estimate = -$209, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = -$298 to -$119; estimate = -$11, 95% CI = -$14 to -$7, respectively] in total and ED costs, respectively, during this period compared with those who did not. Patients with a Charlson score ≥3 receiving a BI had lower total costs (estimate = -$621, 95% CI = -$1196 to -$46) and lower ED costs (estimate = -$24, 95% CI = -$47 to -$1) over 2 years, and patients with AUD receiving a BI had lower ED costs (estimate = -$33, 95% CI = -$66 to $0, respectively) than those who did not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Among US adult primary care patients screening positive for unhealthy alcohol use, individuals who receive an alcohol brief intervention at the time of screening appear to have statistically significantly greater declines in healthcare costs in the 6 months following screening than individuals who do not receive an alcohol brief intervention. Moreover, receipt of an alcohol brief intervention appears to be associated with statistically significantly lower costs in two particularly vulnerable (and historically costly) patient groups: patients with alcohol use disorders and those with a Charlson","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying an intersectional lens to alcohol inequities: A conceptual framework.","authors":"Sophie Bright, Charlotte Buckley, Daniel Holman, Hazel Squires, Naomi Greene, Nina Mulia, Carolin Kilian, Charlotte Probst, Colin Angus, John Holmes, Helena M Constante, Meesha Warmington, Robin Purshouse","doi":"10.1111/add.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior research has demonstrated substantial inequities in alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms, and mortality. These inequities arise from a complex interplay of factors, unlikely addressed by single factor analyses or solutions. Conceptual frameworks, such as the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) Research Framework, aim to reflect this complexity and support multifaceted research and action. This paper adapts the NIMHD Framework to focus on alcohol-related inequities and integrate core intersectionality principles.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We developed the Intersectional Alcohol Inequities Framework (IAIF) through collaboration among leading scholars in alcohol, intersectionality, and policy modelling. In a workshop centred on the core ideas of intersectional frameworks, we identified key factors influencing alcohol consumption and related harms, using the United States as a case study. Using thematic analysis, we grouped the discussion points, then mapped them against the NIMHD Framework. We searched the literature to expand upon workshop insights, iteratively refining the framework until reaching idea saturation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To align with the core ideas of intersectionality, the IAIF introduced new elements absent in the NIMHD Framework, specifically a 'power' domain, a 'historical' level, and emphasis on relationality. We also incorporated a 'digital environment' domain, to reflect an important element of contemporary social context, as previously identified by other health equity scholars. We provided examples of their relevance to alcohol inequities, highlighted practical applications for stakeholders, and discussed adaptability to other public health issues and contexts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Intersectional Alcohol Inequities Framework offers a tool for critical dialogue on how various factors, across multiple levels and domains, intersect to influence alcohol-related outcomes. It can provide support and guidance for researchers, facilitate the identification of research needs and gaps in current policies, support the design of new policies and interventions, and inform comprehensive patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis use patterns and comparison trends in Canada.","authors":"Benedikt Fischer, Didier Jutras-Aswad, Bernard Le Foll, Daniel Myran","doi":"10.1111/add.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing gambling harm requires a balanced focus on commercial factors, individual differences and their interaction.","authors":"Matt Field, Matt Gaskell","doi":"10.1111/add.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing trends in drug overdose mortality in Spain, 2001-2022.","authors":"Florencia Giné, Marta Donat, Juan Miguel Guerras, Gregorio Barrio, María José Belza, Julieta Politi, Enrique Regidor","doi":"10.1111/add.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To measure the evolution of drug overdose mortality in Spain between 2001 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, participants: </strong>A repeated cross-sectional observational study using nationwide mortality data from Spain, 2001-2022, among individuals aged 15-64 years.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>The outcome was overdose deaths [International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes: X40-X44, X60-X64, X85, Y10-Y14]. Annual age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) per million person-years were estimated. Joinpoint regression assessed changes in trends using annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC). Overdose deaths were grouped by the underlying drug categories involved: nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics (X40/X60/Y10); antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic, antiparkinsonism and psychotropic drugs (X41/X61/Y11); narcotics and psychodysleptics (X42/X62/Y12); other drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system (X43/X63/Y13); other and unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances (X44/X64/Y14); and drugs, medicaments and biological substances in the context of assault (X85). Intentionality (based on ICD-10 code characters) within the underlying drug categories was assessed. All analyses were stratified by sex.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>In Spain, 15 862 overdose deaths occurred during 2001-2022. ASMR increased by 49.0% over the period, from 24.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 23.0, 26.5] to 36.8 (95% CI = 34.7, 39.0) deaths per million person-years. APC showed a statistically significant change in trends in 2010, shifting from a -3.3% (95% CI = -7.3 to -1.7) decline to an increase of 3.4% (95% CI = -0.3 to 6.5). In 2018, a more abrupt change was observed, with the APC further increasing to 13.8% (95% CI = 9.3, 22.5). Females showed an earlier trend change (2006) with an AAPC 1.7 times higher (3.4%; 95% CI = 2.4, 4.7) than males (2.0%; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.7). Leading drug categories were other and unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances, followed by narcotics and psychodysleptics. In males, trends followed the overall pattern; in females, the antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic, antiparkinsonism and psychotropic drugs category predominated, mostly due to intentional overdoses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Between 2001 and 2022, drug overdose deaths in Spain increased substantially, beginning in 2010 and further accelerated in 2018, though population rates remain low. The most prevalent underlying ICD-10 drug categories were other and unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances-likely reflecting polydrug use-and narcotics and psychodysleptics. The observed rise in deaths involving antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic, antiparkinsonism and psychotropic drugs, particularly intentional overdoses among females, highlights the need for sex-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We need better measures to understand the influence of social media on substance use.","authors":"Benjamin Riordan, Damian Scarf, Megan Strowger, Gedefaw Alen, Taylor Winter, Emmanuel Kuntsche","doi":"10.1111/add.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}