Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Gender differences in the impact of psychological distress on methamphetamine use disorder outcomes and treatment effect.","authors":"Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili, Himani Byregowda, Ryoko Susukida, Ramin Mojtabai, Rosa M Crum","doi":"10.1111/add.70315","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a major public health concern, often complicated by co-occurring psychological distress (PD). Evidence suggests gender differences in both the prevalence of PD and its impact on treatment outcomes. This study examined impacts of PD on MUD treatment outcomes, focusing on gender differences.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Secondary analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials of pharmacotherapy for MUD available on the NIDA DataShare site (accessed 19 October 2024). Individual participant data meta-analysis methods were used, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and accounting for heterogeneity across trials. Regression analyses were conducted for total sample and stratified by gender.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Treatment facilities in the US.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Adults seeking MUD treatment (n = 866).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>PD was assessed using the Addiction Severity Index psychiatric domain (≥24.6 cutoff). Outcomes included reductions in methamphetamine use and positive urine tests for methamphetamine and other drugs.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>PD was found in 39.9% of participants. PD was more common among women than men [odds ratio (OR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-2.12], and among individuals who were younger (ages 35-45 vs. <35: OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.61-0.85; >45 vs. < 35: OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44-0.88), had lower education (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.16-1.65), chronic medical conditions (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.16-2.20), history of injection drug use (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.13-1.91) and prior treatment for alcohol use disorder (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.64-3.84). PD was associated with lower odds of reduced use [adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66-0.82] and higher odds of positive methamphetamine urine tests (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.08-1.49). Stratified analyses revealed a stronger association among women between PD and lower odds of reduced use (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.23-0.75) and higher odds of positive urine tests for methamphetamine (aOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.25-3.81) and other drugs (aOR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.53-6.47), whereas men showed no statistically significant impact of PD on treatment outcomes. A statistically significant interaction between treatment, gender and PD (P < 0.001) indicated that women without PD benefited more from treatment than those with PD, a pattern not mirrored in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychological distress appears to negatively impact outcomes for MUD and the effects of MUD treatment, particularly among women. Integrated psychological interventions, tailored by gender, may enhance treatment efficacy for individuals with co-occurring MUD and psychological distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1483-1494"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12961701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal subfield differences in people with and without recreational ketamine use: Insights from multi-modal neuroimaging.","authors":"Yi-Hsuan Liu, Chia-Chun Hung, Marc N Potenza, Kun-Hsien Chou, Pei-Lin Lee, Chu-Chung Huang, Chiang-Shan R Li, Tony Szu-Hsien Lee, Ching-Po Lin","doi":"10.1111/add.70331","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70331","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aims: &lt;/strong&gt;Recreational ketamine use has increased globally and is associated with psychiatric and cognitive concerns. The hippocampus in preclinical models shows damage and working-memory disruption with repeated dosing. However, whether specific hippocampal subregions may differ in people with chronic ketamine use remains unclear. In Taiwan, ketamine is predominantly consumed by smoking ketamine mixed with tobacco, producing smoking-related behavioral profiles like non-ketamine tobacco use participants (TUs). We therefore examined individuals with urine-confirmed ketamine as the only detected substance who reported predominantly smoking-administered recreational use (KUs) and used TUs as controls. This study aimed to: (1) characterize ketamine-use patterns and psychiatric symptoms; (2) compare working-memory and affective-behavioral measures between KUs and TUs; (3) quantify group differences in hippocampal subregion volumes; and (4) assess group differences in functional connectivity (FC) of identified subregions and relationships with neurotransmitter receptor distributions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Cross-sectional case-control study with cognitive testing and neuroimaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Community-based recruitment in Taiwan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;58 KUs (44 males; mean age = 21.00 ± 4.57) and 73 TUs (52 males; mean age = 24.34 ± 5.86).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;Ketamine-use patterns (Addiction Severity Index), psychiatric symptoms [Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)], working-memory (N-back), affective-behavioral measures [Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ)], hippocampal subfield volumes (FreeSurfer) and functional connectivity (FC) of identified subregions (seed-based analysis). Spatial correspondence with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor density was evaluated using JuSpace.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Heavier ketamine use was associated with greater psychological distress [Global Severity Index (GSI) r = 0.343, P = 0.011], particularly anxiety (r = 0.457, P &lt; 0.001) and hostility (r = 0.442, P &lt; 0.001). Although self-reported impulsivity, aggression and reward/punishment sensitivity did not differ between groups, KUs showed reduced accuracy under higher working-memory load [2-back: F(1, 124) = 4.16, P = 0.04, partial η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.03; 1-back: F(1, 124) = 8.10, P = 0.005, η2 = 0.06]. KUs displayed reduced left hippocampal volume [F(1, 119) = 4.23, P = 0.04, η2 = 0.03], most marked in the hippocampal-amygdaloid-transition-area [HATA; F(1, 119) = 10.52, P = 0.002, η2 = 0.08]. KUs also showed increased FC between left HATA and frontal, cingulate, temporal, subcortical, insular and cerebellar regions (P &lt; 0.05, AlphaSim corrected), which correlated with NMDA-receptor distributions (z = 0.30, P = 0.005, false discovery rate co","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1541-1556"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare but relevant: Ibogaine and cardiovascular complications-prolonged QT interval and ventricular arrhythmias.","authors":"Tibor Markus Brunt","doi":"10.1111/add.70319","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Revived interest in psychedelic-assisted therapies has also renewed focus on ibogaine, a psychoactive alkaloid, for its notable anti-addictive potential. Evidence from observational, open-label, and limited randomized placebo-controlled trials indicates that ibogaine and its metabolite noribogaine reduce craving and withdrawal symptoms in opioid and cocaine-dependent individuals, primarily through multiple pharmacological mechanisms; however, ibogaine presents a rare yet clinically significant cardiotoxic risk: QTc prolongation and potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias such as Torsades des Pointes. Case reports demonstrate that these events occur with therapeutic doses of ibogaine and in individuals without pre-existing cardiac conditions. A large interindividual variability in CYP2D6 metabolism of ibogaine was shown and might contribute to higher cardiovascular risk in certain individuals. Recent efforts to improve safety of ibogaine include different dosing strategies, cardiovascular monitoring and the development of ibogaine analogues, which retain anti-addictive efficacy while lacking cardiotoxicity in preclinical models. Future ibogaine-assisted treatment should be conducted exclusively under controlled medical supervision, with CYP2D6 genotyping and rigorous monitoring of cardiovascular functioning. Future clinical trials should prioritize evaluation of safer analogues and personalized dosing strategies to optimize the benefit-risk profile of this emerging therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1616-1621"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146008039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between gambling frequency and risk of harm: Analysis using health survey data from England and Scotland.","authors":"Esther Moore, Robert Pryce, Hazel Squires, Elizabeth Goyder","doi":"10.1111/add.70344","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Health economic models can be used to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of public health policies for gambling. To develop such a model, we must understand how gambling behaviour is associated with risk of experiencing gambling-related harms. This study aimed to: (1) assess the strength of association between gambling frequency and the risk of gambling-related harm and to examine how these associations differ when lottery-only players are excluded; (2) apply the study's findings in a hypothetical policy model aimed at reducing gambling frequency.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational study using six waves of cross-sectional data from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Survey conducted in England in 2015, 2016 and 2018 and Scotland in 2015, 2016 and 2017.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The sample included 16 648 adults (aged 18 and over) who reported gambling in the past year, generally representative of the populations of England and Scotland.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Gambling frequency was measured using 6 categories which indicated frequency in the past 12 months: (a) 2 or more times a week; (b) once a week; (c) less than once a week, more than once a month; (d) once a month; (e) every 2-3 months; (f) once or twice a year. Risk of gambling-related harm was assessed using Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) score (0-27) and its four categories: no-risk (0), low-risk (1-2), moderate-risk (3-7) and high-risk (≥8). Control variables included age, sex, deprivation, social grade, presence of mental disorder and frequency of drinking alcohol.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Using multinomial logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial models we found that gambling at least twice weekly was associated with a statistically significantly higher PGSI score than gambling once or twice a year (incidence rate ratio = 3.528, 95% confidence interval = 2.040-6.103, P value < 0.001). Reducing gambling to guideline levels for people gambling at least twice weekly moved 10% of the sub-sample from higher PGSI categories (low, medium and high risk) to the no-risk category and shifted the distribution of PGSI scores down.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There appears to be a statistically significant association between gambling frequency and risk of gambling-related harm. Data derived from this and similar analyses can be used to model gambling policies which impact gambling frequency.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1594-1610"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between the national 'Swap to Stop' programme offering free vapes for smoking cessation and quit attempts in England: Results from a population-based survey.","authors":"Vera Helen Buss, Emma Beard, Lion Shahab, Erikas Simonavičius, Linda Bauld, Jamie Brown, Leonie Brose","doi":"10.1111/add.70332","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Vapes are effective for smoking cessation. The UK Government launched the Swap to Stop initiative in England in December 2023, aiming to encourage people to quit smoking by providing free vape starter kits alongside behavioural support. This study aimed to assess the association between the introduction of Swap to Stop and the proportion of people in England who tried to quit smoking using vapes in the past year.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Data came from the Smoking Toolkit Study, a monthly cross-sectional population-based survey. The primary analysis used an interrupted time-series approach based on Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) regression models.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Telephone interviews with people residing in private households in England between December 2021 and December 2024.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>People aged ≥16 years who smoked in the past year.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>The outcome was vape use during past-year quit attempts. The intervention effect was included as a step change in December 2023 to indicate the start of the Swap to Stop programme. The model also included a dummy variable to adjust for above-inflation tobacco tax increases.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The primary analysis indicated that the introduction of Swap to Stop in December 2023 was associated with a 1.5 absolute percentage point increase (adjusted B = 0.015, 95% confidence interval = 0.005-0.025) in the proportion of people in England using vapes in past-year quit attempts that persisted to December 2024.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The introduction of Swap to Stop (which provides free vape starter kits with behavioural support to quit smoking) in England appears to be associated with a statistically significant increase in quit attempts using vapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1557-1565"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical trends in self-reported US heroin initiation.","authors":"Jonathan P Caulkins, Bishu Giri","doi":"10.1111/add.70370","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Illegal opioids create challenges for public health and safety. There is imperfect understanding of when use of illegally manufactured opioids increased. This paper examined data on self-reported year of first heroin use in the United States.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Secondary analysis of general population survey data.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>United States.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>1 708 720 across 38 surveys from 1979 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>The U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health and its predecessors ask respondents about their year of first use for various substances. In any single survey, few report initiating heroin in a specific year, but combining multiple surveys improves precision, enabling the plotting of time trends. Those who initiate can be broken down by age and by whether they report having misused pain relievers before they first used heroin.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Self-reported heroin initiation appears to have been rare before the late 1960s, although data for those years are sparse. It rose sharply to a peak in 1972, fell by almost half, and remained stable from 1978 to 1994. It rose by about 75% in the late 1990s and a further 85% by the early 2010s. The proportion reporting misuse of prescription opioids before first using heroin increased from about one-third before 1990 to one-half by 2000 and 80% by 2010. The proportion who were over age 40 at the time of first heroin use increased from nearly 0 before 1990 to 10% in 2012 and about 40% in 2020-2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the United States, heroin initiation that is self-reported to have occurred after 2000 differs in magnitude and character from that from the late 1970s through mid-1990s. Changes began before dates commonly associated with restrictions on opioid prescribing. This appears consistent with a view that \"trading down\" from prescription opioid misuse to consumption of illegally manufactured opioids did not only occur after implementation of policies to reduce opioid prescribing.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1611-1615"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147281297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the economic effects of reducing the consumption of unhealthy commodities: An inter-sectoral input-output approach.","authors":"Damon Morris, Duncan Gillespie, Megan James, Penny Breeze, Alan Brennan","doi":"10.1111/add.70336","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Industry arguments against public health policies that reduce the consumption of unhealthy commodities often include the assertion that the policy will harm the economy by reducing production and costing jobs. However, this argument does not consider that consumers may spend money previously used for unhealthy commodity consumption on other products, benefiting other sectors and potentially offsetting those negative economic consequences. In this study we aimed to estimate the macroeconomic impacts of reducing consumption of alcohol, tobacco, confectionary and gambling, accounting for reallocation of spending from these commodities to alternatives.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We developed the open-source Commercial Determinants of Health Input-Output (CDOHIO) model version 1.1.0. CDOHIO models inter-sectoral linkages in the United Kingdom (UK) economy using published input-output tables to estimate the macroeconomic outcomes of changes in the total national consumer expenditure on selected unhealthy commodities and the reallocation of this expenditure to other consumption. We modelled a 10% decrease in total consumer expenditure on (1) alcohol, (2) tobacco, (3) confectionary and (4) gambling, assuming that the reduced expenditure was reallocated entirely to other products. The comparator in each case was no change in expenditure. We analysed six economic outcomes: (i) output (the total value of production in the economy), (ii) tax receipts from employees, (iii) tax receipts from employers, (iv) full-time equivalent employment, (v) total net earnings to individuals, and (vi) Gross Value Added (GVA), which is the primary outcome measure used as a proxy for national Gross Domestic Product.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For tobacco, confectionary and gambling, reduced spending was estimated to yield positive effects across all six measures. The total effect of a 10% reduction in confectionary spending was an increase in GVA of £0.389 billion (0.02%), for reduced spending on tobacco, +£1.859 billion GVA (+0.09%) and for gambling +£1.250 billion GVA (+0.06%). For alcohol, a 10% reduction in spending led to a small negative effect on GVA (-£0.134 billion, -0.01%), which is the net effect of positive effects of reduced spending on off-trade alcohol (+£2.543 billion) and negative effects of reduced spending on on-trade alcohol (-£2.677 billion).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The potential negative macroeconomic impacts of reducing spending on tobacco, confectionary and gambling in the United Kingdom could be more than mitigated when consumers reallocate money spent on these products to other consumption. This is also the case for off-trade alcohol consumption, but not for on-trade alcohol consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1398-1407"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional genetic and phenotypic links between smoking and striatal iron content involving dopaminergic and inflammatory pathways.","authors":"Olga Trofimova, Ilaria Iuliani, Sven Bergmann","doi":"10.1111/add.70311","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and lung diseases. A better understanding of its neurobiological underpinnings will benefit the prevention of smoking-related illnesses and mortality. Previous studies link smoking to increased iron concentration in the striatum, a central component of the brain's reward system, and to reduced cognitive performance. This study aimed to investigate whether smoking and striatal iron share common biological pathways and to assess potential causal relationships between the two.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the UK Biobank, we investigated phenotypic and genetic correlations, and causal relationships between smoking initiation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived markers of iron content (T2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping) in the bilateral putamen, caudate and accumbens nuclei.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found positive correlations between smoking and striatal iron (β ∈ [0.03, 0.40], P < 0.001), particularly when comparing current smokers with never smokers. Striatal iron was positively associated with pack-years (β ∈ [0.11, 0.13], P < 0.001) and inversely related to years since smoking cessation (β ∈ [0.06, 0.10], P < 0.001), suggesting iron levels may decrease after quitting. Genetic analysis confirmed phenotypic correlations, with shared genetic associations (P < 2.73 × 10^-6, or 0.01 for candidate genes) in genes related to dopaminergic, glutamatergic and synaptic systems (DRD2, PPP1R1B, NCAM1, DLX5, GGACT, NAT16, PLEKHM1). Causality analysis revealed a relationship from smoking to striatal iron via genes involved in synaptogenesis and plasticity (BAI3, SEMA6D, TENM2), with evidence of reverse causality from iron to smoking through inflammatory and immune system-related genes (ING5, NLRP7).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There appear to be links between smoking and striatal iron with complex causal mechanisms involving synaptic transmission and inflammatory circuits. Striatal iron content could serve as a biomarker for smoking-related neurobiological changes and a potential target for interventions aimed at mitigating cognitive decline related to striatal iron accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1580-1593"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146096720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Polysubstance Assessment Tool: Reliability, acceptability and feasibility of a novel measure of polysubstance use.","authors":"Amanda M Bunting, Charles M Cleland, S Michaela Barratt, Brittany Griffin, Jaimee Williams, Carrie B Oser, Joshua D Lee, Jennifer McNeely","doi":"10.1111/add.70349","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>There are currently no brief quantitative assessments that capture the drug patterns of people who engage in use of more than one drug on the same day or simultaneously. The current study examined the retest reliability, acceptability and feasibility of a new quantitative assessment to measure polysubstance use.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A tool for assessing simultaneous and same-day polysubstance behaviors, the polysubstance assessment tool (PAT) was developed in interviewer-administered and electronic self-administered formats. Participants were allocated 1:1 to receive either version of the PAT and returned one to three days later to repeat the assessment.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>New York City, New York, USA.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Adults (18 + years, n = 115) who reported use of more than one drug per day in the last 30 days.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Test-retest reliability estimates for dichotomous items were assessed using Cohen's kappa, Gwet's Agreement Coefficient 1 (AC1) and percent agreement. Continuous items were assessed with two-way mixed effects intraclass correlations. Bivariate analyses examined acceptability using nine Likert-type survey questions. Feasibility was examined via time to completion.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Overall reliability was moderate to excellent [Gwet's AC1 range 0.70-0.96; intraclass correlation (ICC) range 0.62-0.88]. Reliability was higher for simultaneous polysubstance use (Gwet's AC1 = 0.90) as compared with same-day (Gwet's AC1 = 0.70). Acceptability was high, with no statistically significant difference between the self- and interviewer-administered versions of the tool. Median time to completion was 7 minutes, and was statistically significantly lower for the self-administered tool (median = 5 minutes) compared with the interviewer-administered version (median = 8 minutes) (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A new polysubstance assessment tool appears to have good reliability and can be considered by researchers seeking a quantitative measure of polysubstance use behaviors given its simplicity, high acceptability and quick completion time.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1410-1420"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146163114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Morris et al.: Shifting consumption from unhealthy to healthy commodities.","authors":"Daniel Araya-Ríos","doi":"10.1111/add.70418","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70418","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"1408-1409"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147757595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}