Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Is methamphetamine blood concentration in emergency department patients associated with the clinical picture?","authors":"David McCutcheon, Jessamine Soderstrom, Mohan Raghavan, Francois Oosthuizen, Bianca Douglas, Sally Burrows, Jennifer L Smith, Daniel Fatovich","doi":"10.1111/add.16765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to describe clinical features and outcomes of patients presenting to the emergency department with analytically confirmed methamphetamine intoxication, to determine the blood concentration of methamphetamine and to test its association with clinical findings.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The Western Australian Illicit Substance Evaluation (WISE) study is a prospective observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Royal Perth Hospital Emergency Department, Perth, Australia, between 2016 and 2018.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Patients suspected to be intoxicated with a stimulant, hallucinogenic or cannabinoid substance and who required intravenous access or blood tests as part of standard care. Those predominantly alcohol intoxicated, behaviourally disturbed or opioid intoxicated were excluded. The 431 participants with detectable methamphetamine (> 0.001 mg/l) included in this analysis had a mean age of 33.2 (9.4) years and 286/431 (66.4%) were male.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Concentration was reported for methamphetamine and other illicit drugs detected. Univariate associations of symptoms and signs, and physiological and laboratory parameters with methamphetamine concentration were determined and used to develop a multivariable model.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The median concentration of methamphetamine was 0.12 mg/L [Q1,Q3: 0.05, 0.27]. Psychotic symptoms were seen in 265/431 (61.5%) patients and intravenous or intramuscular sedation was required in 280/431 (65.0%). Mean heart rate was elevated at 105.9 (21.5) beats per minute, but other mean or median physiological parameters were within normal limits. A multivariable model showed that methamphetamine concentration was 27% lower in males (P = 0.026), 60% higher in those with palpitations (P = 0.013), 62% higher in those with choreoathetoid movements (P = 0.002) and increased by 1% for each unit (μg/L) increment in creatinine (P = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a cohort of emergency department patients with methamphetamine exposure, a multivariable model inferred a significant association between higher methamphetamine concentration and female sex, the presence of palpitations and choreoathetoid movements and creatinine concentration. The model showed no significant association with agitation, psychotic symptoms or other physiological or clinical parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily associations between sleep and alcohol use among veterans: Acute and cumulative effects.","authors":"Mary Beth Miller, Andrea M Wycoff, Eunjin L Tracy, Katie R Moskal, Brian Borsari, Bruce D Bartholow, Douglas Steinley, Christina S McCrae","doi":"10.1111/add.16770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Military veterans demonstrate high rates of heavy drinking and insomnia, but few if any studies have tested real-world, daily associations between sleep and alcohol use within this population. Moreover, although daily diary and experimental studies among civilians have found negative associations between alcohol use and sleep, these patterns change with consecutive days of drinking and may differ for those with insomnia. This study measured (a) acute and cumulative day-level associations between sleep and alcohol use among heavy-drinking US veterans and (b) the extent to which insomnia moderates these associations.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Self-reported ambulatory assessments occurring daily for 14 days.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>USA.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Heavy-drinking veterans (n = 118, 84% male, 79% White, M = 39y) with sleep complaints. Seventy-one met criteria for insomnia disorder.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Participants completed a semi-structured clinical interview and baseline self-report measures, followed by 14 consecutive days of morning sleep diaries. Data were analyzed using multilevel models.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Insomnia moderated day-level associations between alcohol use and sleep. Heavier drinking was associated with worse same-night sleep quality among those without insomnia [b = -0.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.09, -0.03], but this pattern was not statistically significant among those with insomnia (b = 0.02; 95% CI = -0.01, 0.04). Similarly, more consecutive nights of poor sleep efficiency were linked to lower drinking quantity among those without insomnia [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.83, 1.00), while better sleep efficiency was linked to heavier next-day drinking among those with insomnia (IRR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.01). More consecutive nights of drinking were linked to shorter sleep duration, regardless of insomnia status (b = -0.09; 95% CI = -0.18, -0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>US military veterans with insomnia do not appear to experience the same negative day-level associations between alcohol use and sleep that those without insomnia report. However, over time, drinking is linked to worse sleep in both groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"England's disposable vape ban: An inadequate solution to youth vaping with potential unintended consequences.","authors":"Eve Taylor, Harry Tattan-Birch, Katherine East","doi":"10.1111/add.16756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16756","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of a drink-counting and a breathalyser-coupled smartphone application for reduced heavy drinking among alcohol-dependent adults in Sweden: A randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Josefine Östh, Andreas Lundin, Peter Wennberg, Sven Andréasson, Anna-Karin Danielsson","doi":"10.1111/add.16769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Studies using smartphone apps in treatment for alcohol dependence are lacking. This study aimed to test the consumption-reducing effects of using two app-based alcohol interventions as complement to treatment as usual (TAU).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Three-armed, parallel, randomised controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Specialised outpatient clinic within the Stockholm Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>162 alcohol-dependent adults (46% female), with no social problems or mental disorders, who had no other drug use, were included. Mean age was 50 years, and the majority were highly educated, employed and had not previously received any alcohol treatment.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Participants were randomised to (1) TAU+drink-counting app (Glasklart, n = 52), (2) TAU+app-coupled breathalyser (iBAC Pro, n = 58) or (3) TAU only (n = 52). TAU included four sessions of clinician-led psychological treatment based on motivational interviewing/cognitive behavioural therapy, combined with pharmacotherapy when requested, for 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>The primary outcome was past 4-week heavy drinking days (HDD) at 26 weeks post-randomisation, adjusted for baseline HDD, and assessed by structured interviews using Timeline Followback. Secondary outcomes included weekly consumption, consumption patterns, phosphatidylethanol and dependence at 12 and 26 weeks. Analyses compared TAU+drink-counting app and TAU+breathalyser each with TAU alone.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>At 26 weeks, participants with TAU+breathalyser had statistically significantly lower HDD [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49, 0.91] compared with those with TAU alone. There was no evidence of any effects on HDD for those with TAU+drink-counting app, compared with TAU alone (IRR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.25) or of any other effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Sweden, treatment as usual (TAU) for alcohol dependence combined with a smartphone application coupled with a breathalyser was more effective than TAU alone in reducing self-reported heavy drinking. There was no evidence that TAU combined with a smartphone application for drink-counting was more effective than TAU alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported experiences and perspectives on using psychedelics to manage opioid use among participants of two Reddit communities.","authors":"Noa Krawczyk, Megan Miller, Emma Yuanqi Gu, Natalia Irvine, Elisbel Ramirez, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Thomas Lippincott, Michael Bogenschutz, Amanda M Bunting, Meredith C Meacham","doi":"10.1111/add.16767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The opioid crisis continues to exert a tremendous toll in North America, with existing interventions often falling short of addressing ongoing needs. Psychedelics are emerging as a possible alternative therapy for mental health and substance use disorders. This study aimed to gather insights on how people use or are considering using psychedelics to manage opioid use disorder (OUD), how these experiences are perceived to impact opioid use and what these lessons imply for future research and practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a qualitative study using the Reddit online community platform. We extracted posts that contained key psychedelic terms from the two most subscribed-to subreddits dedicated to discussions of OUD treatment (r/OpiatesRecovery and r/Methadone) from 2018 to 2021. We thematically analyzed content from 151 relevant posts and their respective comments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two prominent themes identified in discussions were perspectives on the effectiveness of psychedelics in treating OUD, and mechanisms through which psychedelics were thought to impact use and desire to use opioids. For many, psychedelics were deemed to have a strong impact on opioid use via multiple mechanisms, including alleviating physical symptoms of dependence, shifting motivations around desire to use opioids and addressing underlying mental health problems and reasons for use. Others saw the potential promise around psychedelics as exaggerated, acknowledging many people eventually return to use, or even considered psychedelics dangerous.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There appear to be diverse perspectives on the effects of using psychedelics to treat opioid use disorder and an urgent need for controlled studies to better understand the impact of different psychedelics on opioid use, how they may be used in the context of existing treatments and what strategies they must be combined with to ensure safety and effectiveness. Integrating the experiences of people who use drugs will help guide psychedelics research toward effective person-centered interventions to enhance health and wellness.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using ecological momentary assessment to quantify Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol use across different forms of cannabis: Feasibility in a sample of Canadian young adults reporting frequent cannabis use.","authors":"Sophie G Coelho, Sergio Rueda, Jeffrey D Wardell","doi":"10.1111/add.16768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To establish the feasibility of using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to estimate total quantities of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) used across different forms of cannabis, and to assess the predictive validity of THC estimates for predicting acute cannabis-related consequences.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>14-day EMA using a smartphone application to assess cannabis use in real time.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Canada.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Targeted sample of n = 42 young adults (59.52% women, mean age 25 years) reporting frequent cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Surveys completed immediately prior to cannabis use assessed the quantities, THC content and CBD content of various forms of cannabis to be used in the current session; participants also uploaded photos of the cannabis product labels when available. Surveys administered at fixed times throughout the day (84.81% completion rate) assessed acute cannabis-related consequences.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Participants completed a total of 786 pre-cannabis surveys, of which 79.39% and 77.35% contained sufficient information to calculate total THC and CBD (in milligrams), respectively. High agreement was observed between participant-entered THC and CBD contents and those shown in corresponding photos of cannabis product labels. Aggregating across all products used, participants reported using an average of 141.41 [standard deviation (SD) = 224.62, range = 0.00-2000.00] milligrams of THC (i.e. 28.28 standard five-milligram units) and 7.53 (SD = 34.87, range = 0.00-484.22) milligrams of CBD per day. Multilevel models revealed that participants were more likely to report acute negative consequences following sessions when their estimated THC use was higher than their typical THC use. At the between-person level, participants reporting more THC use on average across sessions were less likely to report negative consequences overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using ecological momentary assessment to estimate total quantities of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol used across different forms of cannabis appears to be feasible, with preliminary predictive validity for acute negative cannabis-related consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on-line experimental study.","authors":"Jamie Torrance, Alex M T Russell, Conor Heath, Philip Newall","doi":"10.1111/add.16732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Gambling advertising is nowadays prevalent in multiple jurisdictions and can take multiple forms, such as TV adverts and social media promotions. However, few independently designed interventions for gambling advertising have been empirically tested. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of an inoculative intervention video for gambling advertising, which was developed based on previous interventions for alcohol and tobacco, and which used input from academics and experts by experience.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Between-participants randomised online experiment.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>UK.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>UK-based gamblers aged 18-29 years (n = 1200) were recruited via Prolific.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Participants either saw a novel inoculative intervention video (7.2 mins) aimed at increasing resistance against gambling advertising strategies (n = 595) or a neutral control video (7.2 mins) on healthy eating (n = 605).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Participants completed pre- and post-test measures of gambling advertising scepticism and persuasion knowledge immediately before and after video exposure. They also answered the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and reported their past-month engagement with gambling promotional offers. A random subset of participants (n = 797) recompleted these measures at one-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The intervention group's post-test scores were statistically significantly higher than control for scepticism [estimated marginal means (EMM) = 40.32 vs. EMM = 34.72; P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.90-6.29, ηp2 = 0.17] and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 20.77 vs. EMM = 16.71; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 3.61-4.50, ηp2 = 0.21). One-month follow-up scores also remained statistically significantly higher in the intervention group compared with control for both scepticism (EMM = 38.26 vs. EMM = 34.73; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 2.70-4.36, ηp2 = 0.08) and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 18.63 vs. EMM = 17.21; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 0.88-1.95, ηp2 = 0.03). Within the intervention group, 21% of participants had stopped engaging with gambling promotional offers at one-month follow-up, reflective of a statistically significant reduction compared with control (EMM = 0.48 vs. EMM = 0.87; P < 0.001, 95%CI = -0.53 to -0.26, ηp2 = 0.04). Overall, the control group showed no statistically significant changes in any of their scores throughout the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An inoculative intervention video appears to increase young gamblers' resistance to gambling advertising and reduce their self-reported engagement with promotional offers.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of fully branded, standardized packaging and limited flavor and brand descriptors of e-liquids with interest in trying products among youths in Great Britain.","authors":"Eve Taylor, Erikas Simonavičius, Matilda Nottage, Ann McNeill, Deborah Arnott, Hazel Cheeseman, David Hammond, Jessica Reid, Pete Driezen, Kimberly D'Mello, Katherine East","doi":"10.1111/add.16763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Many vaping products feature bright colors and novel brand names and flavor descriptors, which may appeal to youth. We measured the strength of the associations between e-liquid packaging design (branded, white standardized or white standardized limiting brand and flavor descriptors) and perceived peer interest in trying the e-liquids among youth.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A between-subjects online experiment.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The Action on Smoking and Health Smokefree Great Britain (GB) Youth 2021 online survey.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants included 1628 youth aged 11-18, 51.9% female, 71.8% socioeconomic status ABC1 (the three highest Market Research Society grades).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Participants were randomized to view a set of three images of e-liquids from one of three packaging conditions: (1) fully branded (control), (2) white standardized with usual brand names and flavor descriptors or (3) white standardized with coded brand names and limited flavor descriptors. Participants were asked which e-liquid they thought people their age would be most interested in trying and could select a product, 'none of these', or 'do not know'. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test associations between selecting 'none of these' ('no interest') versus any product ('interest') or 'do not know' and packaging condition. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, vaping status and smoking status.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Compared with fully branded packaging (22.7%; reference category), youth had higher odds of reporting no perceived peer interest in trying e-liquids in standardized packs with brand codes and limited flavor descriptors [30.3%, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.53-2.79], but not standardized packs with usual descriptors (23.1%, AOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.89-1.65). Youth had higher odds of reporting no perceived peer interest in e-liquids in white standardized packs with brand codes and limited flavor descriptors (30.3%, AOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.29-2.16, P < 0.001) compared with standardized packs with usual descriptors (23.1%; reference category).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Standardized e-liquid packaging that limits flavor and brand descriptors may reduce the youth appeal of e-liquids.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing a special issue of rapid research on disposable e-cigarettes.","authors":"Jamie Brown, Suzanne Colby, Natalie Walker","doi":"10.1111/add.16759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16759","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of racial and ethnic disparities in alcohol-related problems in light of different methodological approaches.","authors":"Yu Ye, Camillia K Lui, Priscilla Martinez, Thomas K Greenfield, William C Kerr","doi":"10.1111/add.16755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We applied the Institute of Medicine (IOM) definition of racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare to estimate disparities in alcohol-related problems. This estimation involved adjusting for drinking patterns, gender and age, with observed disparities further explained by socioeconomic status (SES). We compared results of five statistical approaches which use different methods for adjusting covariates.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>We conducted analysis of the repeated cross-sectional data from the US National Alcohol Surveys (NAS) from 2000 to 2020, comparing traditional regression, rank-and-replacement, propensity score weighting, G-computation and the double-robust methods.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>39 239 respondents aged 18 + across five NAS surveys oversampling Black and Hispanic/Latino/a populations.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Our primary analysis examined the dichotomous outcomes of the three alcohol problem measures: occurrence of negative consequences, alcohol dependence (using DSM-IV criteria) and alcohol use disorder (AUD, using DSM-5 criteria). The drinking pattern variables encompassed past year total alcohol volume and measures of heavy drinking, including the number of days consuming 12+, 8-11 and 5-7 drinks.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>After adjusting for age, alcohol volume and heavy drinking days, statistically significantly higher prevalence of DSM-IV dependence and DSM-5 AUD were observed for Black and Hispanic men who drank in the past year compared with White men who drank. For instance, the Black-White difference in AUD prevalence ranged from 3.7% (95% confidence interval = 1.1%, 6.2%) to 4.9% (2.1%, 7.8%)-, while the HispanicWhite difference ranged from 2.3% (0.1%, 4.4%) to 3.4% (1.1%, 5.6%), using different adjustment methods. Further adjusting for SES factors only moderately explained the observed disparities. We found consistent results in the estimation of disparities across all five methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There appear to be racial and ethnic disparities in alcohol-related problems between Black and Hispanic men in the United States relative to White men after alcohol drinking patterns and age are adjusted. The findings also exhibit overall consistency across the five different methods or measurement applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}