Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Deaths of despair.","authors":"Susanne MacGregor, Karen Duke, Aileen O'Gorman","doi":"10.1111/add.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in vaping trends since the announcement of an impending ban on disposable vapes: A population study in Great Britain.","authors":"Sarah E Jackson, Lion Shahab, Harry Tattan-Birch, Vera Buss, Jamie Brown","doi":"10.1111/add.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>There has been a rapid rise in vaping prevalence among youth and young adults in Great Britain since disposable vapes started to become popular in 2021. In January 2024, the government announced plans to introduce new vaping policies, including a ban on disposable vapes, to tackle youth vaping. This study measured whether trends in current vaping and use of disposable vapes have changed since this announcement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Segmented regression analysis of data collected monthly between January 2022 and January 2025 as part of the Smoking Toolkit Study, a representative household survey in Great Britain. We ran generalised additive models using data from all participants aged ≥16y (n = 88 611; 'adults') and from a subset aged 16-24y (n = 9276; 'young adults'). Main outcome measures were changes in trends in (a) the prevalence of current vaping and (b) the proportion of vapers mainly using disposable devices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before January 2024, vaping prevalence was increasing by 23.4% per year [relative risk (RR)_trend = 1.234, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.184-1.287] and use of disposable vapes was increasing by 17.7% per year (RR_trend = 1.177, 95% CI = 1.105-1.255). These trends changed after the new policy measures were announced (RR_Δtrend = 0.782, 95% CI = 0.696-0.878, and RR_Δtrend = 0.573, 95% CI = 0.487-0.673, respectively). Instead of increasing, vaping prevalence stabilised and there was a substantial decline in the proportion of vapers mainly using disposables from 43.6% (40.1-47.3%) in January 2024 to 29.4% (26.3-32.9%) in January 2025. Similar changes were observed among young adults (vaping prevalence: RR_Δtrend = 0.799, 95% CI = 0.645-0.990; use of disposable vapes: RR_Δtrend = 0.547, 95% CI = 0.435-0.688), with vaping prevalence stabilising between January 2024 and January 2025 and the proportion of vapers mainly using disposables falling from 63.2% (58.8-67.8%) to 35.2% (30.4-40.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following the announcement of an impending ban on disposable vapes and other potential vaping policies, recent increases in vaping prevalence in Great Britain stalled, including among young adults. In addition, there was a shift away from using disposable vapes, with people increasingly opting to use devices that can be refilled and recharged.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the longer-term efficacy of brief, alcohol-focused personalized feedback interventions for individuals with internalizing distress: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Marilyn L Piccirillo, Scott Graupensperger, Katherine Walukevich-Dienst, Elizabeth Lehinger, Kirstyn N Smith-LeCavalier, Katherine T Foster, Mary E Larimer","doi":"10.1111/add.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Efficacy of brief alcohol interventions for young adults with internalizing distress (i.e. symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress) is unclear. We tested the moderating effect of internalizing distress on the efficacy of alcohol single- and multicomponent personalized feedback interventions (PFIs).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Secondary data were analyzed from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the efficacy of single and multicomponent PFIs, compared with an attention-only control condition.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Participants were sampled from two West Coast universities in the United States. All study protocols were completed online.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants (n = 1137) were college students (63% female; M_age = 20.1 years; 62.6% non-Hispanic white) who reported on internalizing distress at baseline. Some individuals reported clinically significant symptoms (depression: mild/moderate = 24.0%, severe/extremely severe = 10.5%; anxiety: mild/moderate = 19.6%, severe/extremely severe = 11.4%; and stress: mild/moderate = 37.5%, severe/extremely severe = 6.0%).</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>There were four different alcohol single-component PFIs administered and an attention-only PFI control. Alcohol PFIs varied in their complexity and single-component PFIs (i.e. personalized normative feedback) were compared with multicomponent PFI (i.e. containing additional alcohol-focused psychoeducation).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Baseline levels of internalizing distress were measured using the summed total of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS). Drinking outcomes (alcohol consumption, peak eBAC, alcohol-related consequences) were measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Alcohol PFI (compared with attention-only control) reduced alcohol consumption and related consequences at 6-month [rate ratio (RR)_Consumption = 0.85, P = 0.004] or 12-month follow-ups (RR_Consumption = 0.76, P < 0.001; RR_Consequences = 0.85, P = 0.020), regardless of baseline DASS score. Participants with higher DASS scores (compared with those with lower DASS scores) reported lower 6-month alcohol consumption after receiving a single-component intervention (RR = 0.80, P < 0.001). However, individuals with higher DASS scores (compared to those with lower DASS scores) reported more 6-month alcohol-related consequences after receiving a multicomponent intervention (RR = 0.78, P = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Personalized feedback interventions may demonstrate efficacy towards reducing drinking in young adults and appear similarly beneficial across levels of internalizing distress, although lower-complexity interventions may be more efficacious.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impacts of policies controlling the spatial availability of take-away alcohol on consumption and harms: A systematic narrative review.","authors":"Shima Shakory, Brendan T Smith, Rachel Jansen, Breanne Reel, Erin Hobin","doi":"10.1111/add.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To systematically review the evidence on the impacts of policies regulating the spatial availability of off-premises alcohol on consumption and harms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Narrative review that examined peer-reviewed studies published from 2016 to 2024 on policy changes affecting the spatial availability of off-premises alcohol. Outcomes of interest were alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review identified 20 observational studies, primarily natural experiments, examining four policy types: malt liquor restrictions, sales expansion to retail outlets, privatization and changes to allowable alcohol content. Across studies, there was a suggestion that allowing alcohol sales in gas station convenience stores was associated with increased consumption and harms, whereas expanding to grocery stores was not. There was no clear evidence that restricting malt liquor reduces crime. Similarly, privatization was not associated with crime or health outcomes, though it was accompanied by price increases. Increases in allowable alcohol content were not associated with higher consumption, but decreases were associated with fewer alcohol-related emergency visits and hospitalizations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The impact of policy changes in spatial alcohol availability depends on the policy details and retail outlet types. To mitigate public health impacts, policymakers should consider comprehensive alcohol control measures, such as regulating convenience store sales and accompanying grocery store expansions with minimum unit pricing, taxation and marketing restrictions. High-quality natural experiments with pre-post designs, control groups and confounder adjustments are needed to better understand how these policies impact both the general population and high-risk subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-week associations between alcohol and other substance use and interaction with naltrexone among sexual and gender minority men in San Francisco, California, USA.","authors":"Caitlin M Turner, Joy M Schmitz, Janet Ikeda, Glenn-Milo Santos","doi":"10.1111/add.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine whether there were within-week associations between changes in alcohol use and changes in cannabis, cocaine or amphetamines use and, if so, to ascertain whether these associations varied by naltrexone use among adult sexual and gender minority men (SGMM) with mild and moderate alcohol use disorder (AUD).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Secondary analyses of data from the Say When study, a double-blind placebo-controlled trial comparing targeted oral naltrexone (50 mg) to placebo for AUD over 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Procedures were conducted at the San Francisco Department of Public Health from May 2015 to November 2020, in San Francisco, California, USA.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>98 of 120 SGMM who reported substance use beyond alcohol.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Mixed effects logistic regression models tested associations between alcohol exposures [ethyl-glucuronide (EtG)-positive urine screens, past-week binge drinking and past-week binge drinking frequency] and same-week use of other substances (positive urine screens for cannabis, cocaine or amphetamines), adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, income, depression score and treatment assignment. Associations by treatment assignment (naltrexone or placebo) were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Having a positive EtG urine screen was associated with higher odds of positive urine screens for cannabis [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.93, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.37-6.30, P = 0.006) or cocaine (aOR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.52-6.23, P = 0.002). Each additional binge drinking day was associated with higher odds of having a positive urine screen for cocaine (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.04-1.60, P = 0.018). Among those receiving naltrexone, greater binge drinking days was associated with increased odds of having a positive urine screen for cocaine (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.18-2.27, P = 0.003), while results for cannabis and amphetamines were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among adult sexual and gender minority men enrolled in a clinical trial, alcohol use was positively associated with cannabis and cocaine use. Naltrexone may mitigate cocaine use in this group by moderating binge drinking or diminishing the rewarding effects of cocaethylene. Findings highlight the potential of targeted naltrexone as an intervention to address alcohol and cocaine co-use and improve treatment outcomes in this underserved group.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naloxone dosing in the era of synthetic opioids: Applying the Goldilocks principle.","authors":"Mariana Gonzalez Utrilla, Edward Chesney, Joanne Neale, Nicola Metrebian, Nicola Kalk, Arne Kristian Skulberg, Paul Dietze, Martin Smith, John Strang","doi":"10.1111/add.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The opioid overdose epidemic remains a critical public health crisis. In recent years, synthetic opioids like fentanyl and nitazenes, have driven a sharp rise in deaths. Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, has been established as a key intervention for reversing opioid overdoses and saving lives. However, there remains a critical need to optimize naloxone dosing strategies. This article examines the challenges of both under-dosing and over-antagonism in naloxone administration, emphasizing the importance of a tailored approach to overdose management. A 'just the right dose' approach is essential for minimizing the risks of over-antagonism while still reversing opioid overdose. This involves starting with a modest naloxone dose and carefully titrating it based on the patient's response, considering factors such as opioid type, overdose severity, and opioid tolerance. A tailored approach to naloxone dosing may present challenges for non-medically trained responders but it can ensure that as many people as possible receive the right dose of naloxone when they need it. Training programs should also emphasize the importance of first aid and supportive care, including airway management and alerting emergency services, as well as careful monitoring of the patient's response.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Johnstone et al.: Mechanisms underlying extended pre-quit varenicline treatment for smoking cessation","authors":"Jed E. Rose","doi":"10.1111/add.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70067","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Currently available smoking cessation pharmacotherapies (nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline) have limited effectiveness, and one strategy for improving on them has been to initiate treatment several weeks before the quit date. Not only does this increase efficacy [&lt;span&gt;2-5&lt;/span&gt;], but pre-quit initiation of treatment also affords an opportunity to assess predictors of efficacy and adapt treatment before a target quit date. [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;] This new research by Johnstone &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] sought to identify behavioral mechanisms underlying the efficacy of extended pre-quit treatment with varenicline.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Consistent with the hypothesis that varenicline attenuates nicotine reinforcement, the authors found that pre-quit reductions in smoking rate occurred, which, along with decreased pre-quit craving and increased self-efficacy, mediated abstinence. Surprisingly, however, subjective rewarding or aversive effects of cigarettes were not mediators of abstinence. These results are amenable to two quite different interpretations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One interpretation is that the reinforcement mechanisms maintaining cigarette use and dependence are dissociable from the evaluative conditioning that underlies ratings of subjective reward. That is, the smoking response/nicotine reinforcement outcome association can be degraded by varenicline without substantially changing the subjective evaluation of cigarettes. Indeed, evaluative conditioning has been found to be resistant to extinction and counterconditioning [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. Previous studies have found that some subjective responses such as ‘craving reduction’ after smoking do not appear to be affected by varenicline [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. A related concept that might apply is ‘automatic reinforcement’ [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;], whereby a behavior becomes reinforcing in itself, apart from signaling a subsequent outcome such as nicotine reinforcement. The persistence of smoking cigarettes with little or no nicotine content [&lt;span&gt;10, 11&lt;/span&gt;] is consistent with this general view that subjective ratings of reward can be partially dissociated from nicotine reinforcement. Neural correlates of this dissociation have been identified in the dorsal striatum, premotor cortex and other brain regions [&lt;span&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A second interpretation, however, is that the perceived rewarding value of cigarettes is dissociated from abstinence because individuals adjust their rate of smoking to compensate for the reduction in anticipated reward. A cigarette smoked after a period of abstinence, such as the first one of the day, is often rated more rewarding than others [&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;]. Therefore, reducing smoking frequency by spacing cigarettes farther apart would tend to offset the reward attenuation by varenicline and obscure a relationship between subjective reward and abstinence outcomes. Actual subjective reward could appear unchanged even if anticipated subjective reward were reduced and mediated ","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 6","pages":"1238-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Piatkowski et al.: Anabolic-androgenic steroid testing sites are necessary to identify specific anabolic-androgenic steroid types that are commonly faked putting users at risk.","authors":"Thomas O'Connor","doi":"10.1111/add.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Day et al.: Singapore's approach toward drug rehabilitation.","authors":"Salina Samion, Jasmin Kaur, Chi Ching Leung","doi":"10.1111/add.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Young et al.: Clinical guidance is required for stimulant co-prescription with opioid agonist therapy","authors":"Nadine Ezard,&nbsp;Krista J. Siefried,&nbsp;Brendan Clifford","doi":"10.1111/add.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70061","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Young &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] present new findings on the lack of a relationship between prescribed stimulants and opioid overdose from a Canadian cohort of people on opioid agonist therapy (OAT). The authors drew from a linked database of fatal and non-fatal opioid overdose in the province of British Columbia from 2015 to 2020. The authors found no association between stimulant co-prescription and overdose. Importantly, as the authors point out, the incidence of fatal overdose was low (1/500/year) [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], testimony to the protective role of OAT [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] and underscoring the importance of community access to effective OAT. Promoting effective initiation onto [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;] and retention in [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] OAT is increasingly important in face of the rise of potent synthetic opioids and co-use with synthetic stimulants [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stimulant prescription among people on OAT is an emerging therapeutic area that may have additional benefits over OAT alone. Prescription stimulants are first line pharmacotherapy for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;], which coexists with an important proportion of people with opioid use disorder (recent meta-analytic data suggest 20% [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]) and is associated with more severe opioid dependence and psychiatric comorbidity [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. Young &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] reported 4.4% of the 9395 participants had an ADHD diagnosis recorded; of those, 31% (212 participants) were prescribed a stimulant. Consistent with the literature [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;], these data suggest a likely under-recognition and under-treatment of ADHD in an OAT population. Treatment of ADHD may improve retention in OAT [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;]. Although the study was not designed to assess reasons for or patterns of stimulant prescription, more work is needed to explore the role of effective treatment of ADHD among people with opioid use disorder. Diagnosis of ADHD in adults with coexisting opioid use disorder (with or without concomitant non-prescribed stimulant use) is complicated by overlap in symptoms and lack of validated screening measures for substance use disorder populations. Consensus guidelines recommend routine screening and prompt diagnosis and treatment in people presenting with substance use disorder [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Emerging evidence suggests there may be a role for stimulant prescription for the management of stimulant use disorder at doses higher than for ADHD [&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;]. Co-use of stimulants with opioids is implicated in rising fatalities in North America, suggesting coexisting stimulant use disorder with opioid use disorder may be increasing at least in those countries. Yet only 38 people (0.4%) of the sample of 9395 people Young &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] report on were noted to have a stimulant use disorder diagnosis, and only six (0.9%) of those prescribed a stimulant had a stimulant use disorder diagnosis. Indeed, th","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 6","pages":"1195-1197"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}