Psychometric evaluation of a trans-addiction craving questionnaire: The Craving Assessment Scale for Behavioral Addictions and Substance-use Disorders (CASBAS).

IF 5.3 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Addiction Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI:10.1111/add.70197
Stephanie Antons, Annika Brandtner, Andreas Oelker, Patrick Trotzke, Elisa Wegmann, Matthias Brand, Silke M Müller
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and aims: Craving is a central construct across different kinds of addictive disorders, but craving assessments are highly heterogeneous. Our aim was to develop a valid, standardized and short scale for assessing subjective feelings of acute craving for different substances and addictive behaviors using the same set of items. We aimed to test the resulting scale, the Craving Assessment Scale for Behavioral Addictions and Substance-use Disorders (CASBAS) for factor structure (proposing three factors: reward craving, relief craving, urgency) and validity (study 1) and sensitivity to changes in state craving perception (study 2).

Design: We conducted two independent studies. Study 1 followed a correlative design to test for internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity. Study 2 used an experimental within-subjects design with two conditions including a craving induction and three repeated craving measures.

Setting: Study 1 was conducted online. Study 2 took place in a German laboratory in individual sessions.

Participants: Participants were assigned to a survey (study 1) or condition (study 2) for one specific (potentially) addictive behavior (i.e. gaming, gambling, buying-shopping, pornography use, social network use, alcohol use, cannabis use and nicotine use) of those behaviors that they indicated that they felt they had used 'too much' in the past twelve months. Study 1: n = 1659 (58.5% female). Study 2: n = 287 (56.8% female). Samples were similarly distributed across the different behaviors.

Measurements: We used the CASBAS specified for the respective behavior plus convergent and divergent measures (study 1). In study 2, participants underwent an imagery-based neutral (i.e. brushing teeth) and behavior-specific (e.g. gaming/alcohol use) desire thinking task with CASBAS assessments before and after each task.

Findings: In study 1, the assumed three-factorial structure of the CASBAS was confirmed: the second-order model with a general craving factor fitted best, overall and per behavior (comparative fit indices and Tucker-Lewis indices > 0.95; standardized root mean square residuals < 0.04). The CASBAS proved to be valid by correlating highly with other craving measures (rs > 0.58) and lowly with divergent measures (rs < 0.10). Study 2 revealed significant differences in CASBAS ratings between measurements (i.e. craving decrease after neutral 'teeth brushing' condition and increase after addictive-behavior-specific condition), which indicates the CASBAS' sensitivity towards state changes.

Conclusions: A newly developed short scale for measuring subjective feelings of acute craving [the Craving Assessment Scale for Behavioral Addictions and Substance-use Disorders (CASBAS)] appears to be a reliable and valid instrument, able to detect increases in craving when people are exposed to behavior-specific cues, and applicable across a range of addictive behaviors.

跨性成瘾渴求问卷的心理测量评估:行为成瘾与物质使用障碍渴求评估量表(CASBAS)
背景和目的:渴望是不同类型成瘾障碍的中心结构,但渴望评估是高度异质的。我们的目标是开发一个有效的、标准化的、简短的量表来评估对不同物质的急性渴望和使用同一组物品的成瘾行为的主观感受。我们的目的是测试所得量表,即行为成瘾和物质使用障碍渴望评估量表(CASBAS)的因素结构(提出三个因素:奖励渴望、缓解渴望、紧迫性)、效度(研究1)和对状态渴望感知变化的敏感性(研究2)。设计:我们进行了两项独立研究。研究1采用相关设计检验内部一致性、收敛效度和发散效度。研究2采用受试者内实验设计,有两种情况,包括一种渴望诱导和三种重复的渴望测量。设置:研究1在线进行。第二项研究在德国的一个实验室进行。参与者:参与者被分配到一项特定(潜在)成瘾行为(即游戏,赌博,购物,色情使用,社交网络使用,酒精使用,大麻使用和尼古丁使用)的调查(研究1)或条件(研究2),这些行为表明他们认为自己在过去的12个月里使用得“太多”。研究1:n = 1659(58.5%为女性)。研究2:n = 287(56.8%为女性)。不同行为的样本分布相似。测量:我们使用了针对各自行为指定的CASBAS加上收敛和发散测量(研究1)。在研究2中,参与者在每个任务之前和之后都接受了基于图像的中性(如刷牙)和特定行为(如游戏/饮酒)的欲望思考任务,并进行了CASBAS评估。研究1证实了CASBAS假设的三因子结构:具有一般渴望因子的二阶模型在总体和每项行为的拟合效果最好(比较拟合指数和Tucker-Lewis指数> 0.95;标准化均方根残差< 0.04)。CASBAS与其他渴望测量高度相关(rs < 0.58),与发散性测量相关性较低(rs < 0.10)。研究2揭示了CASBAS评分在测量之间的显著差异(即中性“刷牙”状态后渴望减少,成瘾行为特定状态后渴望增加),这表明CASBAS对状态变化的敏感性。结论:一个新开发的测量急性渴望主观感受的短量表[行为成瘾和物质使用障碍渴望评估量表(CASBAS)]似乎是一个可靠和有效的工具,能够检测到当人们暴露于特定行为线索时渴望的增加,并且适用于一系列成瘾行为。
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来源期刊
Addiction
Addiction 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
10.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
319
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Addiction publishes peer-reviewed research reports on pharmacological and behavioural addictions, bringing together research conducted within many different disciplines. Its goal is to serve international and interdisciplinary scientific and clinical communication, to strengthen links between science and policy, and to stimulate and enhance the quality of debate. We seek submissions that are not only technically competent but are also original and contain information or ideas of fresh interest to our international readership. We seek to serve low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries as well as more economically developed countries. Addiction’s scope spans human experimental, epidemiological, social science, historical, clinical and policy research relating to addiction, primarily but not exclusively in the areas of psychoactive substance use and/or gambling. In addition to original research, the journal features editorials, commentaries, reviews, letters, and book reviews.
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