Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators to detoxification from opioid substitution treatment: A mixed-methods systematic review","authors":"Amy Bagshaw, Suleyman Shah, India Olchefske, Louise M. Paterson, Mike J. Crawford, Anne Lingford-Hughes","doi":"10.1111/add.70482","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70482","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the well-documented benefits of opioid substitution treatment (OST) in treating opioid dependence (OD), many people diagnosed with OD desire to live a drug-free life. The transition to abstinence involves detoxification: a gradual dose reduction of OST to zero milligrams. Despite these aspirations, only a minority of patients undertake detoxification, and successful completion remains limited. This mixed-methods systematic review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to detoxification from OST, to help provide a better understanding of what can be done to support patients and improve outcomes in OD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four databases were searched until 22 January 2025: PubMed, Embase, APA PsycINFO and CINAHL. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies of individuals with a diagnosis of OD undergoing detoxification from OST, or staff responsible for providing the treatment, were included. Studies of only pharmacological interventions were excluded. An integrated approach to data synthesis was used, transforming quantitative data into textual descriptions to integrate them with qualitative data and form one set of themes. Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used to assess the quality of included papers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 1999 studies identified, 41 papers were deemed eligible. Studies originated from the USA (22), UK (7), Sweden (6), Canada (1), Ireland (1), Norway (1), Switzerland (1), Australia (1) and China (1). The medications explored included methadone (28), buprenorphine (5), both forms (6) and unspecified OST (2). Studies were conducted in outpatient settings (29), inpatient settings (7), mixed settings (4) and a prison setting (1). Participants included patients (37), treatment providers (1) and mixed populations (3). Factors affecting detoxification were present at an individual and structural level, with overlap between influences at the initiation and completion phases. Eight themes emerged, comprising psychological and emotional factors (particularly around fear of detoxification), personal motivation, withdrawal symptoms, clinical and demographic factors, environmental factors, social factors, professional support and treatment models/interventions. 54% of included studies were rated high quality, and 37% of medium quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Detoxification from opioid substitution treatment appears to be commonly hindered by fear, emotional resurgence, low confidence, ","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"121 10","pages":"2607-2619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.70482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cannabis Research Image Database (CRESIDA): A standardized and validated image set for studying cannabis cue reactivity","authors":"Janna Cousijn, Emese Kroon, Chao Suo, Tom P. Freeman, Chandni Hindocha, Marianna Quinones-Valera, Valentina Lorenzetti","doi":"10.1111/add.70516","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70516","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cannabis cue reactivity paradigms are instrumental in studying the behavioral and neurocognitive mechanisms of cannabis use and cannabis use disorders; however, image sets used for cannabis cue reactivity paradigms vary between studies, and the lack of reliability and validity assessment hinders the quality of evidence they generate. The main aim of this study was to create a novel, open access, standardized and representative database of cannabis use-related images including control images matched by resolution, luminosity and complexity: The Cannabis Research Image Database (CRESIDA). The secondary aim was to examine whether subjective cannabis cue-induced craving was associated with cannabis use severity and whether this relationship was moderated by image type. As an illustrative example of how our open data can be used and how sample characteristics can shape cue reactivity, we also explored the role of cannabis–tobacco mixing by comparing cannabis cue induced cannabis and tobacco craving between individuals who did and did not mix the substances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An online survey was administered to participants recruited via online platforms, community advertisement and snowballing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>USA, the Netherlands and Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants/cases</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>689 participants who consumed cannabis monthly to daily (385 men, 298 women, 6 other) were recruited between January 2022 and May 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 93 cannabis images and 93 matched neutral images, participants each rated 31 image pairs for cannabis craving (the primary outcome), arousal, valence and tobacco craving. Participants were characterized for socio-demographic data, level of cannabis use and related problems and mixing cannabis and tobacco. A subset of 78 images was selected for further analysis based on cannabis craving results. Image ratings were evaluated for internal consistency (α). Furthermore, we examined the association between cannabis cravings and cannabis use characteristics, and explored if cannabis craving ratings were affected by image type (i.e. product, paraphernalia and actions) and by using cannabis alone vs. mixing cannabis and tobacco.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"121 10","pages":"2735-2746"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.70516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148343477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol consumption and the risks of morbidity and mortality across 39 diseases and conditions: A population-based cohort study in Korea","authors":"Thi Tra Bui, Hee-Yeon Kang, Jinhee Lee, EunKyo Kang, Jin-Kyoung Oh","doi":"10.1111/add.70518","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70518","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol is embedded in social life; however, alcohol control policies remain insufficiently enforced in Korea. Comprehensive evidence linking alcohol intake to disease and mortality is limited. This study estimated associations between alcohol consumption in Korea and risks of morbidity and mortality for 39 diseases and conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective cohort study using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data linked with death records from Statistics Korea.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Population-based customized NHIS data, a mandatory single-payer system covering the entire Korean population, between 2006 and 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>6 214 569 participants (57.36% males) aged ≥20 years who underwent two general health examinations during 2006–2009 and were disease-free at baseline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol consumption was categorized by drinking status and daily pure alcohol intake (seven levels in 10 g/day increments), averaged across two measurements (2006–2007, 2008–2009). The reference group comprised current abstainers at both examinations. Outcomes included incident cases, all-cause and cause-specific deaths for 39 diseases, followed through 2022. Covariates included age, income, body mass index, smoking, physical activity and comorbidities. Hazard ratios and lifetime risks were estimated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At baseline, 79.3% of men and 39.0% of women were current drinkers. For cancer (450 738 cases), alcohol consumption was statistically significantly associated with increased risks of seven cancers in men and four in women. On average, lifetime incidence rate of alcohol-related cancers was 9.96% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.83–10.09] among current drinkers and 7.88% (95% CI = 7.73–8.03) among current abstainers in men (2.1% difference). Among women, corresponding rates were 10.28% (95% CI = 10.07–10.50) vs. 9.89% (95% CI = 9.78–9.99) (0.4% difference). For diseases of the circulatory system (2 998 902 cases of ten subtypes), alcohol consumption was associated with increased risks of eight subtypes in men and two in women. In contrast, J- or U-shaped association was observed for ischemic heart diseases, heart failure (men) and cardiac arrhythmias (women), which was no longer evident in analyses using light drinking as the reference. Additionally, statistica","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"121 10","pages":"2671-2681"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of bariatric surgery on alcohol-use disorder and alcohol-related liver disease: A retrospective study","authors":"Thomas J. Williams, Andrew J. Palmer, Jason P. Connor, Gerald Holtmann, Paul J. Clark","doi":"10.1111/add.70487","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70487","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased risk of alcohol dependence is recognised following bariatric surgery. Modified gastrointestinal anatomy and neurohormonal profiles lead to altered alcohol metabolism, peak blood alcohol concentrations and enhanced reward circuits and cravings. For patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease, bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce liver fibrosis; however, the impact of bariatric surgery on alcohol consumption and consequent liver fibrosis has not been well-characterised using validated measures. This study examined the changes in alcohol consumption patterns, alcohol dependence and validated liver fibrosis measures before and after bariatric surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design, setting and participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study assessing patients seeking treatment for alcohol problems with a history of gastric sleeve (GS) or Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) in a quaternary hospital in Brisbane, Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Validated measures of alcohol dependence [Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and brief Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (bMAST)] and non-invasive liver fibrosis (FIB4 and APRI) were compared pre- and post-surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty patients were identified with prior GS and 10 patients with RYGB. Following bariatric surgery, body mass index was reduced by 14.5 (±9.39) kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Metabolic co-morbidities were less frequent post-surgery. Pre-surgery, the mean AUDIT score was 10.2 ± 8.9, with 9 patients having scores indicative of alcohol dependence. Mean AUDIT increased statistically significantly post-surgery (18.1, standard deviation ±11.4; <i>P</i> < 0.001) with 29 patients meeting criteria for alcohol dependence. AUDIT components relating to both consumption (volume, frequency) and harmful consequences of alcohol increased following surgery. Despite surgery lowering metabolic liver fibrosis risk, worsened liver fibrosis was observed [mean FIB4 (0.98 ± 1.8) and APRI (0.41 ± 0.83) increased; <i>P</i> < 0.05].</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within a cohort of adults seeking treatment for alcohol problems, increases in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm were observed following bariatric surgery. Despite improvement in risk factors for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease after surgery, non-invasive markers for hepa","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"121 10","pages":"2682-2690"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.70487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148147505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing outpatient pharmacologic treatment for veterans with alcohol use disorder using an academic detailing approach for primary care providers in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs: A retrospective quasi-experimental study","authors":"Mark Bounthavong, Marcos K. Lau, Sarah J. Popish, Jennifer Gray, Andrea Chen, Rebecca Graham, Nadia Jubran, Martin P. Stout, Erica Schultz, Chad L. Kay, Melissa L. D. Christopher","doi":"10.1111/add.70495","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70495","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although evidence-based medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) exist, they are alarmingly under-prescribed, particularly for United States (US) veterans. Only 9.5% of veterans who had an alcohol-related overdose death were prescribed a medication for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) in the year prior. Academic detailing (AD), an educational outreach targeting primary care providers (physicians, nurse practitioners and physician assistants), was implemented at the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to improve MAUD prescribing rates among veterans with AUD. This study evaluated the effectiveness of AD outreach to VA primary care providers (PCPs) on MAUD prescribing rates among US veterans with AUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective, quasi-experimental study using a staggered difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the difference in MAUD prescribing between VA PCPs who received and did not receive an AD outreach at VA between 1 January 2023 and 31 December 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>US Department of Veterans Affairs, the largest integrated national healthcare system in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 5153 VA PCPs; 3436 (66.7%) physicians, 1385 (26.9%) nurse practitioners and 332 (6.4%) physician assistants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinician-level outpatient MAUD prescribing rates (number of prescriptions per 100 veterans with AUD), which included prescriptions of acamprosate, disulfiram, naltrexone and topiramate. Mean differences in MAUD prescribing rates between PCPs were reported alongside their 95% confidence interval (CI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VA PCPs who received an AD encounter were associated with a statistically significant mean increase of 8.10 outpatient MAUD prescriptions per 100 veterans with AUD (95% CI = 5.20–11.01) compared with those who did not receive an AD encounter after adjusting for clinician-level characteristics. This was driven mainly by outpatient prescriptions of topiramate (+4.89; 95% CI = 3.18–6.60), naltrexone (+2.65; 95% CI = 0.90–4.40) and disulfiram (+0.43; 95% CI = 0.03–0.83). In the unadjusted model, there was a statistically significant increase in MAUD prescribing (+1.96; 95% CI = 0.25–3.68), but no statistically significant differences were reported for individual medications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"121 10","pages":"2701-2712"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent cannabis use disorder following recreational cannabis legalization in California, USA: A population-based interrupted time series study.","authors":"Alisa A Padon, Catherine A Cortez, Stacey E Alexeeff, Natalie E Slama, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Lynn D Silver, Stacy A Sterling, Cynthia I Campbell, Derek D Satre, Monique B Does, Kelly C Young-Wolff","doi":"10.1111/add.70597","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine whether and how rates of adolescent cannabis use disorder (CUD) in California, USA, changed after recreational cannabis legalization (RCL).</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>Population-based time-series study of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years with Kaiser Permanente Northern California healthcare system membership from January 2014 to February 2020.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The sample (n = 637 461) was 66.45% non-White, 50.93% male, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 14.07 (1.43) years.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Exposure variables included California state RCL passage (9 November 2016), which legalized possession, home grows and reduced penalties for underage possession; and implementation of legal recreational sales (1 January 2018). Outcome was the count of incident CUD diagnoses in each month, extracted from the electronic health record. Interrupted time series analyses were fit using Poisson regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the best fitting model, prior to RCL passage, CUD rates were decreasing [adjusted rate ratio (aRR) = 0.95 per year, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.92-0.97]. Rates increased at the time of RCL passage + 6-month lag (adjusted slope change aRR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.14-1.38). At RCL implementation + 6 months, there was a statistically significant negative slope change (adjusted slope change aRR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76-0.98). CUD incidence continued to increase, but was no longer statistically significant (adjusted trend aRR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.96-1.09).</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Among adolescents in Northern California, USA, trends in incident cannabis use disorder rates appeared to increase following recreational cannabis legalization passage, with increasing rates persisting through retail implementation and three years post-passage. Results underscore the importance of monitoring cannabis use disorder, in addition to measures of cannabis use prevalence and frequency, when evaluating the public health implications of cannabis legalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuing cannabis use after initiation: The role of social context, craving and problem severity during acute cannabis use episodes.","authors":"Jack T Waddell, Sarah A Okey, Jane Metrik, William R Corbin","doi":"10.1111/add.70593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70593","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;Cannabis craving is a central component of cannabis use disorder and is thought to increase during acute cannabis use episodes. However, our understanding of the relations between social contexts and naturalistic cannabis craving, and for whom these relations exist during daily life use episodes, remains scant. Equally limited is research characterizing the within-episode progression of cannabis use, particularly if social context and craving may be associated with continuation of use after initiation. The current study tested a theoretical model wherein social (vs. solitary) cannabis use contexts are associated with acute, in-the-moment cannabis craving and likelihood of continuation of cannabis use, particularly for individuals with more severe cannabis problems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Participants completed a baseline assessment and 14 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA). As part of the EMA protocol, participants completed four random reports throughout the day and event-contingent cannabis use reports shortly after cannabis initiation, which triggered follow-up reports 1.5 hours and 3 hours later. Baseline and event-contingent reports were used in analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Arizona, United States of America.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;N = 104 individuals (M&lt;sub&gt;age&lt;/sub&gt; = 36.16; 53% female) completed the study protocol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;Participants reported their severity of cannabis problems at baseline. Participants reported their current social context, type and potency of cannabis used and cannabis craving during cannabis use reports, and reported if they used any additional cannabis 1.5 and 3 hours later during follow-up cannabis reports.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Higher cannabis craving during cannabis initiation reports was associated with higher likelihood of continuing to use cannabis [standardized beta (b) = 0.22, 95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI) = 0.09-0.33]. There was a statistically significant interaction between social context and severity of cannabis problems in relation to craving (b = 0.36, 95% BCI = 0.12-0.56), such that social (vs. solitary) cannabis use contexts were associated with higher cannabis craving, but only within individuals reporting above average (but not below average) cannabis use problems. Thus, there was a conditional indirect association of social context on cannabis use continuation operating via augmented cannabis craving in individuals reporting more (b = 0.06, 95% BCI = 0.01-0.16) but not less (b = -0.06, 95% BCI = -0.17, 0.01) severe cannabis problems. Findings were consistent when estimating continuation of cannabis occurring 1.5 and 3 hours after the cannabis use report, when covarying for other cannabis use products, and when conducting subgroup analyses within cannabis flower vs. edible occasions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;Within individuals who report more severe cannabis problems, social (","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148917627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cannabis co-use on tobacco cessation.","authors":"Jodi M Gilman, Joanna M Streck, Randi M Schuster, Harrison T Reeder, A Eden Evins","doi":"10.1111/add.70588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70588","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148904514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are alcohol-free and low-alcohol drinks more expensive than regular-strength drinks? A descriptive analysis of sales data from Great Britain, 2024.","authors":"Abigail K Stevely, Luke B Wilson, Colin Angus, Nathan Critchlow, Inge Kersbergen, Mingchuan Tian, John Holmes","doi":"10.1111/add.70568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Alcohol-free and low alcohol [no/lo; ≤1.2% alcohol by volume (ABV)] drinks are increasingly popular in some high-income countries and offer potential public health benefits if used as substitutes for regular-strength drinks; however, perceived high prices may deter people from buying these products. This paper explored whether no/lo drinks are more expensive than regular-strength drinks. We compared for no/lo and regular-strength drinks: (i) average prices and price distributions; (ii) prices of products matched on brand and pack size; and (iii) average prices across different multipack sizes, container sizes and container types (e.g. bottle vs. can).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional analysis of population-level, off-trade (i.e. shops) sales data.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Great Britain, 2024.</p><p><strong>Cases: </strong>N = 21 147 no/lo and regular-strength stock-keeping units (SKUs, e.g. 6x300ml Heineken 0.0).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>We analysed data from the market research company Circana. Analyses were stratified by beverage categories: beer, cider, wine, spirits and ready-to-drinks (RTDs). Our primary measures were median prices of all products available and median purchase prices (i.e. weighted by sales volume). Prices were per standard serving size for each beverage type. We used quantile regression to test differences in median prices.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>In 2024, the median price of no/lo drinks available was lower than for regular-strength drinks (ranging from beer -19% to wine -44%; P < 0.001), except for RTDs (11% higher; P = 0.390). In contrast, the purchase price of no/lo drinks was 7% higher for beer (P < 0.001), similar for cider (0.4% difference; P < 0.001) and lower for wine (-47%; P < 0.001), spirits (-10%; P < 0.001) and RTDs (-31%; P < 0.001). Top-selling no/lo products were cheaper than matched regular-strength products of the same brand and pack size. For example, 15 of the 17 top-selling no/lo beers were between 6% and 42% cheaper than their regular-strength equivalents; however, the top-selling no/lo products were primarily premium brands, and no/lo beers and ciders were typically sold in smaller, less cost-efficient pack and container sizes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Great Britain, the alcohol-free and low alcohol (no/lo) products available to buy in the off-trade (i.e. in shops) are cheaper on average than regular-strength drinks, but people still tend to pay more for no/lo beer than regular-strength beer and pay a similar price for no/lo cider as regular-strength cider. This discrepancy is partially because no/lo beers and ciders are often sold in smaller, less cost-efficient pack and container sizes. The premium branding of top-selling no/lo products may also contribute to higher prices.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between state-level kratom regulations and poison center-reported severe medical outcomes and healthcare use: A United States national analysis.","authors":"Grant Comstock, Anthony P Gulotta, Lisa E Rein, Ryan Feldman","doi":"10.1111/add.70416","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.70416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Kratom use in the United States (US) has increased. Kratom is not federally scheduled; regulation is heterogenous and determined at the state level. Strategies include no regulation, bans and kratom consumer protection acts (KCPA) such as age limits, product purity or labeling requirements. Public health data informing these policies remain limited. This study aimed to compare rates of poison center (PC) reported kratom exposures, including those associated with severe medical outcomes and healthcare use, across US states with differing regulatory frameworks, and to characterize national trends in kratom exposures over time.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective observational study of kratom exposures reported to the National Poison Data System from 2010 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>All 50 US states and the District of Columbia.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 8919 kratom-related exposures were reported to PCs during the study period, including 5452 single-substance exposures (61%). Most cases involved adult males (69%), aged ≥18 years (8133; 91%).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>States were classified by kratom regulatory status into four categories: unrestricted (no regulations), KCPA, local restrictions (KCPA in 1 or more county, but no state regulation) or banned (retail sale illegal). The primary outcome was the incidence of severe medical outcomes defined as exposures coded by America's Poison Centers criteria as major effect (life-threatening or resulting in significant residual disability) or death. Secondary outcomes included rates of exposure, hospitalization and healthcare use (defined as hospital admission or evaluation in an emergency department, urgent care or primary care).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Kratom exposures increased from 19 cases in 2010 to 1242 cases in 2023 [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 69.0 compared with 2010; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 39.6-120; P < 0.001]. Severe medical outcomes increased from zero cases in 2010 to 158 cases in 2023; 2012 was the first year in which a severe outcome was reported (2023 IRR = 56.9 vs 2012; 95% CI = 14.7-221; P < 0.001). Overall, 13% of kratom exposures resulted in a severe medical outcome. Compared with states where kratom was banned, statistically significantly higher rates of exposures (IRR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.89-3.28), severe medical outcomes (IRR = 3.19; 95% CI = 1.78-5.70), healthcare use (IRR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.66-3.60) and hospitalization (IRR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.81-3.30, P < 0.001) occurred (all P < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were identified between other regulatory categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Kratom exposures and severe medical outcomes reported to United States poison centers are increasing nationally, though states with bans in place have experienced less pronounced increases.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":"2457-2467"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13486930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147757642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}