Addiction最新文献

{"title":"The effectiveness of a drink-counting and a breathalyser-coupled smartphone application for reduced heavy drinking among alcohol-dependent adults in Sweden: A randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Josefine Östh, Andreas Lundin, Peter Wennberg, Sven Andréasson, Anna-Karin Danielsson","doi":"10.1111/add.16769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Studies using smartphone apps in treatment for alcohol dependence are lacking. This study aimed to test the consumption-reducing effects of using two app-based alcohol interventions as complement to treatment as usual (TAU).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Three-armed, parallel, randomised controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Specialised outpatient clinic within the Stockholm Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>162 alcohol-dependent adults (46% female), with no social problems or mental disorders, who had no other drug use, were included. Mean age was 50 years, and the majority were highly educated, employed and had not previously received any alcohol treatment.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Participants were randomised to (1) TAU+drink-counting app (Glasklart, n = 52), (2) TAU+app-coupled breathalyser (iBAC Pro, n = 58) or (3) TAU only (n = 52). TAU included four sessions of clinician-led psychological treatment based on motivational interviewing/cognitive behavioural therapy, combined with pharmacotherapy when requested, for 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>The primary outcome was past 4-week heavy drinking days (HDD) at 26 weeks post-randomisation, adjusted for baseline HDD, and assessed by structured interviews using Timeline Followback. Secondary outcomes included weekly consumption, consumption patterns, phosphatidylethanol and dependence at 12 and 26 weeks. Analyses compared TAU+drink-counting app and TAU+breathalyser each with TAU alone.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>At 26 weeks, participants with TAU+breathalyser had statistically significantly lower HDD [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49, 0.91] compared with those with TAU alone. There was no evidence of any effects on HDD for those with TAU+drink-counting app, compared with TAU alone (IRR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.25) or of any other effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Sweden, treatment as usual (TAU) for alcohol dependence combined with a smartphone application coupled with a breathalyser was more effective than TAU alone in reducing self-reported heavy drinking. There was no evidence that TAU combined with a smartphone application for drink-counting was more effective than TAU alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported experiences and perspectives on using psychedelics to manage opioid use among participants of two Reddit communities.","authors":"Noa Krawczyk, Megan Miller, Emma Yuanqi Gu, Natalia Irvine, Elisbel Ramirez, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Thomas Lippincott, Michael Bogenschutz, Amanda M Bunting, Meredith C Meacham","doi":"10.1111/add.16767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The opioid crisis continues to exert a tremendous toll in North America, with existing interventions often falling short of addressing ongoing needs. Psychedelics are emerging as a possible alternative therapy for mental health and substance use disorders. This study aimed to gather insights on how people use or are considering using psychedelics to manage opioid use disorder (OUD), how these experiences are perceived to impact opioid use and what these lessons imply for future research and practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a qualitative study using the Reddit online community platform. We extracted posts that contained key psychedelic terms from the two most subscribed-to subreddits dedicated to discussions of OUD treatment (r/OpiatesRecovery and r/Methadone) from 2018 to 2021. We thematically analyzed content from 151 relevant posts and their respective comments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two prominent themes identified in discussions were perspectives on the effectiveness of psychedelics in treating OUD, and mechanisms through which psychedelics were thought to impact use and desire to use opioids. For many, psychedelics were deemed to have a strong impact on opioid use via multiple mechanisms, including alleviating physical symptoms of dependence, shifting motivations around desire to use opioids and addressing underlying mental health problems and reasons for use. Others saw the potential promise around psychedelics as exaggerated, acknowledging many people eventually return to use, or even considered psychedelics dangerous.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There appear to be diverse perspectives on the effects of using psychedelics to treat opioid use disorder and an urgent need for controlled studies to better understand the impact of different psychedelics on opioid use, how they may be used in the context of existing treatments and what strategies they must be combined with to ensure safety and effectiveness. Integrating the experiences of people who use drugs will help guide psychedelics research toward effective person-centered interventions to enhance health and wellness.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using ecological momentary assessment to quantify Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol use across different forms of cannabis: Feasibility in a sample of Canadian young adults reporting frequent cannabis use.","authors":"Sophie G Coelho, Sergio Rueda, Jeffrey D Wardell","doi":"10.1111/add.16768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To establish the feasibility of using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to estimate total quantities of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) used across different forms of cannabis, and to assess the predictive validity of THC estimates for predicting acute cannabis-related consequences.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>14-day EMA using a smartphone application to assess cannabis use in real time.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Canada.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Targeted sample of n = 42 young adults (59.52% women, mean age 25 years) reporting frequent cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Surveys completed immediately prior to cannabis use assessed the quantities, THC content and CBD content of various forms of cannabis to be used in the current session; participants also uploaded photos of the cannabis product labels when available. Surveys administered at fixed times throughout the day (84.81% completion rate) assessed acute cannabis-related consequences.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Participants completed a total of 786 pre-cannabis surveys, of which 79.39% and 77.35% contained sufficient information to calculate total THC and CBD (in milligrams), respectively. High agreement was observed between participant-entered THC and CBD contents and those shown in corresponding photos of cannabis product labels. Aggregating across all products used, participants reported using an average of 141.41 [standard deviation (SD) = 224.62, range = 0.00-2000.00] milligrams of THC (i.e. 28.28 standard five-milligram units) and 7.53 (SD = 34.87, range = 0.00-484.22) milligrams of CBD per day. Multilevel models revealed that participants were more likely to report acute negative consequences following sessions when their estimated THC use was higher than their typical THC use. At the between-person level, participants reporting more THC use on average across sessions were less likely to report negative consequences overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using ecological momentary assessment to estimate total quantities of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol used across different forms of cannabis appears to be feasible, with preliminary predictive validity for acute negative cannabis-related consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on-line experimental study.","authors":"Jamie Torrance, Alex M T Russell, Conor Heath, Philip Newall","doi":"10.1111/add.16732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Gambling advertising is nowadays prevalent in multiple jurisdictions and can take multiple forms, such as TV adverts and social media promotions. However, few independently designed interventions for gambling advertising have been empirically tested. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of an inoculative intervention video for gambling advertising, which was developed based on previous interventions for alcohol and tobacco, and which used input from academics and experts by experience.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Between-participants randomised online experiment.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>UK.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>UK-based gamblers aged 18-29 years (n = 1200) were recruited via Prolific.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Participants either saw a novel inoculative intervention video (7.2 mins) aimed at increasing resistance against gambling advertising strategies (n = 595) or a neutral control video (7.2 mins) on healthy eating (n = 605).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Participants completed pre- and post-test measures of gambling advertising scepticism and persuasion knowledge immediately before and after video exposure. They also answered the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and reported their past-month engagement with gambling promotional offers. A random subset of participants (n = 797) recompleted these measures at one-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The intervention group's post-test scores were statistically significantly higher than control for scepticism [estimated marginal means (EMM) = 40.32 vs. EMM = 34.72; P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.90-6.29, ηp2 = 0.17] and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 20.77 vs. EMM = 16.71; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 3.61-4.50, ηp2 = 0.21). One-month follow-up scores also remained statistically significantly higher in the intervention group compared with control for both scepticism (EMM = 38.26 vs. EMM = 34.73; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 2.70-4.36, ηp2 = 0.08) and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 18.63 vs. EMM = 17.21; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 0.88-1.95, ηp2 = 0.03). Within the intervention group, 21% of participants had stopped engaging with gambling promotional offers at one-month follow-up, reflective of a statistically significant reduction compared with control (EMM = 0.48 vs. EMM = 0.87; P < 0.001, 95%CI = -0.53 to -0.26, ηp2 = 0.04). Overall, the control group showed no statistically significant changes in any of their scores throughout the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An inoculative intervention video appears to increase young gamblers' resistance to gambling advertising and reduce their self-reported engagement with promotional offers.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of fully branded, standardized packaging and limited flavor and brand descriptors of e-liquids with interest in trying products among youths in Great Britain","authors":"Eve Taylor,&nbsp;Erikas Simonavičius,&nbsp;Matilda Nottage,&nbsp;Ann McNeill,&nbsp;Deborah Arnott,&nbsp;Hazel Cheeseman,&nbsp;David Hammond,&nbsp;Jessica Reid,&nbsp;Pete Driezen,&nbsp;Kimberly D'Mello,&nbsp;Katherine East","doi":"10.1111/add.16763","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16763","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Many vaping products feature bright colors and novel brand names and flavor descriptors, which may appeal to youth. We measured the strength of the associations between e-liquid packaging design (branded, white standardized or white standardized limiting brand and flavor descriptors) and perceived peer interest in trying the e-liquids among youth.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A between-subjects online experiment.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The Action on Smoking and Health Smokefree Great Britain (GB) Youth 2021 online survey.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Participants included 1628 youth aged 11–18, 51.9% female, 71.8% socioeconomic status ABC1 (the three highest Market Research Society grades).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Participants were randomized to view a set of three images of e-liquids from one of three packaging conditions: (1) fully branded (control), (2) white standardized with usual brand names and flavor descriptors or (3) white standardized with coded brand names and limited flavor descriptors. Participants were asked which e-liquid they thought people their age would be most interested in trying and could select a product, ‘none of these’, or ‘do not know’. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test associations between selecting ‘none of these’ (‘no interest’) versus any product (‘interest’) or ‘do not know’ and packaging condition. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, vaping status and smoking status.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Compared with fully branded packaging (22.7%; reference category), youth had higher odds of reporting no perceived peer interest in trying e-liquids in standardized packs with brand codes and limited flavor descriptors [30.3%, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.53–2.79], but not standardized packs with usual descriptors (23.1%, AOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.89–1.65). Youth had higher odds of reporting no perceived peer interest in e-liquids in white standardized packs with brand codes and limited flavor descriptors (30.3%, AOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.29–2.16, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) compared with standardized packs with usual descriptors (23.1%; reference category).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 4","pages":"620-628"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing a special issue of rapid research on disposable e-cigarettes","authors":"Jamie Brown,&nbsp;Suzanne Colby,&nbsp;Natalie Walker","doi":"10.1111/add.16759","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16759","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Much has been written about e-cigarettes since they first started to become popular early in the 2010s. A PubMed search returns over 10 000 articles including the terms ‘e-cigarettes’ or ‘vaping’. Research has established that e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes, effective for smoking cessation and were initially primarily used by people who had smoked cigarettes [&lt;span&gt;1-4&lt;/span&gt;]. Since approximately 2021, new forms of disposable e-cigarettes rapidly became popular in many countries [&lt;span&gt;5-12&lt;/span&gt;], including among never smokers, particularly adolescents and young adults [&lt;span&gt;3-7&lt;/span&gt;]. These devices typically deliver nicotine more effectively than older types, are sold cheaply and are widely available (as opposed to only being sold in specialist vape shops).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This rapid growth in the availability and use of disposable e-cigarettes in many countries raises important new research questions. In outlining our call for research on disposable e-cigarettes, we sought submissions that assessed the harms of, and addiction to, new disposable devices; sought to understand their appeal, marketing and harm perceptions; evaluated effectiveness for reducing cigarette cravings, supporting quit attempts and smoking cessation; described the epidemiology of use, including prevalence by key subgroups, the profile of users over time, and characteristics relating to use; estimated the extent to which use is displacing smoking or use of other e-cigarettes; modelled the impact at a population-level under varying assumptions and policy or regulation scenarios; or estimated the environmental impact of the products [&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since our call, the world has already moved on with many governments acting to address the rapid growth in uptake of disposable e-cigarettes, with new regulations specific to the new devices. For example, the United Kingdom (UK) has announced the sale of disposables e-cigarettes will be banned from June 2025 (under environmental legislation). From January 2024, the importation of disposable vapes was prohibited in Australia [&lt;span&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;], with a number of other countries implementing or considering similar measures. Rapid research to inform regulatory approaches is urgently required.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We received a number of high-quality submissions and are publishing 16 reports with three commentaries in this special issue, which we have grouped into the following themes: use and appeal of disposables in youth and young adults; the characteristics of disposables; and prevalence trends and harms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On the topic of youth and young adults, Hammond et al. [&lt;span&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;] documented an increase in the use of disposables from around 2020 to 2023 across Canada, England and the United States (US) among 19 710 16 to 19 year-olds who had vaped in the past 30 days, using data from the invaluable international tobacco control (ITC) project collected between 2017 and 2023. The study made it clear that although all three co","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 3","pages":"398-401"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of racial and ethnic disparities in alcohol-related problems in light of different methodological approaches.","authors":"Yu Ye, Camillia K Lui, Priscilla Martinez, Thomas K Greenfield, William C Kerr","doi":"10.1111/add.16755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We applied the Institute of Medicine (IOM) definition of racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare to estimate disparities in alcohol-related problems. This estimation involved adjusting for drinking patterns, gender and age, with observed disparities further explained by socioeconomic status (SES). We compared results of five statistical approaches which use different methods for adjusting covariates.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>We conducted analysis of the repeated cross-sectional data from the US National Alcohol Surveys (NAS) from 2000 to 2020, comparing traditional regression, rank-and-replacement, propensity score weighting, G-computation and the double-robust methods.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>39 239 respondents aged 18 + across five NAS surveys oversampling Black and Hispanic/Latino/a populations.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Our primary analysis examined the dichotomous outcomes of the three alcohol problem measures: occurrence of negative consequences, alcohol dependence (using DSM-IV criteria) and alcohol use disorder (AUD, using DSM-5 criteria). The drinking pattern variables encompassed past year total alcohol volume and measures of heavy drinking, including the number of days consuming 12+, 8-11 and 5-7 drinks.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>After adjusting for age, alcohol volume and heavy drinking days, statistically significantly higher prevalence of DSM-IV dependence and DSM-5 AUD were observed for Black and Hispanic men who drank in the past year compared with White men who drank. For instance, the Black-White difference in AUD prevalence ranged from 3.7% (95% confidence interval = 1.1%, 6.2%) to 4.9% (2.1%, 7.8%)-, while the HispanicWhite difference ranged from 2.3% (0.1%, 4.4%) to 3.4% (1.1%, 5.6%), using different adjustment methods. Further adjusting for SES factors only moderately explained the observed disparities. We found consistent results in the estimation of disparities across all five methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There appear to be racial and ethnic disparities in alcohol-related problems between Black and Hispanic men in the United States relative to White men after alcohol drinking patterns and age are adjusted. The findings also exhibit overall consistency across the five different methods or measurement applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Borodovsky et al.: Enhancing research on THC quantification—Consumer awareness through accurate labelling","authors":"Rachel Lees Thorne,&nbsp;Tom P. Freeman","doi":"10.1111/add.16758","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16758","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Borodovsky and colleagues [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;] found that higher daily THC consumption was associated with a greater number of CUD symptoms and higher odds for meeting clinical thresholds for CUD in a large sample of United States (US) respondents. This represents an important step in our ability to estimate dose-related risk of a key public health outcome that occurs in approximately one in five people who use cannabis [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. To calculate THC consumption in their comprehensive online survey, participants reported their daily quantity of cannabis use over the past week across a range of product types and estimated the potency of the cannabis that they had used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Both quantity and potency of cannabis are needed to estimate THC consumption, and both have been linked to important health outcomes [&lt;span&gt;1, 6, 7&lt;/span&gt;]. Overlooking these factors in previous research may have affected our understanding of the associations between cannabis and health outcomes such as CUD. However, estimating quantity and potency is not straightforward and requires more in depth questioning than estimating frequency alone. Several assessments, including Borodovsky and colleagues' [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;] work, have set out to comprehensively assess THC consumption, however, several factors may influence the accuracy of estimation of these data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Across the United States, there is a complex picture of differing legal frameworks surrounding the availability and sale of medicinal and/or recreational cannabis. Outside of the United States, most people who use cannabis do so in a setting in which cannabis is not legally sold or purchased. In legal markets, accurate information about cannabis products including quantity and potency can be included on labelling and packaging. In reality, this is not always the case, as cannabis products are not always correctly labelled [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. Moreover, current labelling may not be accessible enough for consumers to interpret and retain this information. Consequently, many people who use cannabis report that they are not aware of the THC quantity in the products they consume, even in legal markets [&lt;span&gt;9, 10&lt;/span&gt;]. Moreover, where cannabis is purchased illegally, consumers may lack accurate information on the cannabis they are purchasing. Researchers often need to rely on participants' recall of this information to estimate their THC consumption and, therefore, this may introduce bias to our estimates. However, recent research indicates that THC consumption can be estimated by collecting data on product type and its average THC concentration, together with amount and frequency of use, with strong validity according to urinary THC concentrations [&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;]. Nevertheless, we need to understand the influence of contextual factors on participant accuracy of estimation of their THC consumption, as well as encourage better labelling of cannabis products to improve consumers' knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, accurate la","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 4","pages":"686-687"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the impact of sports-related gambling advertising on gambling behaviour? A systematic review","authors":"Ellen McGrane,&nbsp;Robert Pryce,&nbsp;Matt Field,&nbsp;Shangshang Gu,&nbsp;Esther C. Moore,&nbsp;Elizabeth Goyder","doi":"10.1111/add.16761","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16761","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gambling is a public health issue and widespread advertising of gambling products may contribute to gambling harms. Sports-related gambling advertising includes advertising around sports games or for sports betting products. This review aimed to provide the most systematic and up-to-date review of the literature on the association between sports-related gambling advertising and gambling behaviour.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search of quantitative studies up to 13 February 2024 was undertaken following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were quantitative studies published in the English language exploring the association between sports-related gambling advertising and gambling behaviour. Traditional database searches (Medline, Scopus, PsychInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library) were undertaken alongside citation, author and website searches. Studies were narratively synthesised, and the overall quality of the evidence was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two studies were included in this review covering traditional, digital, direct, embedded, inducement and aggregate advertising. The majority (<i>n</i> = 16) of research was undertaken in Australia on adult populations. Results suggest that sports-related gambling advertising is associated with increases in perceived, intended and actual frequency of (<i>n</i> = 6 studies) and expenditure on (<i>n</i> = 3) gambling, unplanned or unintended gambling (<i>n</i> = 2), the likelihood of gambling (<i>n</i> = 2), the likelihood of using a sponsor's product (<i>n</i> = 2) and, in some cases, the complexity or riskiness of bets placed (<i>n</i> = 2). Studies suggest that the self-reported effect may be more pronounced in higher-risk gamblers (<i>n</i> = 7). Preliminary evidence suggests that specific inducements which reduce the riskiness or cost of gambling appear to be particularly influential (<i>n</i> = 3). Limitations of the evidence base include the lack of standardised measures and use of observational designs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exposure to sports-related gambling advertising appears to be associated with increased gambling behaviour for a wide range of advertising media. This association may be more pronounced in higher-risk gamblers who are already at increased risk of harm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 4","pages":"589-607"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Sun and Tang: Measurement assessment and validity in problematic smartphone use","authors":"Richard J. E. James,&nbsp;Lucy Hitcham","doi":"10.1111/add.16764","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16764","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The thoughtful choice of estimation procedures for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and invariance testing is worth particular attention. Many assessment studies use maximum likelihood (ML or MLR with robust standard errors) for CFA despite well-known limitations when applied to ordinal data [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. A popular alternative is to use limited information estimation, for example, weighted least squares (WLSMV) to overcome these. However, doing so comes with major drawbacks, most notably when assessing measurement invariance [&lt;span&gt;8, 9&lt;/span&gt;]. Sun and Tang [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;] carefully balance the strengths of both MLR and WLSMV to validate the Problematic Smartphone Use Scale among Chinese college students (PSUS-C). These considerations are valuable across the entirety of addiction research, especially in domains or populations where endorsement of indicators might be skewed (e.g. gambling, certain forms of substance use and general population samples). To illustrate why these problems matter, CFA studies have repeatedly shown inconsistent evidence of structural validity in prominent scales such as the Problem Gambling Severity Index [&lt;span&gt;10, 11&lt;/span&gt;]. However, closer examination suggests that most of this inconsistency is an artifact of using ML on ordinal questionnaire items in general population samples where the distribution of responses is often skewed. When analyzed using an approach that balances the strengths of both ML and WLSMV, these inconsistencies disappear [&lt;span&gt;11, 12&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The findings also highlight an important tension between identifying the best-fitting factor structure and deciding how a scale should be used. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and CFA rejected a single-factor model in this study, yet a sum score was used to assess criterion validity. We raise this to promote the benefits of testing models specifying either a second-order or a bifactor structure because these can assess whether a single score is appropriate [&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;]. This is an issue across the PSU field, where many scales have been validated as multi-dimensional. but are used as a single score. This tension is a source of analytic flexibility and a potential threat to the validity of many findings, especially when methods such as structural equation modelling are used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our final reflection underscores the importance of invariance testing. Despite concluding in favor of strict invariance, there does not appear to be a comparison of latent mean differences that would allow a stronger test of group differences. Our examination of the descriptive data suggests the absence of a substantial sex difference in PSUS-C scores in this large, externally representative sample. We calculated the standardized effect size (d) using the mean (M) and SD statistics reported in table 1 (men: M = 58.05, SD = 18.09; women: M = 57.52, SD = 16.12). The difference observed in this study does not appear to practically differ from zero (d =","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 4","pages":"642-644"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}