Addiction最新文献

{"title":"Nationwide trends in diagnosed sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use disorders in adolescents and young adults enrolled in Medicaid: 2001-2019.","authors":"Greta Bushnell, Kristen Lloyd, Mark Olfson, Tobias Gerhard, Katherine Keyes, Magdalena Cerdá, Deborah Hasin","doi":"10.1111/add.16749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use disorders (SHA-UD) are defined by significant impairment or distress caused by recurrent sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use. This study aimed to measure trends in the prevalence of SHA-UD diagnoses in adolescent and young adult US Medicaid enrollees from 2001 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Annual, cross-sectional study, 2001-2019.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Medicaid Analytic eXtracts (MAX) and Transformed Medicaid Analytic Files (TAF) from 42 US states with complete data.</p><p><strong>Participants/cases: </strong>Adolescents (13-17 years) and young adults (18-29 years) with ≥10 months Medicaid enrollment in the calendar year; analytic sample contained 5.7 (2001) to 13.2 (2019) million persons per year.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Annual prevalence of SHA-UD in adolescent and young adult Medicaid enrollees [defined as an inpatient or outpatient ICD code (304.1x, 305.4x, F13.1x, F13.2x) in the calendar year] was stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, receipt of a benzodiazepine, z-hypnotic or barbiturate prescription, and selected mental health diagnoses. Absolute and relative percent-changes from 2001 vs. 2019 were summarized. Secondary analyses were restricted to states with more consistent data capture.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The prevalence of SHA-UD diagnoses statistically significantly increased for adolescents (0.01% to 0.04%) and young adults (0.05% to 0.24%) from 2001 to 2019. Increasing trends were observed in sex and race/ethnicity subgroups, with greatest relative increases among Non-Hispanic Black (624%) and Hispanic (529%) young adults. The trend increased among those with and without a benzodiazepine, z-hypnotic or barbiturate prescription; i.e. young adults with (2001 = 0.39% to 2019 = 1.77%) and without (2001 = 0.03% to 2019 = 0.18%) a prescription. Most adolescents (76%) and young adults (91%) with a SHA-UD diagnosis in 2019 had a comorbid substance use disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use disorders (SHA-UD) diagnoses increased 3- to 5-fold between 2001 and 2019 for adolescent and young adult US Medicaid enrollees, with prevalence remaining low in adolescents. The increase over two decades may be attributed to changes in the availability, use and misuse of sedative, hypnotic and anxiolytic medications and to increased detection, awareness and diagnosing of SHA-UD.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and patterns of dual use of combustible tobacco and e-cigarettes among adults in England: A population study, 2016–2024","authors":"Sarah E. Jackson,&nbsp;Sharon Cox,&nbsp;Lion Shahab,&nbsp;Jamie Brown","doi":"10.1111/add.16734","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16734","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background/Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;E-cigarettes are frequently used by people who smoke. This study measured how the prevalence and patterns of smoking and vaping (‘dual use’) in England have changed as the vaping market has rapidly evolved.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Representative monthly cross-sectional survey, July 2016 to April 2024.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;England.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Participants&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;128 588 adults (≥18y).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Logistic regression estimated associations between survey wave and dual use. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse patterns of smoking and vaping, overall and by sociodemographic, smoking and vaping characteristics and harm perceptions of e-cigarettes vs. cigarettes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Across the period, the overall prevalence of dual use increased non-linearly from 3.5% to 5.2% of adults [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.49 (1.25–1.76)]. Among adults who smoked, the proportion who also vaped was relatively stable up to mid-2021, at an average of 18.6% between July 2016 and May 2021, then increased rapidly to 34.2% by April 2024 [PR = 1.76 (1.48–2.09)]. This increase was greatest at younger ages [e.g. from 19.6% to 59.4% among 18- to 24-year-olds; PR = 3.04 (2.28–4.23)]. The most common pattern of dual use across the period was daily cigarette smoking with daily vaping [49.0% (47.3–50.8%)]. Over time, the proportion of dual users reporting daily cigarette smoking with non-daily vaping decreased [from 35.2% to 15.0%; PR = 0.43 (0.29–0.63)], offset primarily by an increase in the proportion reporting non-daily cigarette smoking with daily vaping [from 7.6% to 21.5%; PR = 2.84 (1.71–4.72)]. Daily cigarette smoking with daily vaping was more common (and non-daily cigarette smoking with daily vaping less common) among dual users who were older, less advantaged, mainly smoked hand-rolled cigarettes, had stronger urges to smoke and had been vaping for ≤6 months. Daily vaping was more common among dual users who thought e-cigarettes were less/equally harmful as cigarettes, or were unsure.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In England, vaping prevalence has increased rapidly am","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 4","pages":"608-619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of cannabis consumption methods among people with medically recommended and nonmedical cannabis use in the United States.","authors":"Beth Han, Christopher M Jones, Nora D Volkow, Emily B Einstein, Susan R B Weiss, Carlos Blanco, Wilson M Compton","doi":"10.1111/add.16741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Some cannabis consumption methods (e.g. smoking, vaping, dabbing) are associated with more harms than others (e.g. sublingual, transdermal). We aimed to examine differences in prevalence of cannabis consumption methods by people with medically recommended-only vs. nonmedical-only cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>Cross-sectional, US nationally representative data from the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>14 271 NSDUH participants aged ≥12 with past-year cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>NSDUH asked respondents with past-year cannabis use about their consumption methods [i.e. smoking, vaping, eating or drinking, dabbing (consuming a concentrated form with a dab rig/pen), oral/sublingual, transdermal or taking pills] and if healthcare professionals recommended any cannabis use. If 'no', respondents were classified as having 'nonmedical-only cannabis use'. If 'yes', they were asked if all cannabis use was recommended and, if so, they were classified as having 'medically recommended-only cannabis use'; otherwise, they were classified as having 'medical and nonmedical cannabis use'.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Among people reporting cannabis use, 10.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.7%-11.7%] reported medically recommended-only use, and 83.0% (95% CI = 81.7%-84.3%) reported nonmedical-only use. Smoking was the predominant method for nonmedical-only use (79.2%, 95% CI = 77.7%-80.7%) and for medically recommended-only use (73.7%, 95% CI = 68.8%-78.2%). Vaping prevalence (45.6%, 95% CI = 40.9%-50.4%) and eating/drinking prevalence (45.7%, 95% CI = 40.7%-50.7%) were similar among people with medically recommended-only use. Vaping prevalence was 1.3 times higher [adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2-1.4] for medically recommended-only than for nonmedical-only use (38.3%, 95% CI = 32.7%-44.3%). Dabbing prevalence was 1.5 times higher (APR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3-1.7) for medically recommended-only than for nonmedical-only use [24.4% (95% CI = 20.5%-28.8%) vs 16.4% (95% CI = 15.3%-17.7%)]. Higher prevalence of oral/sublingual and transdermal methods was associated with medically recommended-only use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among people with past-year medically recommended-only cannabis use in the US, three-fourths reported smoking cannabis and almost half reported vaping and eating/drinking cannabis. Cannabis vaping prevalence and dabbing prevalence were 1.3-1.5 times higher, respectively, among people with medically recommended-only use than people with nonmedical-only use.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is methamphetamine blood concentration in emergency department patients associated with the clinical picture?","authors":"David McCutcheon, Jessamine Soderstrom, Mohan Raghavan, Francois Oosthuizen, Bianca Douglas, Sally Burrows, Jennifer L Smith, Daniel Fatovich","doi":"10.1111/add.16765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to describe clinical features and outcomes of patients presenting to the emergency department with analytically confirmed methamphetamine intoxication, to determine the blood concentration of methamphetamine and to test its association with clinical findings.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The Western Australian Illicit Substance Evaluation (WISE) study is a prospective observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Royal Perth Hospital Emergency Department, Perth, Australia, between 2016 and 2018.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Patients suspected to be intoxicated with a stimulant, hallucinogenic or cannabinoid substance and who required intravenous access or blood tests as part of standard care. Those predominantly alcohol intoxicated, behaviourally disturbed or opioid intoxicated were excluded. The 431 participants with detectable methamphetamine (> 0.001 mg/l) included in this analysis had a mean age of 33.2 (9.4) years and 286/431 (66.4%) were male.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Concentration was reported for methamphetamine and other illicit drugs detected. Univariate associations of symptoms and signs, and physiological and laboratory parameters with methamphetamine concentration were determined and used to develop a multivariable model.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The median concentration of methamphetamine was 0.12 mg/L [Q1,Q3: 0.05, 0.27]. Psychotic symptoms were seen in 265/431 (61.5%) patients and intravenous or intramuscular sedation was required in 280/431 (65.0%). Mean heart rate was elevated at 105.9 (21.5) beats per minute, but other mean or median physiological parameters were within normal limits. A multivariable model showed that methamphetamine concentration was 27% lower in males (P = 0.026), 60% higher in those with palpitations (P = 0.013), 62% higher in those with choreoathetoid movements (P = 0.002) and increased by 1% for each unit (μg/L) increment in creatinine (P = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a cohort of emergency department patients with methamphetamine exposure, a multivariable model inferred a significant association between higher methamphetamine concentration and female sex, the presence of palpitations and choreoathetoid movements and creatinine concentration. The model showed no significant association with agitation, psychotic symptoms or other physiological or clinical parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily associations between sleep and alcohol use among veterans: Acute and cumulative effects.","authors":"Mary Beth Miller, Andrea M Wycoff, Eunjin L Tracy, Katie R Moskal, Brian Borsari, Bruce D Bartholow, Douglas Steinley, Christina S McCrae","doi":"10.1111/add.16770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Military veterans demonstrate high rates of heavy drinking and insomnia, but few if any studies have tested real-world, daily associations between sleep and alcohol use within this population. Moreover, although daily diary and experimental studies among civilians have found negative associations between alcohol use and sleep, these patterns change with consecutive days of drinking and may differ for those with insomnia. This study measured (a) acute and cumulative day-level associations between sleep and alcohol use among heavy-drinking US veterans and (b) the extent to which insomnia moderates these associations.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Self-reported ambulatory assessments occurring daily for 14 days.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>USA.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Heavy-drinking veterans (n = 118, 84% male, 79% White, M = 39y) with sleep complaints. Seventy-one met criteria for insomnia disorder.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Participants completed a semi-structured clinical interview and baseline self-report measures, followed by 14 consecutive days of morning sleep diaries. Data were analyzed using multilevel models.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Insomnia moderated day-level associations between alcohol use and sleep. Heavier drinking was associated with worse same-night sleep quality among those without insomnia [b = -0.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.09, -0.03], but this pattern was not statistically significant among those with insomnia (b = 0.02; 95% CI = -0.01, 0.04). Similarly, more consecutive nights of poor sleep efficiency were linked to lower drinking quantity among those without insomnia [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.83, 1.00), while better sleep efficiency was linked to heavier next-day drinking among those with insomnia (IRR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.01). More consecutive nights of drinking were linked to shorter sleep duration, regardless of insomnia status (b = -0.09; 95% CI = -0.18, -0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>US military veterans with insomnia do not appear to experience the same negative day-level associations between alcohol use and sleep that those without insomnia report. However, over time, drinking is linked to worse sleep in both groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"England's disposable vape ban: An inadequate solution to youth vaping with potential unintended consequences","authors":"Eve Taylor,&nbsp;Harry Tattan-Birch,&nbsp;Katherine East","doi":"10.1111/add.16756","DOIUrl":"10.1111/add.16756","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Since modern disposable (single-use) vapes entered the market in around 2020, there has been a rapid increase in vaping (e-cigarette use) among young people in many jurisdictions, such as England, Canada, New Zealand and Australia [&lt;span&gt;1-3&lt;/span&gt;]. In Great Britain, the percentage of young people (11–17 years) that vape at least once a week near-tripled from 2019 (1.5%) to 2024 (4.2%) [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;], with many of those who vape having never regularly smoked cigarettes [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. Disposable vapes are the leading type of vape used by young people [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;], and since their rise in popularity, the percentage of young people who regularly inhale nicotine has also risen for the first time since the mid-20th century [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. Disposables have many features that are attractive to youth, including cheap prices, brightly colored packaging and widespread marketing and availability in high street shops [&lt;span&gt;8, 9&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although action to reduce youth vaping is urgently needed, vapes—including disposables—are also widely and effectively used by adults to help them stop and reduce harm from smoking cigarettes [&lt;span&gt;10, 11&lt;/span&gt;], which are uniquely lethal [&lt;span&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;]. Therefore, regulation must be balanced.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The disposable vape ban will be implemented on 1 June 2025 in England and Wales. Legislation will be under the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), introduced on the grounds that a ban will protect the environment and reduce appeal to children [&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;]. A wider package of policies was subsequently announced under The Tobacco and Vapes Bill 2024 on 5 November 2024; however, the specifics of many of these policies are vague [&lt;span&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;]. Although the disposable vape ban is well-intentioned and might potentially be positive from an environmental perspective, it is unlikely to substantially reduce youth vaping.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since public discussion of banning disposable vapes began, manufacturers have created reusable ‘disposable-like’ analogues to their most popular disposable vape devices (Figure 1), and it is possible that people will dispose of these once the e-liquid or battery runs out. Like disposables, these new designs are cheap, easy to operate, widely available and advertised at the point-of-sale and use the same high-strength nicotine–salts-based vape liquid. These factors all increase appeal to youth [&lt;span&gt;8, 9, 15&lt;/span&gt;]. Therefore, without additional regulation, young people who would have otherwise used disposable vapes are likely to simply switch to using their reusable, ‘disposable-like’ analogues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A package of evidence-based policies is needed to reduce youth vaping. We have decades of research on policy options to reduce the appeal and accessibility of nicotine and tobacco products, such as restricting packaging and marketing, banning advertisements at the point-of-sale, better enforcement of age-of-sale laws and taxation [&lt;span&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;]. Policy follo","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":"120 3","pages":"402-404"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.16756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of a drink-counting and a breathalyser-coupled smartphone application for reduced heavy drinking among alcohol-dependent adults in Sweden: A randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Josefine Östh, Andreas Lundin, Peter Wennberg, Sven Andréasson, Anna-Karin Danielsson","doi":"10.1111/add.16769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Studies using smartphone apps in treatment for alcohol dependence are lacking. This study aimed to test the consumption-reducing effects of using two app-based alcohol interventions as complement to treatment as usual (TAU).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Three-armed, parallel, randomised controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Specialised outpatient clinic within the Stockholm Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>162 alcohol-dependent adults (46% female), with no social problems or mental disorders, who had no other drug use, were included. Mean age was 50 years, and the majority were highly educated, employed and had not previously received any alcohol treatment.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Participants were randomised to (1) TAU+drink-counting app (Glasklart, n = 52), (2) TAU+app-coupled breathalyser (iBAC Pro, n = 58) or (3) TAU only (n = 52). TAU included four sessions of clinician-led psychological treatment based on motivational interviewing/cognitive behavioural therapy, combined with pharmacotherapy when requested, for 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>The primary outcome was past 4-week heavy drinking days (HDD) at 26 weeks post-randomisation, adjusted for baseline HDD, and assessed by structured interviews using Timeline Followback. Secondary outcomes included weekly consumption, consumption patterns, phosphatidylethanol and dependence at 12 and 26 weeks. Analyses compared TAU+drink-counting app and TAU+breathalyser each with TAU alone.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>At 26 weeks, participants with TAU+breathalyser had statistically significantly lower HDD [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49, 0.91] compared with those with TAU alone. There was no evidence of any effects on HDD for those with TAU+drink-counting app, compared with TAU alone (IRR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.25) or of any other effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Sweden, treatment as usual (TAU) for alcohol dependence combined with a smartphone application coupled with a breathalyser was more effective than TAU alone in reducing self-reported heavy drinking. There was no evidence that TAU combined with a smartphone application for drink-counting was more effective than TAU alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported experiences and perspectives on using psychedelics to manage opioid use among participants of two Reddit communities.","authors":"Noa Krawczyk, Megan Miller, Emma Yuanqi Gu, Natalia Irvine, Elisbel Ramirez, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Thomas Lippincott, Michael Bogenschutz, Amanda M Bunting, Meredith C Meacham","doi":"10.1111/add.16767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The opioid crisis continues to exert a tremendous toll in North America, with existing interventions often falling short of addressing ongoing needs. Psychedelics are emerging as a possible alternative therapy for mental health and substance use disorders. This study aimed to gather insights on how people use or are considering using psychedelics to manage opioid use disorder (OUD), how these experiences are perceived to impact opioid use and what these lessons imply for future research and practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a qualitative study using the Reddit online community platform. We extracted posts that contained key psychedelic terms from the two most subscribed-to subreddits dedicated to discussions of OUD treatment (r/OpiatesRecovery and r/Methadone) from 2018 to 2021. We thematically analyzed content from 151 relevant posts and their respective comments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two prominent themes identified in discussions were perspectives on the effectiveness of psychedelics in treating OUD, and mechanisms through which psychedelics were thought to impact use and desire to use opioids. For many, psychedelics were deemed to have a strong impact on opioid use via multiple mechanisms, including alleviating physical symptoms of dependence, shifting motivations around desire to use opioids and addressing underlying mental health problems and reasons for use. Others saw the potential promise around psychedelics as exaggerated, acknowledging many people eventually return to use, or even considered psychedelics dangerous.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There appear to be diverse perspectives on the effects of using psychedelics to treat opioid use disorder and an urgent need for controlled studies to better understand the impact of different psychedelics on opioid use, how they may be used in the context of existing treatments and what strategies they must be combined with to ensure safety and effectiveness. Integrating the experiences of people who use drugs will help guide psychedelics research toward effective person-centered interventions to enhance health and wellness.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using ecological momentary assessment to quantify Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol use across different forms of cannabis: Feasibility in a sample of Canadian young adults reporting frequent cannabis use.","authors":"Sophie G Coelho, Sergio Rueda, Jeffrey D Wardell","doi":"10.1111/add.16768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To establish the feasibility of using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to estimate total quantities of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) used across different forms of cannabis, and to assess the predictive validity of THC estimates for predicting acute cannabis-related consequences.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>14-day EMA using a smartphone application to assess cannabis use in real time.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Canada.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Targeted sample of n = 42 young adults (59.52% women, mean age 25 years) reporting frequent cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Surveys completed immediately prior to cannabis use assessed the quantities, THC content and CBD content of various forms of cannabis to be used in the current session; participants also uploaded photos of the cannabis product labels when available. Surveys administered at fixed times throughout the day (84.81% completion rate) assessed acute cannabis-related consequences.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Participants completed a total of 786 pre-cannabis surveys, of which 79.39% and 77.35% contained sufficient information to calculate total THC and CBD (in milligrams), respectively. High agreement was observed between participant-entered THC and CBD contents and those shown in corresponding photos of cannabis product labels. Aggregating across all products used, participants reported using an average of 141.41 [standard deviation (SD) = 224.62, range = 0.00-2000.00] milligrams of THC (i.e. 28.28 standard five-milligram units) and 7.53 (SD = 34.87, range = 0.00-484.22) milligrams of CBD per day. Multilevel models revealed that participants were more likely to report acute negative consequences following sessions when their estimated THC use was higher than their typical THC use. At the between-person level, participants reporting more THC use on average across sessions were less likely to report negative consequences overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using ecological momentary assessment to estimate total quantities of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol used across different forms of cannabis appears to be feasible, with preliminary predictive validity for acute negative cannabis-related consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on-line experimental study.","authors":"Jamie Torrance, Alex M T Russell, Conor Heath, Philip Newall","doi":"10.1111/add.16732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Gambling advertising is nowadays prevalent in multiple jurisdictions and can take multiple forms, such as TV adverts and social media promotions. However, few independently designed interventions for gambling advertising have been empirically tested. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of an inoculative intervention video for gambling advertising, which was developed based on previous interventions for alcohol and tobacco, and which used input from academics and experts by experience.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Between-participants randomised online experiment.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>UK.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>UK-based gamblers aged 18-29 years (n = 1200) were recruited via Prolific.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Participants either saw a novel inoculative intervention video (7.2 mins) aimed at increasing resistance against gambling advertising strategies (n = 595) or a neutral control video (7.2 mins) on healthy eating (n = 605).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Participants completed pre- and post-test measures of gambling advertising scepticism and persuasion knowledge immediately before and after video exposure. They also answered the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and reported their past-month engagement with gambling promotional offers. A random subset of participants (n = 797) recompleted these measures at one-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The intervention group's post-test scores were statistically significantly higher than control for scepticism [estimated marginal means (EMM) = 40.32 vs. EMM = 34.72; P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.90-6.29, ηp2 = 0.17] and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 20.77 vs. EMM = 16.71; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 3.61-4.50, ηp2 = 0.21). One-month follow-up scores also remained statistically significantly higher in the intervention group compared with control for both scepticism (EMM = 38.26 vs. EMM = 34.73; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 2.70-4.36, ηp2 = 0.08) and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 18.63 vs. EMM = 17.21; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 0.88-1.95, ηp2 = 0.03). Within the intervention group, 21% of participants had stopped engaging with gambling promotional offers at one-month follow-up, reflective of a statistically significant reduction compared with control (EMM = 0.48 vs. EMM = 0.87; P < 0.001, 95%CI = -0.53 to -0.26, ηp2 = 0.04). Overall, the control group showed no statistically significant changes in any of their scores throughout the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An inoculative intervention video appears to increase young gamblers' resistance to gambling advertising and reduce their self-reported engagement with promotional offers.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}