Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care最新文献_第6页

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001076

引用次数: 0

Dietary protein in the ICU in relation to health outcomes. 重症监护室中的膳食蛋白质与健康结果的关系。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001066

Danielle E Bear, Matthew J Summers, Lee-Anne S Chapple

{"title":"Dietary protein in the ICU in relation to health outcomes.","authors":"Danielle E Bear, Matthew J Summers, Lee-Anne S Chapple","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001066","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001066","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Critical care nutrition guidelines recommend provision of higher protein doses than recommended in health. These recommendations have been predominately based on lower quality evidence and physiological rationale that greater protein doses may attenuate the significant muscle loss observed in critically ill patients. This review discusses the mechanistic action of protein in the critically ill, details results from recent trials on health outcomes, discusses considerations for interpretation of trial results, and provides an overview of future directions.Recent findings: Two recent large clinical trials have investigated different protein doses and the effect on clinical outcome. Important findings revealed potential harm in certain sub-groups of patients. This harm must be balanced with the potential for beneficial effects on muscle mass and physical function given that two recent systematic reviews with meta-analyses demonstrated attenuation of muscle loss with higher protein doses. Utilizing biological markers such as urea: creatinine ratio or urea levels may prove useful in monitoring harm from higher protein doses.Summary: Future research should focus on prospectively investigating biological signatures of harm as well as taking into the consideration elements that will likely enhance the effectiveness of protein dose.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"479-485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitamin D and muscle health: insights from recent studies. 维生素 D 与肌肉健康：近期研究的启示。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001071

Akiko Kuwabara, Mai Matsumoto, Yoichi Hatamoto, Satoshi Fujita

{"title":"Vitamin D and muscle health: insights from recent studies.","authors":"Akiko Kuwabara, Mai Matsumoto, Yoichi Hatamoto, Satoshi Fujita","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001071","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001071","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the effects of vitamin D on muscle mass and physical/muscle function in middle-aged and older adults, based on recent human studies, including cross-sectional, observational, and intervention studies. Vitamin D, beyond its well established role in bone health, has shown potential in influencing muscle physiology, making it a nutrient of interest in the context of sarcopenia and related chronic conditions.Recent findings: The review states how vitamin D affects muscle function, emphasizing its role in muscle cell proliferation, differentiation, and key signaling pathways. Additionally, the review of recent human studies revealed an inconsistent relationship between vitamin D and sarcopenia and related indices, with mixed results regarding muscle mass and strength. Variability in supplementation dose, duration, and baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may contribute to these inconsistencies.Summary: While animal studies indicate vitamin D's effectiveness in muscle growth, cross-sectional, observational, and intervention studies do not show clear benefits of maintaining efficient vitamin D levels on muscle mass or function in humans. Although vitamin D impacts muscle health, it is insufficient alone, emphasizing the need for a multifaceted approach to sarcopenia prevention and management.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"499-506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitamin D in the critically ill - update 2024. 重症患者的维生素 D - 2024 年更新。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001068

Christina Geiger, James Dayre McNally, Kenneth B Christopher, Karin Amrein

{"title":"Vitamin D in the critically ill - update 2024.","authors":"Christina Geiger, James Dayre McNally, Kenneth B Christopher, Karin Amrein","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001068","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001068","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review aims to summarize the latest publications on vitamin D focused on critically ill patients.Recent findings: Vitamin D deficiency is common in critically ill patients (children and adults) and associated with a higher risk for mortality and morbidity as well as sepsis, acute respiratory failure, acute renal failure and prolonged ICU stay. As it is an inexpensive substance with a wide safety margin, acute treatment in form of a loading dose in addition to ongoing maintenance therapy is an interesting option in the ICU. The potential benefit of acute native (biologically inactive) vitamin D treatment has not fully been answered but even a small survival benefit demonstrable in very large analyses could be relevant to critical care. To date, less than 5000 patients cumulative have been enrolled in randomized controlled trials concerning vitamin D, with substantial heterogeneity in trial design regarding population (with or without deficiency, coronavirus disease 2019, different age groups, underlying illnesses), metabolite, dosing, outcome, and more.Summary: More research is needed, but vitamin D supplementation represents a simple intervention with an excellent safety profile. As adequate vitamin D is essential to the health of multiple organ systems, rapid normalization of deficiency states could translate to benefits across the wide range of diagnoses and organ dysfunctions experienced in the ICU setting. As a minimum, we recommend administering the standard daily dose of vitamin D3 in the critically ill patient.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"515-522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in nutritional science and physiological function: an editorial review. 营养科学与生理功能的进展：编辑评论》。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001069

Carla M Prado, Philip J Atherton

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Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and neuromuscular function in older adults. 补充长链 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸与老年人的神经肌肉功能。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001065

Oliver Hayman, Emilie Combet, Oliver C Witard, Stuart R Gray

{"title":"Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and neuromuscular function in older adults.","authors":"Oliver Hayman, Emilie Combet, Oliver C Witard, Stuart R Gray","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001065","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001065","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review aims to explore the latest research investigating the effects of marine-derived long-chain n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC n -3 PUFA) supplementation on neuromuscular function in older adults.Recent findings: Ageing results in a decline in skeletal muscle strength and mass. There is growing evidence that LC n -3 PUFA supplementation increases muscle strength and mass in healthy older adults, yet the mechanisms underlying these effects remain elusive. Recent studies investigating LC n -3 PUFA supplementation have demonstrated effects on neuromuscular function such as increases in the compound muscle action potential (M-wave) amplitude and surface electromyography alongside increases in muscular strength. Therefore, evidence suggests that LC n -3 PUFA may elicit a beneficial effect at the neuromuscular junction and possess neuroprotective properties in older adults.Summary: LC n -3 PUFA supplementation may increase or maintain neuromuscular function throughout the ageing process. Further research is warranted to investigate the long-term effects LC n -3 PUFA supplementation on neuromuscular outcomes such as single motor unit properties and cortical/supraspinal networks, utilizing state-of-the-art techniques in neuromuscular physiology.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"486-491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary fats as regulators of neutrophil plasticity: an update on molecular mechanisms. 膳食脂肪是中性粒细胞可塑性的调节剂：分子机制的最新进展。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001055

Anna Parolini, Lorenzo Da Dalt, Giuseppe Danilo Norata, Andrea Baragetti

{"title":"Dietary fats as regulators of neutrophil plasticity: an update on molecular mechanisms.","authors":"Anna Parolini, Lorenzo Da Dalt, Giuseppe Danilo Norata, Andrea Baragetti","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001055","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001055","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Contemporary guidelines for the prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases focus on the control of dietary fat intake, because of their adverse metabolic effects. Moreover, fats alter innate immune defenses, by eliciting pro-inflammatory epigenetic mechanisms on the long-living hematopoietic cell progenitors which, in the bone marrow, mainly give rise to short-living neutrophils. Nevertheless, the heterogenicity of fats and the complexity of the biology of neutrophils pose challenges in the understanding on how this class of nutrients could contribute to the development of cardio-metabolic diseases via specific molecular mechanisms activating the inflammatory response.Recent findings: The knowledge on the biology of neutrophils is expanding and there are now different cellular networks orchestrating site-specific reprogramming of these cells to optimize the responses against pathogens. The innate immune competence of neutrophil is altered in response to high fat diet and contributes to the development of metabolic alterations, although the precise mechanisms are still poorly understood.Summary: Defining the different molecular mechanisms involved in the fat-neutrophil crosstalk will help to reconcile the sparse data about the interaction of dietary fats with neutrophils and to tailor strategies to target neutrophils in the context of cardio-metabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"434-442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary protein splanchnic uptake and digestibility via stable isotope tracers. 通过稳定同位素示踪剂了解膳食蛋白质的脾脏吸收和消化率。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001061

Jake Cox, Daniel James Wilkinson, Philip James Atherton, Kenneth Smith

{"title":"Dietary protein splanchnic uptake and digestibility via stable isotope tracers.","authors":"Jake Cox, Daniel James Wilkinson, Philip James Atherton, Kenneth Smith","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001061","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001061","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Dietary proteins are broken down into peptides across the gastrointestinal tract, with skeletal muscle being a primary deposition site for amino acids in the form of incorporation into, for example, metabolic and structural proteins. It follows that key research questions remain as to the role of amino acid bioavailability, of which protein digestibility and splanchnic sequestration (absorption and utilization) of amino acids are determining factors, impact upon muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in clinical states.Recent findings: Elevated splanchnic amino acid uptake has been implicated in anabolic resistance (i.e. attenuated anabolic responses to protein intake) observed in ageing, though it is unclear whether this limits MPS. The novel 'dual stable isotope tracer technique' offers a promising, minimally invasive approach to quantify the digestion of any protein source(s). Current work is focused on the validation of this technique against established methods, with scope to apply this to clinical and elderly populations to help inform mechanistic and interventional insights.Summary: Considerations should be made for all facets of protein quality; digestibility of the protein, absorption/utilization and subsequent peripheral bioavailability of amino acids, and resultant stimulation of MPS. Stable isotope tracer techniques offer a minimally invasive approach to achieve this, with wide-ranging clinical application.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"451-456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001033

Federico Bozzetti

{"title":"Age-related and cancer-related sarcopenia: is there a difference?","authors":"Federico Bozzetti","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001033","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001033","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim of this review is the attempt to differentiating the pathophysiologic and clinical features of the aging-related sarcopenia from cancer-related sarcopenia. In fact, there is some controversy among the experts mainly regarding two points: is always sarcopenia, even that aging-related one, the expression of a generalized disease or may exist independently and without major alteration of the muscle function? Are always aging-related and cancer-related sarcopenia completely separated entities?Recent findings: Literature shows that sarcopenia, defined as simple skeletal muscle mass loss, may range from a mainly focal problem which is common in many healthy elderly people, to a component of a complex multiorgan syndrome as cancer cachexia. Disuse, malnutrition and (neuro)degenerative processes can account for most of the aging-related sarcopenias while systemic inflammation and secretion of cancer-and immune-related molecules play an additional major role in cachexia.Summary: A multimodal approach including physical exercise and optimized nutritional support are the key measures to offset sarcopenia with some contribution by the anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer patients. Results are more promising in elderly patients and are still pending for cancer patients where a more specific approach will only rely on the identification and contrast of the key mediators of the cachectic process.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"410-418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140130996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A look inside the gut as a clue to nutritional status. 从肠道内部了解营养状况。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001049

Nir Bar, Siham Abdelgani, Simon Lal, Liat Deutsch

{"title":"A look inside the gut as a clue to nutritional status.","authors":"Nir Bar, Siham Abdelgani, Simon Lal, Liat Deutsch","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001049","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001049","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Malabsorption and malnutrition are common gastrointestinal manifestations clinicians face, requiring diagnostic workup for effective diagnosis and management of the underlying cause. This review discusses recent advances in diagnostic approaches to malabsorption and maldigestion of macronutrients - lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. We highlight underrecognized causes, available testing modalities, and ongoing diagnostic unmet needs.Recent findings: Innovations in the diagnostic landscape are enhancing our understanding of malabsorption syndromes. Stool collection and handling is uncomfortable and commonly avoided. The objective quantification of stool lipids, bile acids, and gut enzymes is therefore underused in the diagnosis and management of common disorders such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid diarrhea, protein-losing enteropathy, and more. We review the recent advancements in spot quantification of stool fat and bile acid content, endoscopic imaging techniques such as endocytoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy, and optical coherence tomography and the future place in clinical practice.Summary: Malabsorption and maldigestion represent significant challenges in clinical nutrition and gastroenterology. Through the integration of advanced diagnostic techniques, clinicians will be better equipped to tailor therapy and monitor treatment response, ultimately improving patient health outcomes. This review underscores the critical role of innovative diagnostic tools in accurately detecting and effectively managing gastrointestinal disorders linked to nutritional status.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"443-450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0