Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care最新文献_第7页

Core outcome sets and trials of nutrition and metabolism interventions. 营养和代谢干预的核心结果集和试验。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001191

Annika Reintam Blaser, Thomas Davies, Kaspar F Bachmann

{"title":"Core outcome sets and trials of nutrition and metabolism interventions.","authors":"Annika Reintam Blaser, Thomas Davies, Kaspar F Bachmann","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001191","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001191","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The target of critical care nutrition research is moving from short-term physiological surrogate endpoints and mortality toward long-term patient-centered outcomes. This review summarizes recent core outcome set (COS) initiatives relevant to nutrition and metabolism and outcome selection in recent trials.Recent findings: The Core Outcome Measures for Clinical Effectiveness Trials of Nutritional and Metabolic Interventions in Critical Illness (CONCISE) defined essential outcomes: survival, physical function, infection, activities of daily living, nutritional status, and muscle/nerve function to be assessed at 30 and 90 days after randomization, with suggested but nonmandated instruments to preserve feasibility. COSMOGI (core outcome set of daily monitoring of gastrointestinal function in critically ill patients) standardizes daily gastrointestinal monitoring during critical illness. Large, randomized trials testing higher protein or early aggressive energy delivery have not improved survival and functional recovery, although the latter has only recently received more attention. From a mechanistic perspective, outcome selection in critical care nutrition and gastrointestinal function research should prioritize patient-centered (i.e. functional and patient-reported) outcomes.Summary: Standardizing outcome selection should improve interpretability and evidence synthesis. Future trials should incorporate robust functional and patient-reported outcomes. Core outcome sets will need updates when new assessment tools (i.e., biomarkers, new functional tests, standardized ultrasound protocols) emerge.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"159-168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145631105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and gut microbiota. Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸和肠道菌群。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001176

Mark A Hull, Hanyang Sun

{"title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and gut microbiota.","authors":"Mark A Hull, Hanyang Sun","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001176","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001176","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Oral intake of n (omega)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is associated with changes to gut microbiota. We review recent findings from 2024 onwards, which build the scientific case that changes to bacterial abundance, and their metabolites, contribute to the health benefits associated with n -3 PUFAs.Recent findings: There are now multiple studies in rodent disease models that demonstrate that n -3 PUFAs do not significantly alter bacterial diversity but, instead, alter abundance of several species that are implicated in short-chain fatty acid synthesis, in a model-specific manner. Limited intervention studies in humans, backed by larger observational studies, concur with the preclinical findings. Importantly, faecal transplantation experiments have confirmed that n -3 PUFA-induced changes to gut microbiota are causally related to reversal of the disease phenotype in two rodent models. In-vitro colonic models are now being used to understand the mechanism(s) underlying n -3 PUFA-induced changes to the gut microbiota and metabolome.Summary: Despite emerging proof that the gut microbiota contributes to n -3 PUFA activity in animal models, human data are sparse. It remains unclear how n -3 PUFAs affect changes to the gut microbiota or whether n -3 PUFA metabolism by gut microbes contributes to the host metabolome.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"123-130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lipids as biological response modifiers: from epidemiology to molecular mechanisms. 脂质作为生物反应调节剂：从流行病学到分子机制。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001199

Dan L Waitzberg, Philip C Calder

引用次数: 0

Sodium-glucose transporter inhibitors 2 in acutely ill patients. 钠-葡萄糖转运蛋白抑制剂2在急症患者中的应用。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001194

Fernando G Zampieri, Melanie Meersch, Emily See

{"title":"Sodium-glucose transporter inhibitors 2 in acutely ill patients.","authors":"Fernando G Zampieri, Melanie Meersch, Emily See","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001194","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001194","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have rapidly become central to the management of heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Their widespread use now extends into the peri-acute and critical-care setting, raising questions about whether these agents should be continued or initiated during acute illness. This review summarizes the latest physiological and clinical evidence relevant to these scenarios.Recent findings: Recent studies have clarified the physiological and clinical effects of SGLT2 inhibitors during acute illness across perioperative, cardiac, and intensive-care settings. Overall, these agents appear renally safe and may promote modest diuresis and decongestion, though this can be accompanied by slightly greater vasopressor requirements in unstable patients. Their metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects remain favorable, and no consistent safety concerns have been identified.Summary: SGLT2i appear safe for most hemodynamically stable hospitalized or critically ill patients and may confer renal and metabolic benefits. Routine initiation in unselected populations is not supported, but continuation of chronic therapy seems reasonable when patients are stable, euvolemic, and receiving nutrition. Ongoing investigations will clarify optimal timing, dosing, and patient selection for acute-care use.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Importance of older age for nutrition management. 老年人对营养管理的重要性。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001183

Sergio H Loss, Luciana V Viana, Marina V Viana

{"title":"Importance of older age for nutrition management.","authors":"Sergio H Loss, Luciana V Viana, Marina V Viana","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001183","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001183","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review the impact of nutrition on critically ill older adults, focusing on the role of comorbidities such as malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty, as well as the importance of nutritional support for outcomes such as mortality, recovery, and long-term disability.Recent findings: Malnutrition is highly prevalent in the elderly and is strongly associated with adverse outcomes, including increased mortality, longer ICU stays, and higher rates of infection. In addition, frailty, multimorbidity, and cognitive decline significantly contribute to the vulnerability of older patients in the ICU. Evidence suggests that early individualized nutritional management, including adequate protein intake and prevention of the refeeding syndrome, is essential. However, age-specific guidelines are lacking.Summary: Older adults admitted to the ICU face unique challenges owing to physiological decline, chronic diseases, and diminished nutritional reserves. Frailty and malnutrition are key predictors of poor outcomes in older adults. However, nutritional strategies tailored to older adults remain poorly defined. Whether optimized nutritional support through early assessment and age-appropriate interventions improves survival, reduces complications, and enhances quality of life after ICU discharge is a crucial clinical question to be answered by focused research.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-evaluating omega-3 (EPA/DHA) in cancer prevention and management. 重新评估ω -3 （EPA/DHA）在癌症预防和管理中的作用。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001190

Alessio Molfino, Maurizio Muscaritoli, Federica Tambaro, Giovanni Imbimbo

{"title":"Re-evaluating omega-3 (EPA/DHA) in cancer prevention and management.","authors":"Alessio Molfino, Maurizio Muscaritoli, Federica Tambaro, Giovanni Imbimbo","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001190","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001190","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review summarizes the most recent evidence on the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in oncology, focusing on cancer prevention, cachexia and body composition, treatment-related toxicities, and therapeutic response.Recent findings: Recent large-scale epidemiological and biomarker-based studies confirm a consistent, dose-dependent inverse association between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and colorectal cancer risk, while evidence for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) remains less consistent. Observational data reinforce the protective role of omega-3-rich dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean and MIND diets, in reducing cancer risk. In clinical settings, omega-3 PUFA supplementation has shown modest but significant clinical benefits on body weight, inflammation, and quality of life in cancer cachexia, though effects on lean mass are variable. Promising data also support a reduction in severe oral mucositis during chemotherapy, whereas trials on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and chemosensitization have produced inconclusive results, mainly due to heterogeneity in design and adherence.Summary: Omega-3 fatty acids exert measurable biological and clinical effects in oncology, however, their benefits appear context-dependent. Future studies should focus on standardized interventions, patient stratification based on molecular and inflammatory profiles, and integration within immunonutrition frameworks to enhance therapeutic precision and clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"141-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145631178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional therapy for patients with respiratory hypoxemic failure without a protected airway. 无气道保护的呼吸低氧衰竭患者的营养治疗。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001200

Sergio Ruiz-Santana, Carmen Rosa Hernández-Socorro, Pedro Saavedra

{"title":"Nutritional therapy for patients with respiratory hypoxemic failure without a protected airway.","authors":"Sergio Ruiz-Santana, Carmen Rosa Hernández-Socorro, Pedro Saavedra","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001200","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001200","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Nutritional therapy is challenging in patients admitted to the ICU due to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) and candidates for oxygen therapy through noninvasive modalities, such as noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC). Nutritional status assessment, the definition of nutritional needs, routes and modes of administration, diet types, monitoring of food tolerance, complications and safety during ICU admission, and nutrition-focused outcomes are not well established in these patients and have not been specifically addressed in international ICU guidelines. This review will focus on the nutritional treatment of patients with AHRF without airway protection admitted to an ICU.Recent findings: Oral nutrition, following swallowing tests, remains the preferred route for feeding these patients. However, the prevalence of insufficient feeding remains high, especially in those receiving NIV compared to HFNC modality. Artificial nutrition is used less frequently. Finally, trophic nutrition, either orally or via a nasogastric tube (NGT), has emerged as a new modality of nutritional treatment for these patients and has been shown to be safe and feasible.Summary: Insufficient feeding appears to be the norm in ICU patients treated for AHRF with noninvasive ventilation modalities. New approaches, protocols, guideline updates, and more high-quality studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"151-158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145965316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing dietary behaviour change in older adults through digital technologies: emerging tools and behavioural mechanisms. 通过数字技术促进老年人饮食行为改变：新兴工具和行为机制。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001156

Kimberly Mei Yi Low, Shahmir H Ali

{"title":"Advancing dietary behaviour change in older adults through digital technologies: emerging tools and behavioural mechanisms.","authors":"Kimberly Mei Yi Low, Shahmir H Ali","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001156","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001156","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Poor diet drives cardiovascular and other chronic diseases in older adults, yet behaviour change remains challenging due to physical, cognitive, and social barriers. Despite growing digital health solutions, older adults are often overlooked. This review examines recent innovations aimed at supporting dietary change in this population amid rapid technological advances.Recent findings: Case studies of six novel digital tools were examined: smart TVs, mobile apps, augmented reality (AR), chatbots, assistive robotics, and intelligent voice assistants. These tools employed a wide range of behaviour change techniques such as tailored feedback, habit formation, goal setting, self-monitoring, and social support. Smart TVs and apps improved nutrition literacy through familiar interfaces and gamification. AR tools enhanced portion control and food decision-making. Socially assistive robots provided interactive, social mealtime support, while chatbots and intelligent voice assistants used Artificial Intelligence to deliver personalized, conversational guidance. Despite these advances, challenges remain around usability, trust, and sustained engagement.Summary: Digital tools offer promising, personalized support for dietary change in older adults. However, most work remains in its early stages. Realizing broader impact will require co-designed, culturally relevant solutions, real-world testing, and strategies for scale-up that ensure accessibility, trust, and sustained engagement.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex-specific effects of diet and physical activity on health outcomes in older adults. 饮食和体育活动对老年人健康结果的性别特异性影响

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001170

Amanda D Hagstrom, Miaobing Zheng, Justin Keogh

{"title":"Sex-specific effects of diet and physical activity on health outcomes in older adults.","authors":"Amanda D Hagstrom, Miaobing Zheng, Justin Keogh","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001170","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001170","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review summarizes the current literature around sex-based differences in adaptations to diet and exercise in older adults. This review is timely as there is continued debate around the necessity of sex-based interventions across the lifespan.Recent findings: Evidence shows that exercise does not appear to confer many sex-based differences in adaptation to either muscle strengthening, or cardiovascular types of exercise, especially when these changes are reported in relative (percentage) terms.There appear to be some differences in response to dietary exposures between sexes. However, the extent of sex differences is still largely unclear due to many studies not reporting or analysing data by sex.Summary: Implications for clinical practice are that there is currently insufficient evidence for exercise-related changes in muscle strengthening or cardiovascular outcomes being significantly affected by sex in older adults. There are some sex-based differences in response to dietary factors, however, the mechanisms remain unclear. At present, individualized lifestyle prescriptions taking into consideration health conditions, risk factors, client history and goals appear to be logical over a blanket sex-based approach.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary leucine intake and sarcopenia: from isolated supplementation to combined strategies. 膳食亮氨酸摄入与肌肉减少症：从单独补充到联合策略。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001180

Stéphane Walrand, Olivier Le Bacquer

{"title":"Dietary leucine intake and sarcopenia: from isolated supplementation to combined strategies.","authors":"Stéphane Walrand, Olivier Le Bacquer","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001180","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001180","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, poses a major health challenge. While leucine's anabolic properties are well documented, its clinical efficacy as a standalone intervention remains limited. This review explores the potential of integrated strategies combining leucine with other nutrients, physical activity, and gut microbiota modulation to enhance sarcopenia prevention and treatment.Recent findings: Recent studies confirm that leucine supplementation alone fails to significantly improve muscle mass or strength in older adults. However, its benefits emerge when combined with resistance training, or gut microbiota-targeted interventions. The gut-muscle axis has gained attention as a key modulator of muscle health. Additionally, leucine supports the resumption of physical activity in sarcopenic patients by mitigating exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation.Summary: These findings underscore the need for multimodal approaches, leucine, optimized nutrition, exercise, and microbiota modulation, to maximize therapeutic benefits. Future research should focus on defining optimal dosages, personalized protocols, and clinical feasibility. Such strategies could revolutionize sarcopenia management by integrating innovative, patient-centred care.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0