Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care最新文献

Ethical imperatives in global nutrition care: reducing inequities in gastroenterology. 全球营养保健的伦理责任：减少胃肠病学的不公平现象。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001231

Rosa Burgos, Diana Cárdenas

{"title":"Ethical imperatives in global nutrition care: reducing inequities in gastroenterology.","authors":"Rosa Burgos, Diana Cárdenas","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001231","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Malnutrition is a major concern in patients with digestive disorders. This review examines the ethical imperatives for addressing inequities in nutritional care, specifically focusing on disease-related malnutrition (DRM). It explores the implementation of a human rights-based approach to clinical practice to bridge the gaps between duty-bearers and rights-holders in the management of malnutrition.Recent findings: DRM persists as a neglected crisis affecting 30-50% of hospitalized patients, particularly those with gastrointestinal and oncological conditions. Recent research identifies educational attainment as a super-determinant of diet quality, exerting a more powerful influence than income alone. Systemic barriers remain significant: mandatory screening is frequently unavailable across care settings, and a widespread knowledge gap persists among healthcare professionals. However, the emergence of the Cartagena and Vienna Declarations has established nutritional care as a human right, providing a new legal and ethical paradigm to tackle these disparities.Summary: Reducing inequities requires integrating nutritional care into Universal Health Coverage and mandating standardized screening and diagnosis using Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Strategic alternatives include educational reform, interdisciplinary support teams, and patient empowerment. Ensuring equitable access to medical nutrition is essential to uphold human dignity and fulfill the right to health.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reframing obesity through the gut microbiota: functional dysbiosis and metabolic disease. 通过肠道菌群重塑肥胖：功能失调和代谢疾病。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001230

Alaa Hamdan, Al Nabhani Ziad

{"title":"Reframing obesity through the gut microbiota: functional dysbiosis and metabolic disease.","authors":"Alaa Hamdan, Al Nabhani Ziad","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001230","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Obesity and its metabolic complications remain major global health challenges. Beyond excess caloric intake, emerging evidence implicates diet-induced gut microbiota dysfunction as a modulator of metabolic homeostasis. This review examines recent advances in understanding how functional alterations of the gut microbiota contribute to obesity pathogenesis.Recent findings: Current data indicate that obesity is characterized less by specific microbial taxa and more by disruption of key microbial functions. Diet-induced dysbiosis alters short-chain fatty acid production, bile acid metabolism, tryptophan-derived signaling, and intestinal barrier integrity. These changes promote metabolic endotoxemia, impair enteroendocrine hormone secretion, and disrupt gut-brain and gut-liver communication, contributing to adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Experimental and clinical studies further suggest that microbiota-targeted interventions, including dietary fiber enrichment, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, can partially restore microbial metabolic function and improve selected metabolic outcomes.Summary: Obesity is increasingly conceptualized as a state of diet-driven functional gut microbiota disruption. Targeting microbial metabolic pathways rather than individual taxa may offer a promising adjunctive strategy to complement established therapies for obesity-related metabolic disease.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in nutritional assessment and decision making. 人工智能在营养评估和决策中的应用。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001229

Pierre Singer, Michal Slavin Kish, Orit Raphaeli

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in nutritional assessment and decision making.","authors":"Pierre Singer, Michal Slavin Kish, Orit Raphaeli","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001229","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the review: Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an non contourable tool in clinical nutrition practice. This review proposes to discuss the most recent advances that can support the physician in nutritional assessment and mainly physician decision support systems trying to predict and prevent nutritional related complications.Recent findings: Advanced data storage systems improve screening and assessment tools using large database analysis. Medical CT images analysis can determine patients suffering from sarcopenia and suggest outcome predictions accordingly. Decision making of the type of parenteral nutrition formula according to cluster obtained by machine of large databases has been shown to be superior to the prescription of neonatologists in preterm children. Machine learning can help to anticipate enteral feeding intolerance and predict enteral nutrition feeding success. Numerous digital technologies support analysis of the meal, allows for the passive monitoring of eating behaviors, including acoustic sensors for swallowing detection and motion sensors for tracking hand-to-mouth gestures.Summary: Each step in clinical nutrition, from screening to clinical decision-making, can be improved using AI. However, large data sources, the participation of data scientists, and advanced technologies are required. These improvements have the potential to transform clinical nutrition toward personalized nutrition, but AI integration should be carefully monitored to ensure patient benefit and safety.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The mitochondrial side of frailty. 线粒体虚弱的一面。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001175

Emanuele Marzetti, Rosa Di Lorenzo, Anna Picca

{"title":"The mitochondrial side of frailty.","authors":"Emanuele Marzetti, Rosa Di Lorenzo, Anna Picca","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001175","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001175","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Frailty, a prevalent geriatric condition marked by reduced physiological reserve and greater vulnerability to stressors, is increasingly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review summarizes current evidence on mitochondrial quality control, bioenergetics, and signaling in frailty, with emphasis on biomarker discovery and translational potential.Recent findings: Preclinical and human studies have shown that impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, altered dynamics, and defective mitophagy contribute to frailty, sarcopenia, and immune dysregulation. Frail older adults exhibit reduced mitochondrial DNA content, diminished mitochondrial respiratory capacity, elevated reactive oxygen species generation, and distinctive metabolomic changes. Potential biomarkers include mitochondria-derived vesicles, circulating metabolites, and measures of peripheral blood mononuclear cell respiration, which may enable early detection of functional decline. Multivariate profiling approaches have identified sex-specific and shared molecular signatures converging on mitochondrial pathways. Interventions promoting mitochondrial health, including resistance training and targeted immunomodulation, hold promise in slowing frailty progression.Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction lies at the intersection of musculoskeletal, metabolic, and immune changes underpinning frailty. While integrative biomarker panels have defined metabolic signatures, early diagnosis and personalized therapies remain unmet needs. Longitudinal studies are required to establish causality, refine biomarker utility, and guide precision medicine strategies to preserve mitochondrial function, extend healthspan, and improve quality of life in aging populations.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"224-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An update on probiotics in paediatrics. 儿科益生菌的最新进展。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001192

Maria Zemła, Maja Kotowska-Bąbol, Hania Szajewska

{"title":"An update on probiotics in paediatrics.","authors":"Maria Zemła, Maja Kotowska-Bąbol, Hania Szajewska","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001192","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001192","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Probiotics are widely used in paediatrics, but efficacy varies by strain and indication. In 2023, the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications issued strain-specific recommendations for gastrointestinal disorders. This review summarises studies published since 2024 to assess whether new evidence warrants changes to these recommendations.Recent findings: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Saccharomyces boulardii are recommended for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. LGG, S. boulardii , Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, or the combination of L. rhamnosus 19070-2 and L. reuteri DSM 12246 may be considered in acute gastroenteritis. For infant colic, recommendations include L. reuteri DSM 17938 or Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 in breast-fed infants; for functional abdominal pain, L. reuteri DSM 17938 or LGG. No probiotics are recommended for constipation. For prevention of necrotising enterocolitis, weak recommendations include LGG or a combination of B. infantis BB-02, B. lactis BB-12 and Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4. There is no recommendation for or against probiotic-supplemented formulas.Summary: Recent trials have not provided sufficient evidence to justify changes to the ESPGHAN recommendations. Evidence for probiotic use in paediatrics is confined to a few strains and indications. Larger multicentre studies with standardised preparations and clearly defined outcomes are still needed.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"320-326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional strategies and their influence on growth and body composition in moderate and late preterm infants: a systematic review of recent literature. 营养策略及其对中度和晚期早产儿生长和身体组成的影响：近期文献的系统综述。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001206

Anne H Lafeber, Lorijn C D de Kraker, Johannes B van Goudoever, Femke de Groof

{"title":"Nutritional strategies and their influence on growth and body composition in moderate and late preterm infants: a systematic review of recent literature.","authors":"Anne H Lafeber, Lorijn C D de Kraker, Johannes B van Goudoever, Femke de Groof","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001206","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001206","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: While moderate and late preterm infants (MLPTI, gestational age 32 0/7-36 6/7 weeks) represent the largest group of preterm infants worldwide, studies on nutritional needs remain scarce. This review evaluated the latest evidence on nutritional strategies for MLPTI and their effect on growth and body composition.Recent findings: For the first time, specific recommended nutritional intakes were defined by a group of experts, resulting in a recommended protein intake of 3.1-3.5 g/kg/day and a recommended energy intake of 127-130 kcal/kg/day. However, most MLPTI fail to meet these targets in the first week of life. Higher early protein and energy intakes were associated with improved weight gain, head growth, and reduced extra-uterine growth restriction in the first months of life, but data beyond those first months were limited. Feeding type also influenced outcomes: infants who were exclusively fed mother's milk showed lower fat mass and higher lean mass compared to those receiving formula.Summary: Nutrition in MLPTI is critical for early growth and body composition. Breastfeeding support and adequate early protein and energy intake appear beneficial for early growth. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the lasting impact of early nutrition on growth and body composition in MLPTI.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"291-298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitamin D supplementation in infancy: a revisited systematic review. 婴儿补充维生素D：一个重新审视的系统评价。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001212

Francis B Mimouni, Aviad Agam, Iris Arad, Joseph Mendlovic

{"title":"Vitamin D supplementation in infancy: a revisited systematic review.","authors":"Francis B Mimouni, Aviad Agam, Iris Arad, Joseph Mendlovic","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001212","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001212","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To systematically evaluate recent evidence on vitamin D supplementation during infancy, focusing on optimal dosing, population variability, and emerging nonskeletal effects. The review emphasizes current controversies and gaps that remain in translating evidence into policy and clinical practice.Recent findings: Recent randomized trials and meta-analyses confirm that daily supplementation of 400 IU vitamin D maintains adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in most healthy, term infants. However, higher doses (600-1200 IU) may be required for infants at elevated risk of deficiency, including those with limited sunlight exposure, darker skin pigmentation, or residing in northern latitudes. Evidence for extra-skeletal benefits, such as immune modulation or respiratory protection, remains inconclusive. Methodological heterogeneity, differing baseline vitamin D status, and variable adherence complicate comparisons across studies.Summary: Current evidence supports universal vitamin D supplementation during infancy to prevent deficiency and ensure skeletal health. The benefit of higher doses or supplementation beyond infancy remains uncertain. Future studies should clarify dose-response relationships, long-term safety, and potential systemic effects, while integrating population-specific determinants of deficiency into clinical and public health guidelines.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"313-319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146149188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth differentiation factor 15 as a biomarker of frailty: evidence from recent studies. 生长分化因子15作为脆弱的生物标志物：来自最近研究的证据。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001213

Shuli Lian, Yves Rolland, Philipe de Souto Barreto

{"title":"Growth differentiation factor 15 as a biomarker of frailty: evidence from recent studies.","authors":"Shuli Lian, Yves Rolland, Philipe de Souto Barreto","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001213","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress- response protein of the TGF-β superfamily, has emerged as a potential biomarker of frailty. This review aims to summarize recent evidence on the association between GDF15 and frailty.Recent findings: Emerging data from 14 recent studies, including seven longitudinal and seven cross-sectional investigations, support GDF15 as a promising biomarker for frailty. Longitudinal studies indicate that elevated GDF15 levels are associated with an increased risk of developing frailty and with adverse outcomes related to frailty over follow-up periods of up to 13 years, across both community-dwelling and clinical populations, such as patients with cardiometabolic diseases or postknee replacement. The predictive value of GDF15 appears to vary depending on the frailty assessment tool used. Cross-sectional analyses corroborate longitudinal findings by showing that GDF15 levels are associated to frailty severity across diverse populations (e.g., community-dwelling, acutely hospitalized patients) in a dose--response manner.Summary: GDF15 represents a promising biomarker for frailty, reflecting physical decline and risk of future frailty. Future research should address sex-specific effects, standardize assay protocols and frailty assessments, and explore the clinical utility of GDF15 to detect people at increased risk of decline in intrinsic capacity and frailty in a life course perspective.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":"29 3","pages":"214-223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional prehabilitation strategies in abdominal surgery. 腹部手术的营养康复策略。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001215

Wayne Fradley, Sawsan Abdul-Hamid, Bethan E Phillips

{"title":"Nutritional prehabilitation strategies in abdominal surgery.","authors":"Wayne Fradley, Sawsan Abdul-Hamid, Bethan E Phillips","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001215","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001215","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Many patients undergoing abdominal surgery are considered at-risk of malnutrition and may have a multitude of modifiable risk factors for adverse surgical outcomes. Prior to surgery, risk factors should be identified and mitigated via prehabilitation. This review aims to highlight recent research in nutritional screening, assessment and interventions being incorporated into surgical prehabilitation programmes.Recent findings: Nutritional screening identifies at-risk patients most likely to benefit from prehabilitation. Assessment of body composition using radiological methods provides an integrated accurate means of risk stratification, allowing intervention in those most likely to benefit. Biochemical immune-nutrition prognostic markers may provide a useful adjunct but lack robust clinical evidence. Unimodal nutritional prehabilitation interventions have mixed evidence of benefit in improving clinical outcomes, such as infectious complications and length of stay. Multimodal interventions are considered more pragmatic and may positively impact functional outcomes and reduce complication rates.Summary: Utilizing nutrition as part of multimodal prehabilitation shows promise for improving clinical and functional outcomes yet requires strong collaboration between key stakeholders. Significant heterogeneity in study designs and patient characteristics renders difficulties in establishing the most efficacious approaches. Further research is required to determine optimal strategies and the cost effectiveness of such programmes.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"231-237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13048322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of the gut microbiome in infancy: recent advances. 婴儿期肠道微生物群的进化：最新进展。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001209

Ana Enríquez-Belenguer, Eduard Flores Ventura, Anna Valls-Verdoy, María Carmen Collado

{"title":"Evolution of the gut microbiome in infancy: recent advances.","authors":"Ana Enríquez-Belenguer, Eduard Flores Ventura, Anna Valls-Verdoy, María Carmen Collado","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001209","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001209","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The early-life gut microbiome is a dynamic ecosystem that alongside other niches, such as the oral and skin microbiomes, undergoes rapid assembly and genetic evolution from birth through to adulthood. Although it was originally considered to be a passive colonisation process, recent findings suggest that early microbial development is a co-evolving, host-modulated process influenced by multiple factors, including maternal microbiota, mode of delivery, human milk, feeding practices, environmental exposure, and genetics, highlighting the timeliness of this review.Recent findings: In recent years, high-resolution sequencing and longitudinal multiomics have enabled the detailed observation of the early stages of microbial adaptation, assembly, strain transmission, diversification, and horizontal gene transfer in the early stages of life. New data also reveal maternal-foetal microbial signalling via metabolites and extracellular vesicles, as well as the evolutionary role of human milk oligosaccharides, and the involvement of phages, plasmids, and mobile genetic elements in infant gut microbial evolution.Summary: This review provides a summary of advances during gestation, birth, breastfeeding and infancy. However, further research is required into microbial evolution, and predicting its clinical significance, as well as the role of artificial intelligence tools. Understanding early microbial adaptation processes could transform nutrition, precision medicine, and paediatric care.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"327-333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0