Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care最新文献_第2页

Vitamin D in the critically ill - update 2024. 重症患者的维生素 D - 2024 年更新。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001068

Christina Geiger, James Dayre McNally, Kenneth B Christopher, Karin Amrein

{"title":"Vitamin D in the critically ill - update 2024.","authors":"Christina Geiger, James Dayre McNally, Kenneth B Christopher, Karin Amrein","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001068","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001068","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review aims to summarize the latest publications on vitamin D focused on critically ill patients.Recent findings: Vitamin D deficiency is common in critically ill patients (children and adults) and associated with a higher risk for mortality and morbidity as well as sepsis, acute respiratory failure, acute renal failure and prolonged ICU stay. As it is an inexpensive substance with a wide safety margin, acute treatment in form of a loading dose in addition to ongoing maintenance therapy is an interesting option in the ICU. The potential benefit of acute native (biologically inactive) vitamin D treatment has not fully been answered but even a small survival benefit demonstrable in very large analyses could be relevant to critical care. To date, less than 5000 patients cumulative have been enrolled in randomized controlled trials concerning vitamin D, with substantial heterogeneity in trial design regarding population (with or without deficiency, coronavirus disease 2019, different age groups, underlying illnesses), metabolite, dosing, outcome, and more.Summary: More research is needed, but vitamin D supplementation represents a simple intervention with an excellent safety profile. As adequate vitamin D is essential to the health of multiple organ systems, rapid normalization of deficiency states could translate to benefits across the wide range of diagnoses and organ dysfunctions experienced in the ICU setting. As a minimum, we recommend administering the standard daily dose of vitamin D3 in the critically ill patient.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and neuromuscular function in older adults. 补充长链 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸与老年人的神经肌肉功能。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001065

Oliver Hayman, Emilie Combet, Oliver C Witard, Stuart R Gray

{"title":"Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and neuromuscular function in older adults.","authors":"Oliver Hayman, Emilie Combet, Oliver C Witard, Stuart R Gray","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001065","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001065","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review aims to explore the latest research investigating the effects of marine-derived long-chain n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC n -3 PUFA) supplementation on neuromuscular function in older adults.Recent findings: Ageing results in a decline in skeletal muscle strength and mass. There is growing evidence that LC n -3 PUFA supplementation increases muscle strength and mass in healthy older adults, yet the mechanisms underlying these effects remain elusive. Recent studies investigating LC n -3 PUFA supplementation have demonstrated effects on neuromuscular function such as increases in the compound muscle action potential (M-wave) amplitude and surface electromyography alongside increases in muscular strength. Therefore, evidence suggests that LC n -3 PUFA may elicit a beneficial effect at the neuromuscular junction and possess neuroprotective properties in older adults.Summary: LC n -3 PUFA supplementation may increase or maintain neuromuscular function throughout the ageing process. Further research is warranted to investigate the long-term effects LC n -3 PUFA supplementation on neuromuscular outcomes such as single motor unit properties and cortical/supraspinal networks, utilizing state-of-the-art techniques in neuromuscular physiology.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in nutritional science and physiological function: an editorial review. 营养科学与生理功能的进展：编辑评论》。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001069

Carla M Prado, Philip J Atherton

引用次数: 0

Amino acids and the kidney; friends or foes? 氨基酸与肾脏：朋友还是敌人？

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001083

Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Giovanni Landoni, Giacomo Monti, Rinaldo Bellomo

{"title":"Amino acids and the kidney; friends or foes?","authors":"Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Giovanni Landoni, Giacomo Monti, Rinaldo Bellomo","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001083","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and is independently associated with morbidity and mortality. Moreover, AKI increases the risk of chronic kidney disease, which is a major healthcare problem. Currently, no single therapy has been proven to be effective in preventing AKI. The role of amino acids in the context of kidney function and AKI prevention has been controversial and most of the evidence is available from nutritional studies. However, knowledge of amino acids in recruiting renal functional reserve and their potential role to protect renal function under stress has recently expanded.Recent findings: The nephroprotective effects of amino acids were first postulated in 1973. Recently, this strategy gained renewed interest and has been more extensively studied, reintroducing their use in clinical situations characterized by a high incidence of AKI. Intravenous amino acids administration for kidney protection is now supported by a large multinational randomized double-blind controlled trial in cardiac surgery and by experimental and observational data. All such data support the rationale for a biologically and clinically important nephroprotective effect.Summary: The infusion of amino acids was recently found to reduce the incidence of AKI in cardiac surgery patients and surgical patients. This strategy for the protection of renal function is supported by a multicenter, international, double-blind randomized trial, with a huge potential for additional application in several clinical fields. Several mechanisms of action support the robustness of these findings and are summarized in this manuscript.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mammalian colonic contribution of amino acids to whole-body homeostasis. 哺乳动物结肠中的氨基酸对全身平衡的贡献

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001082

Sindhu Kashyap, Anura V Kurpad

{"title":"Mammalian colonic contribution of amino acids to whole-body homeostasis.","authors":"Sindhu Kashyap, Anura V Kurpad","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001082","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The colon is an effective bioreactor with auxotrophic microbiota that can serve by hydrolyzing dietary and endogenous protein, as well as by synthesizing essential amino acids through nitrogen salvage. Due to assumed negligible amino acid absorption, this colonic contribution was thought to be minimal, but this may not be true.Recent findings: Several studies that examined the colonic environment in health and disease, show the presence of proteases in the colonic lumen, which are of both host and microbial origin, along with indirect evidence of amino acid transporters in the colonic epithelium. There are also amino acid biosynthetic pathways in the microflora, and the contribution of colonic amino acid to host amino acid nutrition has been shown in wild animals. Yet, current direct and quantitative evidence on amino acid absorption in human colon is minimal.Summary: Although amino acid absorption in colon is not very well established, current studies show that substantial amounts of amino acid could possibly be contributed to the host by the colon. There is a need for assessing this contribution quantitatively using direct isotopic methods under different nutritional conditions, dietary intakes, and clinical conditions.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New dietary trends and alternative proteins: the emergence of novel food allergens. 新的饮食趋势和替代蛋白质：新型食物过敏原的出现。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001081

Yara Awad, Hervé Bernard, Karine Adel-Patient, Stéphane Hazebrouck

{"title":"New dietary trends and alternative proteins: the emergence of novel food allergens.","authors":"Yara Awad, Hervé Bernard, Karine Adel-Patient, Stéphane Hazebrouck","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001081","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the review: New dietary trends driven by environmental and health considerations will undoubtedly lead to the emergence of novel food allergens. Assessment of the allergenic risk of new or modified protein-containing food sources and ingredients, as well as surveillance of emerging food allergies, is then required.Recent findings: Developments of in silico and in vitro models apprehending protein capacity to cross-react with other homologous proteins and to induce a de novo allergic sensitization are ongoing to better integrate multiple parameters such as 3D structural information or major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) presentation propensity. However, the effects of food matrices and food processing still need to be addressed in these models. Consequently, clinical and postmarket surveillance remain of critical importance to alert on emergent food allergies, which are modulated by regional dietary practices.Summary: Monitoring of the emergence of food allergens requires close collaborations between allergologists, consumers, patient associations and food safety authorities. We also need to get a consensus on an acceptable level of allergenic risk that offers the possibility to develop and market innovative and sustainable food products.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary protein splanchnic uptake and digestibility via stable isotope tracers. 通过稳定同位素示踪剂了解膳食蛋白质的脾脏吸收和消化率。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001061

Jake Cox, Daniel James Wilkinson, Philip James Atherton, Kenneth Smith

{"title":"Dietary protein splanchnic uptake and digestibility via stable isotope tracers.","authors":"Jake Cox, Daniel James Wilkinson, Philip James Atherton, Kenneth Smith","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001061","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001061","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Dietary proteins are broken down into peptides across the gastrointestinal tract, with skeletal muscle being a primary deposition site for amino acids in the form of incorporation into, for example, metabolic and structural proteins. It follows that key research questions remain as to the role of amino acid bioavailability, of which protein digestibility and splanchnic sequestration (absorption and utilization) of amino acids are determining factors, impact upon muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in clinical states.Recent findings: Elevated splanchnic amino acid uptake has been implicated in anabolic resistance (i.e. attenuated anabolic responses to protein intake) observed in ageing, though it is unclear whether this limits MPS. The novel 'dual stable isotope tracer technique' offers a promising, minimally invasive approach to quantify the digestion of any protein source(s). Current work is focused on the validation of this technique against established methods, with scope to apply this to clinical and elderly populations to help inform mechanistic and interventional insights.Summary: Considerations should be made for all facets of protein quality; digestibility of the protein, absorption/utilization and subsequent peripheral bioavailability of amino acids, and resultant stimulation of MPS. Stable isotope tracer techniques offer a minimally invasive approach to achieve this, with wide-ranging clinical application.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary fats as regulators of neutrophil plasticity: an update on molecular mechanisms. 膳食脂肪是中性粒细胞可塑性的调节剂：分子机制的最新进展。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001055

Anna Parolini, Lorenzo Da Dalt, Giuseppe Danilo Norata, Andrea Baragetti

{"title":"Dietary fats as regulators of neutrophil plasticity: an update on molecular mechanisms.","authors":"Anna Parolini, Lorenzo Da Dalt, Giuseppe Danilo Norata, Andrea Baragetti","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001055","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001055","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Contemporary guidelines for the prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases focus on the control of dietary fat intake, because of their adverse metabolic effects. Moreover, fats alter innate immune defenses, by eliciting pro-inflammatory epigenetic mechanisms on the long-living hematopoietic cell progenitors which, in the bone marrow, mainly give rise to short-living neutrophils. Nevertheless, the heterogenicity of fats and the complexity of the biology of neutrophils pose challenges in the understanding on how this class of nutrients could contribute to the development of cardio-metabolic diseases via specific molecular mechanisms activating the inflammatory response.Recent findings: The knowledge on the biology of neutrophils is expanding and there are now different cellular networks orchestrating site-specific reprogramming of these cells to optimize the responses against pathogens. The innate immune competence of neutrophil is altered in response to high fat diet and contributes to the development of metabolic alterations, although the precise mechanisms are still poorly understood.Summary: Defining the different molecular mechanisms involved in the fat-neutrophil crosstalk will help to reconcile the sparse data about the interaction of dietary fats with neutrophils and to tailor strategies to target neutrophils in the context of cardio-metabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001033

Federico Bozzetti

{"title":"Age-related and cancer-related sarcopenia: is there a difference?","authors":"Federico Bozzetti","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001033","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001033","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The aim of this review is the attempt to differentiating the pathophysiologic and clinical features of the aging-related sarcopenia from cancer-related sarcopenia. In fact, there is some controversy among the experts mainly regarding two points: is always sarcopenia, even that aging-related one, the expression of a generalized disease or may exist independently and without major alteration of the muscle function? Are always aging-related and cancer-related sarcopenia completely separated entities?Recent findings: Literature shows that sarcopenia, defined as simple skeletal muscle mass loss, may range from a mainly focal problem which is common in many healthy elderly people, to a component of a complex multiorgan syndrome as cancer cachexia. Disuse, malnutrition and (neuro)degenerative processes can account for most of the aging-related sarcopenias while systemic inflammation and secretion of cancer-and immune-related molecules play an additional major role in cachexia.Summary: A multimodal approach including physical exercise and optimized nutritional support are the key measures to offset sarcopenia with some contribution by the anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer patients. Results are more promising in elderly patients and are still pending for cancer patients where a more specific approach will only rely on the identification and contrast of the key mediators of the cachectic process.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140130996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A look inside the gut as a clue to nutritional status. 从肠道内部了解营养状况。

IF 3 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001049

Nir Bar, Siham Abdelgani, Simon Lal, Liat Deutsch

{"title":"A look inside the gut as a clue to nutritional status.","authors":"Nir Bar, Siham Abdelgani, Simon Lal, Liat Deutsch","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001049","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001049","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Malabsorption and malnutrition are common gastrointestinal manifestations clinicians face, requiring diagnostic workup for effective diagnosis and management of the underlying cause. This review discusses recent advances in diagnostic approaches to malabsorption and maldigestion of macronutrients - lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. We highlight underrecognized causes, available testing modalities, and ongoing diagnostic unmet needs.Recent findings: Innovations in the diagnostic landscape are enhancing our understanding of malabsorption syndromes. Stool collection and handling is uncomfortable and commonly avoided. The objective quantification of stool lipids, bile acids, and gut enzymes is therefore underused in the diagnosis and management of common disorders such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid diarrhea, protein-losing enteropathy, and more. We review the recent advancements in spot quantification of stool fat and bile acid content, endoscopic imaging techniques such as endocytoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy, and optical coherence tomography and the future place in clinical practice.Summary: Malabsorption and maldigestion represent significant challenges in clinical nutrition and gastroenterology. Through the integration of advanced diagnostic techniques, clinicians will be better equipped to tailor therapy and monitor treatment response, ultimately improving patient health outcomes. This review underscores the critical role of innovative diagnostic tools in accurately detecting and effectively managing gastrointestinal disorders linked to nutritional status.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0