Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care最新文献_第2页

The role of high-protein diets in the management of glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. 高蛋白饮食在2型糖尿病患者血糖控制管理中的作用

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001161

Gráinne Whelehan, Francis B Stephens

{"title":"The role of high-protein diets in the management of glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Gráinne Whelehan, Francis B Stephens","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001161","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001161","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Type 2 diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease with dietary treatment often recommended as the first line management strategy. Whilst caloric restriction remains the most-effective means of obtaining diabetes remission, high-protein diets (25-35% of energy intake) have garnered interest for their potential role in optimizing postprandial and longer-term glycaemic control. High-protein diets are not currently an established recommendation for people with diabetes and here we discuss the recent evidence for high-protein diets and glycaemic control.Recent findings: This review highlights the evidence demonstrating improved postprandial glycaemia after acute protein ingestion due to increased insulin secretion, and whether this translates into longer-term dietary intervention trials. The impact of the source of protein is clear within acute postprandial studies, but appears less relevant over longer periods. We also discuss the caveats surrounding high-protein diets, including the weight-loss independent benefits and the accompanying reduction in dietary carbohydrate.Summary: High-protein diets, in combination with a reduction in carbohydrate intake, may be a useful dietary strategy in the management of glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"489-495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ketogenic diet in the management of disease. 生酮饮食在疾病管理中的应用。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001158

Thien Luong, Mads Svart, Lars Christian Gormsen, Esben Søndergaard

{"title":"Ketogenic diet in the management of disease.","authors":"Thien Luong, Mads Svart, Lars Christian Gormsen, Esben Søndergaard","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001158","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001158","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The ketogenic diet has gained renewed attention as a nutritional intervention across a range of chronic diseases. This review evaluates the recent clinical evidence supporting ketogenic diet applications beyond epilepsy, with a focus on cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and oncological conditions.Recent findings: Ketogenic diet improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in obesity and type 2 diabetes, effect that are partly attributable to weight loss, but also include reduced postprandial glucose excursions, lower insulin levels, and altered substrate metabolism. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, ketogenic diet may increase substrate availability, cerebral perfusion and cognition function. Preliminary data from uncontrolled studies suggests potential benefits in severe mental illness. In oncology, ketogenic diet may influence tumor metabolism via glucose restriction, but clinical efficacy as an adjunct therapy remains unproven. Across studies, conclusions are limited by short intervention durations, inconsistent protocols, low dietary adherence, and high interindividual variability in metabolic response.Summary: Although emerging data suggest therapeutic potential of ketogenic diet across several conditions, routine clinical implementation is premature. Future trials should employ standardized dietary protocols and assess long-term, clinically relevant outcomes to establish safety and efficacy.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"477-482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Muscle preservation during hospitalization: energy balance, protein intake, and habitual physical activity. 住院期间的肌肉保存：能量平衡、蛋白质摄入和习惯性体力活动。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001154

Cas J Fuchs, Luc J C van Loon

{"title":"Muscle preservation during hospitalization: energy balance, protein intake, and habitual physical activity.","authors":"Cas J Fuchs, Luc J C van Loon","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001154","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001154","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Muscle loss during hospitalization is a major clinical concern, as it has been associated with reduced physical function, quality of life, and increased mortality. This review outlines the key causes of muscle wasting and highlights practical strategies to support muscle mass preservation during hospitalization.Recent findings: Physical inactivity, along with reduced energy and protein intake, are the primary drivers of muscle atrophy during hospitalization by suppressing muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Maintaining energy balance is critical to prevent declines in MPS rates and attenuate muscle loss. Preserving habitual protein intake is essential and, when total energy intake is reduced, should be achieved through a more protein-dense diet. Preventing disuse atrophy requires at least some level of daily physical activity. Physical activity sensitizes skeletal muscle to the anabolic properties of protein ingestion, enabling greater use of protein-derived amino acids for MPS. Therefore, frequent in-hospital movements, such as bed-to-chair transfers and walking, should be encouraged. When voluntary activity or muscle contractions are impossible, exercise mimetics, like neuromuscular electrical stimulation, may be applied to stimulate muscle activity and limit muscle mass loss.Summary: Preserving muscle mass during hospitalization requires a multimodal approach: achieving energy balance, maintaining protein intake, minimizing muscle disuse, and, whenever necessary, apply exercise mimetics.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"439-444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between nutritional status and sleep quality in older adults: an update. 老年人营养状况与睡眠质量之间的关系：最新进展。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001172

Xiaopan Xu, Mian Wang

{"title":"Association between nutritional status and sleep quality in older adults: an update.","authors":"Xiaopan Xu, Mian Wang","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001172","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The complex association between nutritional status and sleep quality in older adults remains poorly understood. This review critically examines recent advances and the potential of targeted nutritional interventions to enhance sleep and promote healthy aging.Recent findings: Emerging evidence links malnutrition and imbalances in key micronutrients and macronutrients to poor sleep quality in older adults. Studies highlight that adherence to plant-based diets, adequate consumption of milk and marine fish, and avoidance of stimulants such as green tea and coffee are associated with better sleep outcomes. Supplementation with specific nutrients, including methyl donor nutrients and amino acid derivatives, shows promise in improving sleep parameters. Additionally, social determinants influencing nutritional status also impact sleep quality. However, the majority of current evidence is observational, and randomized controlled trials remain limited in size, duration, and focus, often examining isolated nutrients rather than comprehensive dietary patterns.Summary: Nutritional status is a modifiable factor that significantly influences sleep quality in older adults. While current findings support the potential of dietary and supplemental interventions to improve sleep, robust clinical trials and mechanistic research are needed to establish causality and optimize personalized nutrition strategies for healthy aging and better sleep health.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gut microbiota dysbiosis and its relation to osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older people. 老年人肠道菌群失调及其与骨质疏松症和肌肉减少症的关系。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001173

Andrea Ticinesi, Riccardo Spaggiari, Angelina Passaro, Stefano Volpato

{"title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis and its relation to osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older people.","authors":"Andrea Ticinesi, Riccardo Spaggiari, Angelina Passaro, Stefano Volpato","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001173","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a modulator of the biology of aging. Several preclinical studies suggest that dysbiosis, typically arising in the older age, is associated with osteoporosis and sarcopenia. This review examines the recent findings on the mechanistic aspects of the gut-bone and gut-muscle axes in aging and provides a critical overview on their translation to clinical practice.Recent findings: Gut microbiome can modulate the pathophysiology of osteoporosis and sarcopenia through multiple mechanisms, particularly involving the production of bioactive mediators such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids and tryptophan metabolites. Dysbiosis increases the risk of osteoporosis, fragility fractures and muscle wasting, with possible sex-specific differences, but the definition of GM traits associated with each condition is inconsistent across studies. Short-term microbiome-modifying treatments, including probiotics and functional foods, slowed down the age-related decline in bone mineral density and improved muscle function in a handful of small-sized clinical studies.Summary: Gut microbiome remains a very promising therapeutic target against osteoporosis and sarcopenia, but no recommendations can be made for clinical practice at the current state-of-art. Microbiome-targeted strategies may soon emerge as valuable adjuvant therapies in the management of age-related musculoskeletal decline.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex-specific effects of diet and physical activity on health outcomes in older adults. 饮食和体育活动对老年人健康结果的性别特异性影响

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001170

Amanda D Hagstrom, Miaobing Zheng, Justin Keogh

{"title":"Sex-specific effects of diet and physical activity on health outcomes in older adults.","authors":"Amanda D Hagstrom, Miaobing Zheng, Justin Keogh","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001170","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review summarizes the current literature around sex-based differences in adaptations to diet and exercise in older adults. This review is timely as there is continued debate around the necessity of sex-based interventions across the lifespan.Recent findings: Evidence shows that exercise does not appear to confer many sex-based differences in adaptation to either muscle strengthening, or cardiovascular types of exercise, especially when these changes are reported in relative (percentage) terms.There appear to be some differences in response to dietary exposures between sexes. However, the extent of sex differences is still largely unclear due to many studies not reporting or analysing data by sex.Summary: Implications for clinical practice are that there is currently insufficient evidence for exercise-related changes in muscle strengthening or cardiovascular outcomes being significantly affected by sex in older adults. There are some sex-based differences in response to dietary factors, however, the mechanisms remain unclear. At present, individualized lifestyle prescriptions taking into consideration health conditions, risk factors, client history and goals appear to be logical over a blanket sex-based approach.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing systemic inflammation and its prognostic value: Glasgow Prognostic Score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio or other options? 评估全身性炎症及其预后价值：格拉斯哥预后评分、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率还是其他选择？

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001151

Maurizio Muscaritoli, Alessio Molfino, Simona Orlando, Federica Tambaro

{"title":"Assessing systemic inflammation and its prognostic value: Glasgow Prognostic Score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio or other options?","authors":"Maurizio Muscaritoli, Alessio Molfino, Simona Orlando, Federica Tambaro","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001151","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Systemic inflammation represents a complex, widespread physiological response initiated by the body in response to various noxious stressors, including infections, trauma, surgery, and chronic diseases. The assessment of systemic inflammation relies on a spectrum of measurable biological indicators.This review evaluates the current evidence on several systemic inflammation biomarkers, including the traditional Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and other emerging indices such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI).Recent findings: Several simple biomarkers can assess systemic inflammation, each with specific strengths and limitations. The GPS is a well validated index in oncology and is increasingly being used in cardiovascular disease, integrating inflammatory and nutritional status. Blood count-derived ratios such as NLR, PLR, LMR, SII, and SIRI are widely available and have shown prognostic value across different clinical conditions. Current evidence supports their use in risk stratification and clinical decision-making, though interpretation should always consider the overall clinical picture.Summary: Inflammation biomarkers like GPS, NLR, PLR, LMR, SII, and SIRI offer accessible tools for risk stratification, with clinical utility varying by context and requiring further standardization.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":"28 5","pages":"367-372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Detecting and assessing malnutrition: emerging principles and practice. 社论：检测和评估营养不良：新出现的原则和实践。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001152

Jann Arends, Kianoush B Kashani

引用次数: 0

Bioelectrical impedance analysis instruments: how do they differ, what do we need for clinical assessment? 生物电阻抗分析仪器：它们有何不同，临床评估需要什么？

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001142

Yves M Dupertuis, Wedali Jimaja, Cheryle Beardsley Levoy, Laurence Genton

{"title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis instruments: how do they differ, what do we need for clinical assessment?","authors":"Yves M Dupertuis, Wedali Jimaja, Cheryle Beardsley Levoy, Laurence Genton","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001142","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001142","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a widely used, noninvasive method for assessing body composition. Recent technological advances have diversified BIA devices in terms of measurement frequency, electrode configuration, and portability. This review outlines key criteria for selecting a BIA system according to clinical or research needs.Recent findings: Single-frequency BIA (SF-BIA) devices, typically consumer-grade with hand-to-hand or foot-to-foot configurations, are affordable and easy to use but often lack raw data access, clinical validation, and regulatory certification. In contrast, multifrequency BIA (MF-BIA) systems, especially octopolar models, enable segmental analysis and provide greater accuracy for evaluating fluid distribution and lean mass. However, they are costlier, depend on proprietary algorithms, and generally require standing measurements. In hospital settings, portable MF-BIA devices that allow supine, tetrapolar or octopolar assessments are preferable, particularly for use with bedridden patients. Across all contexts, standardized measurement protocols and access to raw parameters ( Z , R , Xc, PhA) are essential to apply accurate, population-specific predictive equations.Summary: Reliable use of BIA requires careful consideration of device type, data accessibility, and methodological consistency. Portable, regulatory-certified MF-BIA systems with tetrapolar or octopolar configurations and access to raw data offer the most accurate and adaptable solutions for clinical and research applications.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"379-387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12337901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The sick gut with diarrhea: FODMAPS for treatment? 腹泻的肠道疾病：FODMAPS治疗？

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001141

Pascal Crenn

引用次数: 0