Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management最新文献

{"title":"North Dakota corn efficiency frontier: Stochastic frontier analysis","authors":"Bayarbat Badarch,&nbsp;David C. Roberts,&nbsp;Michael P. Popp","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>According to climate studies in North Dakota, the state's crop-growing season has been extended. In addition, many studies have shown technological advances in crop production. However, the state has not addressed how crop yield has been affected by weather changes. Thus, this paper investigates the state's corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) yield potential and efficiency measures based on agricultural input use and weather variables from 1994 to 2018. We found that the effects of temperature and precipitation on the state's corn yield frontier (potential) were greater than those of changing agricultural input variables. The stochastic frontier model indicates that the proportion of the total variance attributable to inefficiencies or unexpected shifts in the corn yield frontier were primarily (81%) caused by favorable or unfavorable temperature and precipitation variations each year. At least half of the corn-producing districts were technically efficient, reaching at least 85% of yield potential from 1994 to 2018. Thus, better interannual weather forecasting and input use management taking weather risk management into account will bring higher corn yields for North Dakota farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Federal Crop Insurance Corporation methods to estimate soft winter wheat grain yield in the Eastern United States","authors":"Laura E. Lindsey,&nbsp;Maninder P. Singh,&nbsp;Carrie A. Knott,&nbsp;Matthew W. Hankinson,&nbsp;Prabath Senanayaka Mudiyanselage,&nbsp;James H. Houx III,&nbsp;Mark Zarnstorff","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soft winter wheat (SWW) (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is vulnerable to environmental stressors throughout winter and early spring. To assess yield potential of SWW, crop insurance adjustors estimate grain yield by multiplying the number of stems ft⁻² by a yield factor of 0.50. However, crop insurance adjustors believe the yield factor of 0.50 is too low. A 3-year experiment was conducted in Michigan, Ohio, and Kentucky to compare predicted SWW yield to harvested yield. The existing yield factor underestimated SWW yield in 243 out of 246 comparisons. Average predicted yield was 40 bu acre⁻¹ (range of 6 to 122 bu acre⁻¹) while actual yield averaged 93 bu acre⁻¹ (range of 51 to 124 bu acre⁻¹). Due to the discrepancy in predicted and actual yield, data from a planting date and seeding rate experiment conducted at four site-years in Ohio was used to establish a new yield factor based on the number of stems ft⁻² and fractional green canopy cover (FGCC) measured with the Canopeo app at Feekes 5 growth stage. The new methods were applied to the original multi-state dataset. Using a logarithmic function based on the number of stems ft⁻², 50% of the predicted yield values were within −8 to 18 bu acre⁻¹ of the actual yield values. A logarithmic function based on FGCC resulted in 50% of the predicted yield values within 3 to 18 bu acre⁻¹ of the actual yield values. Overall, our results showed that new models performed better than the current method used by crop insurance adjustors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic performance of soybean with varied planting dates, row configurations, and seeding rates on two different soil textures","authors":"F. Read Kelly,&nbsp;Jason A. Bond,&nbsp;Corey J. Bryant,&nbsp;J. Trenton Irby,&nbsp;Don R. Cook,&nbsp;L. Jason Krutz","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Planting date, row configuration, and seeding rate are three critical factors in obtaining maximum soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] grain yield and can vary based on soil texture. Therefore, two studies were conducted at the Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, MS. The first study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 and sought to determine the effects of planting date (optimal and delayed 21 days), and row configuration (single-, twin-, and triple-row) on soybean growth, development, and grain yield. The second study was conducted in 2021 with three site-years to determine the effects of seeding rate (130,000, 180,000, and 220,000 seeds acre⁻¹) in a triple-row configuration on soybean grain yield compared to a single-row configuration at 130,000 seeds acre⁻¹ on two soil textures (silt loam and clay). Both studies were repeated on silt loam and clay soil textures in every site-year. In the first study, the optimal planting date increased soybean grain yield regardless of soil texture. On both soil textures, twin- and single-row configuration yields were equivalent, but triple-row configuration reduced soybean grain yield up to 9%. Similarly, triple-row configuration reduced soybean density and height at R3 and R8 growth stages. In the second study, increasing triple-row configuration soybean seeding rate by at least 38% provided similar soybean grain yields to a single-row configuration at 130,000 seeds acre⁻¹. These data indicate that triple-row soybean planting configurations do have some benefits, but that future research should focus on equipment limitations experienced in the current research.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophyte effects on drought tolerance of turf-type tall fescue","authors":"Paige E. Boyle,&nbsp;Michael D. Richardson,&nbsp;Douglas E. Karcher,&nbsp;Kenneth W. Hignight,&nbsp;Debra Hignight,&nbsp;Margaret E. Secks","doi":"10.1002/cft2.20310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The response of tall fescue [<i>Schedonorus arundinaceus</i> (Schreb.) Dumort.], infected with fungal endophytes, and subjected to drought stress has varied, presumably due to variability in host–endophyte associations. Much of this research has focused on forage ecotypes; less is known about the effects of endophytes on managed turfgrasses. The objective of these trials was to determine if the presence of fungal endophytes in turf-type tall fescue provides an advantage to the host grass when exposed to drought conditions. Five endophyte-free and endophyte-infected field populations were established in Fayetteville, AR, and Albany, OR. A greenhouse trial was also established in Albany. Turf was subjected to drought and lightbox photos were evaluated to determine days until 75%, 50%, and 25% green cover. Overall, endophyte infection had no consistent effect on the drought response of tall fescue. Although there was no effect on drought response, endophyte infection in turf may confer other benefits, and may still be a valuable tool for turfgrass management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of fungicide on soybean seed quality from delayed harvest and environment","authors":"Donnie K. Miller,&nbsp;Priscilla Campos,&nbsp;Josh T. Copes,&nbsp;Melanie Netterville,&nbsp;Sebe Brown,&nbsp;Paul P. Price,&nbsp;David O. Moseley,&nbsp;Thanos Genetimis,&nbsp;Peters Egbedi,&nbsp;Muhammad Rasel Parvej","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Field studies in 2019–2020 evaluated the influence of fungicide application on seed quality from delayed harvest (approx. 20, 30, and 44 days after optimum harvest timing, i.e., 13% seed moisture). Treatments included nofungicide, pydiflumetofen plus difenoconazole (13.7 fl oz/acre Miravis Top, Syngenta), or mefentrifluconazole plus pyraclostrobin plus fluxapyroxad (8 fl oz/acre Revytek, BASF). Effect of environment was investigated in both field (natural rainfall events) and environmentally controlled growth chambers (79°F or 90°F with 30% or 100% relative humidity and exposed for 48 or 96 h) for potential impacts on soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] seed quality. Seed quality was based on a rating scale of 1 to 10 with 1 being seeds in good condition and 10 being seeds in poor condition, based on USDA reference images. Fungicide application had no effect on seed quality from delayed harvest or a saturated environment (100% relative humidity). Delaying harvest beyond approximately 20 days past optimum timing can result in reduced seed quality regardless of fungicide application (1.0 to 2.0 vs 4.0 to 8.1 rating). In addition, seedpod exposure averaged across temperature and relative humidity environments for as little as 96 h after optimum harvest timing can result in deteriorating seed quality issues (3.2 vs 1.4 rating) regardless of fungicide application. Results indicate that soybean harvest delayed 20 days after optimum timing and subjected to seasonal rainfall events or seedpods exposed to completely saturated conditions for 96 h associated with a tropical weather event will result in soybean seed quality deterioration regardless of fungicide application.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peanut cultivar response to residual soil test potassium in North Mississippi","authors":"Brendan Zurweller,&nbsp;Yangyang Song,&nbsp;Andrew Dygert,&nbsp;Jac Varco,&nbsp;Bryan Whittenton,&nbsp;Justin May,&nbsp;Brad Burgess","doi":"10.1002/cft2.20312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20312","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The average U.S. peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.) yield has increased by approximately 25% with the adoption of peanut cultivar ‘Georgia-06G’. Since this adoption, many new high yielding runner cultivars with similar yield potential have been released. However, current nutrient recommendations are based on soil tests that were developed prior to the release of Georgia-06G. Particularly for potassium, current soil test potassium (STK) critical values were established on soil textures with relatively low cation exchange capacity (CEC) but were not validated on soil textures with high CEC. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield response of five recently released peanut cultivars to four STK levels ranging from very low to medium based on Mississippi State University Extension soil testing recommendations. The STK classification levels were also based on two soil series categorized with high CEC—Leeper (∼38.4 meq 100 g⁻¹) and Marietta (∼15.9 meq 100 g⁻¹) soil series. Cultivars Georgia-06G, ‘Georgia-16HO’, ‘Georgia-18RU’, FloRun ‘331’, and ‘AU-NPL-17’ were evaluated in this study. No STK × variety interaction occurred, indicating similar K requirements across all varieties evaluated. However, a positive pod yield response occurred in both soil types when the average STK increased from 128 to 167 lbs ac⁻¹ for all cultivars and site years. Critical STK values on both soils were greater than many current Extension recommendations, and the critical STK value of Leeper is greater than the Marietta soil series, likely due to the higher CEC value. These results demonstrate the need to adjust peanut STK sufficiency levels based on soil CEC. Further evaluation of modern peanut cultivar productivity response to STK sufficiency levels is needed for soils with moderate CEC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean stand and yield impact from a fungicide seed treatment in North Carolina soybean production","authors":"J. J. Hurry,&nbsp;R. A. Vann,&nbsp;K. D Stowe,&nbsp;G. D. Collins,&nbsp;C. W. Cahoon,&nbsp;D. Anderson,&nbsp;B. Barrow,&nbsp;A. Baucom,&nbsp;T. Britton,&nbsp;J. Carleo,&nbsp;T. Coggins,&nbsp;P. Flowers,&nbsp;A. Gibbs,&nbsp;R. Gurganus,&nbsp;T. Hambrick,&nbsp;M. Huffman,&nbsp;D. King,&nbsp;M. Malloy,&nbsp;M. Place,&nbsp;H. Rhodes,&nbsp;M. Seitz,&nbsp;B. Szilvay,&nbsp;M. S. Tilley,&nbsp;J. Waters,&nbsp;L. Worden,&nbsp;L. Lux","doi":"10.1002/cft2.20311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20311","url":null,"abstract":"<p>North Carolina soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] producers have shifted to earlier planting dates as a mechanism to increase soybean yields. As growers have shifted to earlier planting dates, soybean fungicide seed treatment use has become more common. In 2020 and 2021, on-farm research investigated the value of a fungicide seed treatment across the state. Experiments were conducted across 18 diverse production environments in North Carolina during that time. Treatments included fungicide seed treatment (fludioxonil: 2.32%, mefenoxam: 13.9%, and sedaxane: 2.32%, i.e., Vibrance Trio, a commonly used multi-mode of action fungicide across the state and country) compared to untreated seed. Data collected included soybean stand and soybean yield. The use of a fungicide seed treatment variably affected stand, but when combined over environments, fungicide seed treated plots averaged 110,757 plants/acre as opposed to untreated plots averaging 101,570 plants/acre with significant stand protection in seven of 18 environments. When averaged across environments, fungicide seed treatment protected yield by 1.3 bu/acre which, depending on input practices and soybean selling price, would border providing a return on investment. As planting date was delayed past mid-April, yield decreased for both fungicide treated and untreated plots. Results from this trial indicate that fungicide seed treatments can provide protection of soybean yield and stand in North Carolina although protection provided may not provide a return on investment with current input prices.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.20311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peanut response to single and sequential applications of prohexadione calcium","authors":"David L. Jordan,&nbsp;P. Dewayne Johnson,&nbsp;Andrew Hare,&nbsp;Ethan Foote,&nbsp;Randy Wells,&nbsp;Maria Balota,&nbsp;Billy Barrow,&nbsp;Lance Grimes,&nbsp;Craig Ellison,&nbsp;Della King,&nbsp;Zachary Parker,&nbsp;Michael Brake,&nbsp;Stephen Deal,&nbsp;Brian Stevens,&nbsp;Tommy Corbett,&nbsp;Ivy Lanier,&nbsp;Lloyd Ransom","doi":"10.1002/cft2.20309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20309","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of ring nematode in South Carolina peanut fields","authors":"Sarala Giri,&nbsp;John D. Mueller,&nbsp;Saleh M. Ahmed,&nbsp;Justin B. Hiers,&nbsp;Benjamin B. Fogle,&nbsp;Kendall R. Kirk,&nbsp;Weimin Ye,&nbsp;Daniel J. Anco","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Peanut (&lt;i&gt;Arachis hypogaea&lt;/i&gt; L.) is a worldwide crop rich in protein (25.8%), fat (49.2%), and nutritional value (Kokalis-Bruelle et al., &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;; USDA-ARS, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). The United States is the fourth-largest peanut producing country after China, India, and Nigeria (USDA-FAS, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) and has produced 143,000 tons in 2021 (USDA-NASS, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). South Carolina is ranked sixth in peanut production across the United States. The top peanut-producing counties in South Carolina are Orangeburg, Calhoun, Hampton, Darlington, and Marlboro. Root-knot (&lt;i&gt;Meloidogyne arenaria&lt;/i&gt;), lesion (&lt;i&gt;Pratylenchus brachyurus&lt;/i&gt;), sting (&lt;i&gt;Belonolaimus longicaudatus&lt;/i&gt;), and ring (&lt;i&gt;Mesocriconema ornatum&lt;/i&gt;) nematodes are all important pathogens of peanut. All four taxa occur in many agricultural fields in South Carolina. Among these, ring nematode is commonly found in high numbers in peanut fields (Barker et al., &lt;span&gt;1982&lt;/span&gt;; Dickson, &lt;span&gt;1985&lt;/span&gt;). Ring nematodes are obligate ectoparasites abundant in South Carolina's coastal plain region where sandy soils are typical compared to the Piedmont and mountain regions where loamy soils are more predominant (Dickson &amp; Waele, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;). There are &gt;400 species in the Criconemoides family, and there have been longstanding controversies whether to put Criconemoides and Mesocriconema in the same group as they have many similar characteristics. However, they also have important differences (Brzeski et al., &lt;span&gt;2002a, 2002b&lt;/span&gt;; Hunt et al., &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;). Geraert (&lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;) reported 400 distinct species in the family Criconematidae (including all ring nematode spp.). At least 90 species of Mesocriconema have been reported worldwide, and at least 12 species have been identified in the United States (Cordero et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Powers et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;) with a wide range of morphometric differences. Most of these species are not considered important plant pathogens. Two species of &lt;i&gt;Mesocriconema&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M. xenoplax&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;M. ornatum&lt;/i&gt;, are considered important pathogens of peach [&lt;i&gt;Prunus persica&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Batsch] and peanut, respectively. They have very similar appearances and overlapping morphometrics, leading to difficulty in identification (Talton &amp; Crow, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Other species of ring nematode, like &lt;i&gt;Criconemella curvata&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C. pelerentsi&lt;/i&gt;, have been found in peanut fields (Sakwe &amp; Geraert, &lt;span&gt;1991&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ring nematode (&lt;i&gt;Criconemoides&lt;/i&gt; spp.) was first reported in Georgia peanut fields causing chlorotic symptoms described as groundnut yellows, which were suspected to be caused by &lt;i&gt;Mesocriconema ornatum&lt;/i&gt; (Dickson &amp; Waele, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;; Machmer, &lt;span&gt;1953&lt;/span&gt;). &lt;i&gt;Mesocriconema ornatum&lt;/i&gt; is considered a minor pathogen for many crops, including peanut (Kokalis-Bruelle et al., &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;). Occasionally, this nematode has been reported to cau","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of glyphosate on glyphosate-resistant maize growth and metabolic parameters in the greenhouse and field","authors":"Vitor Simionato Bidóia,&nbsp;Yanna Karoline Santos da Costa,&nbsp;Priscila Lupino Gratão,&nbsp;Caio Antonio Carbonari,&nbsp;Stephen Oscar Duke,&nbsp;Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho","doi":"10.1002/cft2.20308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The potential adverse effects of glyphosate on glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops are still a matter of controversy. The effects of glyphosate at recommended application rates (either a single application of 580 g ae ha⁻¹ of glyphosate at stage V5 or a sequential application of 580 + 980 g ae ha⁻¹ at stage V3 and V7, respectively) on growth, mineral content, and metabolic parameters of GR maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) were determined in greenhouse and field studies, each replicated in different years. No effects on any growth parameter (including grain yield), mineral content (leaf and grain), grain starch, crude protein, or total lipids were found. The only significant negative effect was a slight reduction in tyrosine content of leaf tissue with the sequential treatment, however, there was no increase in shikimic or quinic acids in leaf tissue with any treatment. In a separate greenhouse experiment, there was no sign of oxidative stress, as determined by levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase activities 4 and 8 days after treatment with 1080 g ha⁻¹ glyphosate. In fact, there was a reduction of MDA in roots of glyphosate-treated plants 4 DAT, indicating reduced oxidative stress. No aminomethylphosphonic acid, the primary degradation product of glyphosate, was found in either leaves or grain of treated plants, and no glyphosate was found in grain of treated plants from the field studies. All the results are consistent with there being no adverse effects of glyphosate on GR maize at recommended application rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142117936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}