Maximizing corn yield and partial returns in Michigan by optimizing hybrid maturity selection

Abstract

Relative maturity (RM) selection is important for corn (Zea mays L.) farmers because it has significant effects on yield and profit. Selecting the appropriate RM is particularly important for corn farmers in the northern Corn Belt where growing season length is often a limiting factor. However, there is limited information on optimal RM for maximizing yield and partial returns in Michigan and other northern states. The objective of this study was to examine optimal RM across Michigan over the last two decades to identify RM that maximizes yield and partial returns. Data from irrigated and dryland corn hybrid trials conducted in Michigan between 2006 and 2022 were analyzed. Partial returns were estimated at a single grain price ($4.38 bu⁻¹) and two drying costs ($0.045 and $0.06 bu⁻¹ point⁻¹). Our results showed that optimal RMs remained similar for most years (14 out of 17) and decreased significantly in 2009, 2014, and 2019. Averaged across years, optimal RMs for maximum yield were lowest (ranged from 84 to 95) in northern locations (latitude >44°N) and highest (ranged from 104 to 109) in the south (latitude 42°N). The optimal RM for maximum partial returns was up to 3 units lower than that maximized yield for central and southern locations but showed variability in northern locations. Overall, our results provide useful regional recommendations for Michigan corn farmers to optimize RM selection.