Current HIV Research最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge about HIV and Stigmatizing Attitudes of Medical Students in Saudi Arabia Towards Patients with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study.","authors":"Ehab F Hakami, Abdulaziz M Alghamdi, Zahraa Ali Alwayel, Fatimah Hakami, Muhjah M Almurakshi, Ohoud A Alghamdi, Manar A Ghazzawi, Abdulaziz H Alhazmi","doi":"10.2174/011570162X306347240617192913","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X306347240617192913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the social stigma directed toward patients with HIV are serious public health issues. We aimed to evaluate the HIV knowledge base and stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with HIV among students enrolled in medical schools in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included students at medical colleges in Saudi Arabia and was conducted between February and March 2023. We used non-random convenience sampling with an online chain referral via a validated Arabic questionnaire composed of 35 questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,213 medical students (women: 56.6%) participated in the study. Students in clinical years had a higher level of HIV knowledge than their pre-clinical colleagues. Logistic regression analysis revealed that participants who gave incorrect answers to questions related to mother-to-child and casual contact HIV transmission had a higher likelihood of harboring a negative attitude towards patients with HIV. Conversely, those who correctly answered queries on prevention and treatment were less likely to have stigmatizing attitudes. A significant proportion of this cohort harbored negative attitudes toward patients with HIV, with the sex and geographic location of participants being significant predictors of negative attitudes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data have revealed a significant percentage of medical students in Saudi Arabia to have misconceptions about HIV transmission and prevention, and stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with HIV, indicating a need for targeted interventions to enhance the HIV knowledge base in this population of future caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"249-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Two HIV-1 CRF01_AE/B Recombinant Forms and a CRF01_AE/B/C Recombinant Form in Hebei Province, China.","authors":"Xiangyun Tang, Meng Liu, Ning An, Xinyu Zhang, Yingying Wang, Yan Li, Xinli Lu","doi":"10.2174/011570162X294091240812062836","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X294091240812062836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the Hebei province, Human Immunodeficiency Virus type one (HIV-1) recombinant strains of subtypes B, C, and CRF01_AE are emerging very rapidly and diversely.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In order to confirm the characteristics of novel recombination forms, we aimed to analyze HIV-1 Near-full-length Genome sequences (NFLGs) obtained from three Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phylogenetic trees were constructed and breakpoints analysis were performed based on the NFLGs and each gene fragment to examine the gene recombination patterns of three new HIV-1 NFLGs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HIV-1 subtypes CRF01_AE and B were combined to generate the recombinant structures of the NFLGs 610 and 687. CRF01_AE, B, and C were combined to generate the recombinant structures of the NFLG 825. According to the NFLG phylogenetic tree, the NFLG 825 clustered with CRF65_cpx and the NFLGs 610 and 687 clustered with CRF68_01B. The recombination breakpoints analysis revealed that the recombination pattern of the NFLGs 610 and 687 was the insertion of subtype B fragment into the CRF01_AE backbone. Subregions I, II, and III were derived from CRF01_AE, subtype B, and CRF01_AE, respectively. The recombination pattern of the NFLG 825 contained ten fragments of subtypes CRF01_AE, C, and B. Finally, the above factors were formed using phylogenetic trees and breakpoints analysis, which were combined to get two CRF68_01B forms and one CRF65_cpx form.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings have suggested that it is crucial to keep an eye on the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in Hebei province.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"298-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Pregnancy Status in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and their Partners.","authors":"Mehmet Cabalak, Oya Soylu Karapınar, Cigdem El","doi":"10.2174/011570162X349194241125052104","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X349194241125052104","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;HIV is a globally prevalent infection for which there is currently no cure or vaccine. As the number of individuals with HIV infection increases, so does the number of individuals wishing to have children despite being infected. This situation has highlighted issues related to couples where one partner is infected while the other is not (serodiscordant couples) and couples where both partners are positive. Major issues include pregnancy complications, transmission to the child, and potential side effects of the ART treatment on the health of the child. Women living with HIV who become pregnant or contract the virus during pregnancy are at risk for both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially if the virus is not adequately controlled. Additionally, there is a risk of vertical transmission through breastfeeding during pregnancy and postpartum. To mitigate the consequences of HIV during pregnancy, it is ideal to start with prepregnancy counseling and plan pregnancies during periods of minimal viral load using appropriate methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims and objective: &lt;/strong&gt;There are limited studies and shared experiences regarding fertility status and issues of HIV/AIDS patients, especially in Turkey. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the fertility status of HIV/AIDS patients and their partners followed up in our clinic, shed light on the encountered issues, and share our experiences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective, observational, single-center cross-sectional study included HIV/AIDS patients and their partners followed at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University (MKÜ) Medical Faculty Hospital from January 2018 to December 2023. Demographic data of the patients, their sexual orientations, HIV/AIDS status of their partners and children, treatments received, CD4 cell counts, and viral load data were retrospectively obtained from the automation system of our hospital and patient files.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among the couples, there were 21 pairs where both partners were HIV positive, 10 pairs where the woman was HIV positive and the man was seronegative (serodiscordant), and 5 pairs where the man was HIV positive and the woman was seronegative. In our study, eight couples with both partners HIV positive had nine children, and six couples with women who were HIV positive (serodiscordant) had ten children. The five couples with men who were HIV positive (serodiscordant) had six children. No vertical transmission was observed in our study, but three patients did not attend regular follow-ups. During the follow-up period, no seroconversion was detected in the partners of serodiscordant patients. The average gestational age was 38 weeks, and the average birth weight was 2873 ± 349 grams.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study found no vertical transmission and no seroconversion in partners of serodiscordant couples. Issues related to pregnancy in HIV-positive couples can be man","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"402-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Relationship between Various Risk Factors and COVID-19 Incidence in People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Hamid Harandi, Esmaeil Mehraeen, Soudabeh Yarmohammadi, Mehrnaz Rasoulinejad, Muhammad Ali Rasheed, Zohal Parmoon, Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Fatemeh Afroughi, Omid Dadras","doi":"10.2174/011570162X300999240515091324","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X300999240515091324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People living with HIV (PLWH) are more susceptible to acquiring and having serious consequences from COVID-19. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between COVID-19 infection and other risk factors in these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a descriptive-analytical study recruiting 160 PLWH referred to the Behavioral Disease Counselling Centre of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in 2021. The patients were selected through convenient sampling. A checklist was used to collect the necessary data. Descriptive statistical tests, such as mean and standard deviation, were employed alongside inferential statistics, including chi-square, Fisher, independent t-tests, and logistic regression, all evaluated at a significance level of p<0.05 using the R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients' average age was 43.15 ± 11.23. Forty-four women and 116 men were present. A notable association was observed between the incidence of COVID-19 and variables such as hepatitis C and the duration of time since HIV diagnosis (p<0.001). Moreover, a strong correlation was found between the amount of COVID-19 vaccination doses given to patients and their probability of acquiring the disease. The first vaccination dose was linked to a 5.45 percent increase in COVID-19 incidence in patients, whereas the second and third doses (t=2.95, t=7.57) reduced the risk of getting COVID-19. Furthermore, no discernible link (p>0.05) was found between the use of various antiretroviral medications and COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study finds that vaccine type does not impact COVID-19 outcomes in HIV-positive patients, but receiving more doses decreases the probability of occurrence of COVID-19, advocating for multiple vaccinations. However, PLWH, especially those non-compliant with antiretrovirals, need strict adherence to health protocols due to heightened vulnerability to viral illnesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"195-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV Receiving Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural China.","authors":"Qiujia Kang, Wanqi Pan, Yanmin Ma, Dongli Wang, Huangchao Jia, Huijun Guo, Feng Sang, Liran Xu, Qianlei Xu, Yantao Jin","doi":"10.2174/011570162X280721240108065502","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X280721240108065502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) was introduced in Henan Province in 2009. The number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) starting this therapy is increasing.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the survival and factors affecting mortality among this group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who switched to second-line ART between May 1, 2010, and May 1, 2016, using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We followed 3,331 PLHIV for 26,988 person-years, of whom 508 (15.3%) died. The mortality rate was 1.88/100 person-years. After adjusting for confounding factors, we found being a woman (hazard ratio (HR), 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.79), > 50 years old (HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 2.03-3.56), single/widowed (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.04-1.52), having > 6 years of education (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65-0.94), Chinese medicine (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.52-0.96), liver injury (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.19-2.10), and CD4+ T cell count <200 cells/μl (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.47-2.55), or 200-350 cells/μl (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03-1.82) were associated with mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found lower mortality among PLHIV who switched to second-line ART than most previous studies. The limitations of a retrospective cohort may, therefore, have biased the data, and prospective studies are needed to confirm the results. Moreover, Chinese medicine combined with second-line ART shows potential as a treatment for HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"100-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Step Towards Optimization of Amide-Linked Coumarin Pharmacophore: As an Anti-HIV Agent.","authors":"Harish Chandra Joshi, Vikas Kumar, Priyank Purohit, Indra P Pandey, Gaurav Joshi","doi":"10.2174/011570162X308550240821074309","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X308550240821074309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present investigation is to identify effective anti-HIV drugs through the in-silico virtual screening of the coumarin pharmacophore with or without substituents. Virtual screening started with target identification through computation docking and interactions, binding affinity through molecular dynamics, and the ADMET profile through the use of various enzymes. The target study suggests that the target is involved in various stages of HIV replication and in determining the ways in which non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) influence it. The interaction pattern and simulation study conclude the specific affinity of coumarin pharmacophore to the HIV's reverse transcriptase enzyme, especially 3HVT. Moreover, the amide linkage worked as a synergistic bridge to provide more interaction to the pharmacophore. The initial results led to the determination of 83 virtual amide-like molecules, which were screened through docking and MD studies (100 ns) on the best-suited enzyme HIV's reverse transcriptase enzyme, such as PDB ID \"3HVT\". The virtual screening study revealed the high affinity of compounds 7d and 7e with the lowest IC₅₀ values of 0.729 and 0.658 μM; moreover, their metabolism pattern study, toxicity, and QED values in a range of 0.31-0.40 support a good drug candidate. The two compounds were also synthesized and characterized for future <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies. The <i>in silico</i>-based descriptor of compounds 7d and 7e indicates the potential future and provides the best two molecules and their synthetic route for the development of a more effective drug to combat HIV/AIDS epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"279-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Risk Factors Associated With Poor Quality of Sleep in People Living with HIV and the Correlation between Quality of Sleep and Cd4+ T Lymphocyte Reconstitution: A Cross-Sectional Study from Turkey.","authors":"Ozge Eren Korkmaz, Figen Kaptan Aydoğmuş","doi":"10.2174/011570162X300844240507095129","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X300844240507095129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The prevalence of sleep disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH) is higher than in the general population. Even if viral suppression is achieved with Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), the chronic immune activation and increased inflammation due to immune reconstitution persist. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of poor quality of sleep (QoS) and associated risk factors in PLWH and to investigate the relationship between poor QoS and CD4 T lymphocyte count and CD4 reconstitution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PLWH ≥18 years old, attending for routine HIV monitoring were recruited. PLWH with conditions that may affect their QoS (pregnant, hospitalized, malignancy, substance-alcohol abuse, psychiatric disease or treatment, sleeping pill) were excluded. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, score ≥5 indicates poor QoS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, score ≥11 indicates daytime sleepiness), and Beck Depression Scale (BDS, score ≥10 indicates clinical depression) were applied. CD4+ T lymphocyte reconstitution (current-baseline CD4+ count) and CD4+ T lymphocyte reconstitution rate [(current-baseline CD4+ count)/duration of HIV infection in years] were calculated for PLWH on ART. Student t-test and Pearson's chi-squared test were used for analysing the data, and p<0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 131 (15 newly diagnosed, 116 on ART for at least six months) PLWH were enrolled. Poor QoS was detected in 60.3% of PLWH. When compared, the ratio was higher in newly diagnosed PLWH (vs PLWH on ART, p>0,05). Daytime sleepiness in PLWH with poor Qos (p=0.04) was significantly increased (vs good QoS). Clinical depression (p=0.001) was significantly more common in PLWH with poor QoS (vs good QoS). Although statistically nonsignificant (p>0,05), younger age, female sex, being single, homosexüel sexual preference, high income and living with the family were associated with poor QoS. No association was found between the ART regime and QoS. PLWH with poor QoS had a higher CD4+ T lymphocyte count (p>0,05), a higher number of CD4+ T lymphocyte reconstitution (p<0.05), and a higher reconstitution rate than PLWH with good QoS (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prevalence of poor QoS was high in our cohort. Poor QoS was associated with CD4+ T lymphocyte reconstitution and reconstitution rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"202-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140920670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endobronchial Tuberculosis in an HIV-positive Case.","authors":"Savaş Gegin, Burcu Özdemir, Özgür Günal, Şeyma Topal, Çiğdem Uzun, Levent Özdemir","doi":"10.2174/011570162X262663231214053029","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X262663231214053029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tuberculosis is an opportunist infection that is fatal and most frequently seen in HIV-positive patients due to immunosuppression. Endobronchial lesions can portray symptoms in different ways. Endobronchial Tuberculosis is one of these lesions.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>An HIV-positive, untreated 26-year-old patient with fever, cough, and dyspnea consulted our clinic. In the chest X-ray taken, effusion on the right side and non-homogeneous density increase in the middle and upper lobes, bilaterally more prominent on the right side, were observed. Therefore, the patient underwent bronchoscopy because the CT (computerized tomography) showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy (LAP) and an endobronchial lesion in the left main bronchus. During bronchoscopy, a vegetative endobronchial lesion that causes obstruction in the left main bronchus was monitored. With the help of Pathology and PCR results, endobronchial tuberculosis was diagnosed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even if Acid-alcohol-resistant Bacillus (ARB) is detected negative in patients who stop responding to antimicrobial treatment and are being monitored under radiological scanning, a distinctive diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis should be kept in mind while performing bronchoscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139566516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of Ten Anti-HIV Hit Compounds and Preliminary Pharmacological Mechanisms Studies","authors":"Yushan Lian, Zhimin Huang, Xinyi Liu, Zhicheng Deng, Dan Gao, Xiaohui Wang","doi":"10.2174/011570162X301289240320082840","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X301289240320082840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The research and development of HIV drugs is very important, but at the same time it is a long cycle and expensive system project. High-throughput drug screening systems and molecular libraries of potential hit compounds remain the main ways for the discovery of hit compounds with anti-HIV activity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to screen out the hit compounds against HIV-1 in the natural product molecule library and the antiviral molecule library, and elucidate the molecular mechanism of their inhibition of HIV-1, so as to provide a new choice for AIDS drug research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a drug screening system using HIV Rev-dependent indicator cell line (Rev-A3R5-GFP reporter cells) with pseudoviruses (pNL4-3) was used. The natural drug molecule library and antiviral molecule library were screened, and preliminary drug mechanism studies were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten promising hit compounds were screened. These ten molecules and their drug inhibitory IC50 were as follows: Cephaeline (0.50 μM), Yadanziolide A (8.82 μM), Bruceine D (2.48 μM), Astragaloside IV (4.30 μM), RX-3117 (1.32 μM), Harringtonine (0.63 μM), Tubercidin (0.41 μM), Theaflavine-3, 3'-digallate (0.41 μM), Ginkgetin (10.76 μM), ZK756326 (5.97 μM). The results of the Time of additions showed that except for Astragaloside IV and Theaflavine-3, 3'-digallate had a weak entry inhibition effect, and it was speculated that all ten compounds had an intracellular inhibition effect. Cephaeline, Harringtonine, Astragaloside IV, Bruceine D, and Tubercidin may have pre-reverse transcriptional inhibition. Yadanziolide A, Theaflavine-3, 3'-digallate, Ginkgetin and RX-3117 may be in the post-reverse transcriptional inhibition. The inhibitory effect of ZK 75632 may be in the reverse transcriptional process.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A drug screening system using Rev-A3R5-GFP reporter cells with pseudoviruses (pNL4-3) is highly efficient. This study provided potential hit compounds for new HIV drug research.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pill Burden: A Major Barrier to HAART Adherence and Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCS) as its Solution - A Mini-Review.","authors":"Mugisa Simon, Ssebaduka Derrick, Sreya Kosanam, Rajeshwari Pasupula","doi":"10.2174/011570162X307740240604115154","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X307740240604115154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV/ AIDS is a global pandemic, one of the most challenging; with no cure for the disease, various therapies available in the form of regimens as Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) or simply Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) are the only way to manage the disease. The Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) concept has been a well-recognised improvement in pharmacotherapy for the treatment of a variety of chronic maladies like hypertension, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and several FDC products consisting of HIV drugs are approved. These single-tablet regimens have been essential in streamlining ART, lowering pill burden and increasing adherence. Adherence to HAART is the most vital factor to ensure medication success and virologic suppression. However, adherence is faced with several barriers including adverse effects of drugs, the complexity of ART, social-cultural factors, and pill burden among others. This writing reviews the concept of adherence to ART, and its barriers while stressing pill burden as a significant one which we suggest would be solved by using Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs).</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"143-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}