Current HIV Research最新文献

{"title":"Virological Failure And HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Indian Adults and Adolescents on Protease Inhibitor Based Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy: A Five-year Follow-up Study.","authors":"Sumit Arora, Kuldeep Ashta, Nishant Raman, Charu Mohan, N Kisenjang, Vikram Sharma, Anirudh Anilkumar","doi":"10.2174/011570162X344689250331081024","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X344689250331081024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the changing HIV treatment landscape, the focus shifts to persons living with HIV (PLH) experiencing virological non-suppression on second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). This includes understanding viral genetic profiles, antiretroviral susceptibility, and the effectiveness of protease inhibitors (PIs) amid evolving dolutegravir-based regimen recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, PLH with first-line ART failure transitioned to second-line ART (dual NRTI + ritonavir-boosted PI) between September 2015 and October 2018. Eligible patients were ≥ 13 years old, with ≥ 9 months on first-line ART, and confirmed adherence at firstline regimen failure. Conducted at a Northern Indian tertiary hospital, this 5 year follow-up examined virological outcomes and drug resistance. Follow-up included initial viral-load (VL) and CD4 testing at 6-months, subsequent VL testing every 6-12 months, clinical evaluations, and infection screenings. Data on demographics, treatment history, virological-failure (VF), and drug-resistance testing (DRT) (Viroseq HIV-1 genotyping-system) were analysed using Kaplan-Meier and Competing-risk analysis, with appropriate censoring and imputation for events like death, transfer-out, treatment discontinuation/ interruption, loss to follow-up (LTFU), or ART-regimen change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>219 PLH shifted to ritonavir-boosted PI based second-line ART after 68 (median) months (IQR: 68) of first-line ART exposure and were followed up for 57 (median) months (IQR: 48), totalling 11,548 person-months (PM) of follow-up. Virological outcomes were assessed in 201 PLH. VF cumulative-incidence (Kaplan-Meier-analysis) ranged from 6.9% at 36 months to 15.9% at 60 months. Imputation scenarios showed a potential range, with worst-case incidences of 16.2% at 36 months and 29.4% at 60 months. Cumulative-incidence function (CIF) of VF (Competing-risk-analysis) ranged from 6.5% at 36 months to 12.7% at 60 months. Among 171 PLH with complete VL data, VF incidence was 2.7 per 1000 PM (n=29), with 94.7% achieving nadir VL <1000 cp/mL. VF with PI-mutation (VF-M) analysis, including LTFU patients (n=183), showed CIF for VFM of 2.3% at 36 months and 4.9% at 60 months. DRT (n=23-sequences) revealed 17.4% lopinavir resistance, 34.8% atazanvir resistance, and darunavir (DRV) cross-resistance in three sequences. Overall, 26.1% had no significant drug-resistance mutations, 39.1% had NNRTI resistance, but no PI DRMs, and only 34.8% (of 23-PLH who underwent DRT) potentially required third-line ART.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This 5-year longitudinal study highlights the resilience of PIs in second-line ART. The incidence of VF with PI-resistance was notably low, indicating the ongoing effectiveness of PIs in managing PLH on second-line ART and the possibility of recycling PIs in subsequent ART regimens for these patients. Cross-resistance to DRV patients highlights th","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"133-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to Language Interpretation Services at Health Care Facilities Providing Care to Adults Diagnosed with HIV in the United States, 2019.","authors":"Mabel Padilla, Linda Beer, Ruth E Luna-Gierke, Tracy Tie, Jen-Feng Lu, John Weiser","doi":"10.2174/011570162X362664250527051957","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X362664250527051957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People with limited English proficiency (LEP) experience barriers to healthcare access and optimal outcomes. Language interpretation services can facilitate clear communication- which is key to effective HIV care and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed weighted data from the 2019 cycle of the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP), a cross-sectional, complex sample survey of U.S. adults with diagnosed HIV, and data from the 2021 MMP Facility Survey, a survey of facilities providing care to 2019 MMP respondents. We estimated the percentage of people with HIV (PWH) with LEP who received care at facilities offering language interpretation services and facilities providing language interpretation services, overall and by selected characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 89.9% of PWH with LEP received care at a facility with language interpretation services, and 83.6% of facilities provided language interpretation services. PWH with LEP who were unemployed were less likely than those who were employed to receive care at a facility with language interpretation services. Facilities that were Federally Qualified Health Centers, were not private practices, received Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program funding, and accepted public health care coverage were more likely to provide language interpretation services than facilities without these characteristics.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Most PWH with LEP obtained HIV care at health care facilities providing language interpretation services, a positive finding as language is a common barrier to accessing care for people with LEP. Most facilities also provided language interpretation services, an important step towards ensuring meaningful access for people with LEP, as required by law.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that most HIV care facilities are providing access to language services to PWH with LEP in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"203-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12402997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Total Lymphocyte Count, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Status, and Tuberculosis Lesions on Chest X-ray: Can TLC Be an Alternative to CD4?","authors":"Vicky Septian Ariska, Netty Delvrita Lubis, Tambar Kembaren","doi":"10.2174/011570162X330293250206093453","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X330293250206093453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often becomes a comorbidity in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV-positive individuals have a 30- fold higher risk of contracting TB compared to non-HIV individuals. Assessment of HIV-TB disease progression commonly relies on measuring CD4 cell counts. However, in areas with limited access, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC) ≤ 1200 cells/μL as an alternative. Additionally, chest X-rays, a widely accessible radiological method, aid in diagnosing TB in HIV-positive patients, complementing TLC in assessing disease progression in limited facilities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in the location and characteristics of TB lesions based on HIV status and TLC levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted at Adam Malik Central Hospital on pulmonary TB patients from December 2021 to December 2022, meeting inclusion criteria. Evaluation of TB lesion locations and characteristics was performed by two researchers, while HIV status and TLC data were extracted from medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study involved 154 subjects, including 77 HIV-positive and 77 non-HIV individuals. The percentage of male participants was 81.8%, with a mean age of 43.4 ± 14.4 years. The significant differences in the characteristics and locations of lesions (cavities, miliary lesions, fibrosis, atelectasis, and upper and lower lung) were revealed in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Similarly, significant differences in the characteristics and locations of lesions (cavities, miliary lesions, fibrosis, atelectasis, and upper and lower lung) were revealed in a patient with TLC ≤ 1200 and TLC > 1200.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights significant differences in the characteristics and locations of tuberculosis lesions about HIV status and total lymphocyte count levels among pulmonary TB patients. HIV-positive individuals exhibited distinct patterns of TB lesions compared to their HIV-negative counterparts, indicating the impact of HIV on TB disease progression. Furthermore, variations in lesion characteristics were also observed based on TLC levels, with notable differences between patients with TLC ≤ 1200 cells/μL and those with TLC > 1200 cells/μL. These findings underscore the importance of considering both HIV status and TLC in the assessment and management of TB in affected individuals. TLC can serve as an alternative to CD4 measurement in situations where access to CD4 testing is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in People Living with HIV-1.","authors":"Fatma Nur Karatas, Caglayan Keklikkiran, Yusuf Yilmaz, Pinar Ay, Volkan Korten, Uluhan Sili","doi":"10.2174/011570162X340918250312040500","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X340918250312040500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevents disease progression in people living with HIV. Due to the increasing age of people living with HIV, the detection and management of comorbidities has become more important.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we aimed to detect the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated risk factors among people living with HIV followed up in our center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, cross-sectional study included people living with HIV, on ART for ≥1 year and virologic suppression for ≥6 months, presenting for routine follow-up between October 1, 2021, and April 1, 2022. Participants with a concurrent etiology for hepatic steatosis were excluded. Transient elastography (TE) was performed. NAFLD was defined as a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ≥248 dB/m; significant fibrosis (≥F2) was defined as liver stiffness measurement ≥7.1 kPa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 102 people living with HIV (84% men; median age, 39 years (IQR 33-52.5)) were enrolled. The treatment regimen of all participants included a nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an integrase strand transfer inhibitor. TE analysis indicated NAFLD in 28 (27.5%) and fibrosis in 9 (8.8%; 6 with NAFLD) participants. In multivariable analysis, type two diabetes (OR:5.7 (95% CI 1.4-22.2), p=0.013), larger waist circumference (OR:1.1 (95% CI 1.03-1.16), p=0.007), higher alanine aminotransferase (OR:1.05 (95% CI 1.01-1.09), p=0.018), and higher thyroid stimulating hormone (OR:3.1 (95% CI 1.4-6.8), p=0.005) were independently associated with NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed a significant prevalence of NAFLD among people living with HIV followed up in our center. The high prevalence of NAFLD in our sample mirrors that of the general population, likely due to rising rates of metabolic dysfunction. Our findings highlight the importance of timely screening and implementation of management strategies for NAFLD in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"121-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Electrochemical Sensors in Enhancing HIV Detection.","authors":"Xingxing Li, Jiangwei Zhu, Li Fu","doi":"10.2174/011570162X363311250206045837","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X363311250206045837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating rapid, sensitive, and accessible diagnostic tools. We examined recent advancements in electrochemical sensors for HIV gene detection, focusing on various sensing strategies, nanomaterial integration, and novel platform designs. Electrochemical sensors have demonstrated remarkable progress in HIV detection, offering high sensitivity and specificity. DNA/RNA-based sensors, aptamer approaches, and nanostructured platforms have detection limits as low as attomolar concentrations. Innovative signal amplification techniques, such as branched DNA amplification and toehold strand displacement reactions, have further enhanced sensitivity. Multiplexed detection systems enable simultaneous quantification of multiple HIV targets and related biomarkers. Integration of microfluidic technologies has improved sample processing and detection efficiency. Paper-based sensors show promise for low-cost, disposable testing platforms suitable for resource-limited settings. While challenges remain in terms of selectivity in complex biological samples and point-of-care applicability, electrochemical sensors hold great potential for revolutionizing HIV diagnostics. Future developments in recognition elements, artificial intelligence integration, and combined sensing modalities are expected to address current limitations and expand the capabilities of these sensors, ultimately contributing to improved HIV management and epidemic control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"2-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a Novel HIV-1 Recombinant Form Comprising CRF01_AE and Subtype C in Hebei Province, China.","authors":"Yapeng Guan, Jun Wang, Xinli Lu","doi":"10.2174/011570162X369438250131065639","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X369438250131065639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE and subtype C are two HIV-1 subtypes. In recent years, novel HIV-1 recombinant forms have become more and more prevalent in China; however, new HIV-1 CRF01_AE/C recombinant forms are less prevalent nationwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our study aimed to investigate new recombinant forms between different HIV-1 subtypes and evaluate their transmission risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hebei, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The near full-length genome (NFLG) of HIV-1 was identified using the analyses of the phylogenetic tree and gene breakpoints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present work, we have reported a novel HIV-1 recombinant form composed of CRF01_AE and subtype C. The NFLG of this CRF01_AE/C form contained eight gene subregions, with four subtype C gene segments inserted into the CRF01_AE backbone, consisting of I CRF01_AE (790-1,171 nt), Ⅱ subtype C (1,172-1,840 nt), Ⅲ CRF01_AE (1,841-5,089 nt), Ⅳ subtype C (5,090-5,666 nt), Ⅴ CRF01_AE (5,667-6,317 nt), Ⅵ subtype C (6,318-8,586 nt), Ⅶ CRF01_AE (8,587-9,246 nt), and Ⅷ subtype C (9,247-9,409 nt). This new recombinant form was identified as CRF140_0107.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggested that it is important to monitor HIV-1 diversity to reduce HIV- 1 transmission in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoinformatics Analysis of Potent Therapeutic Formulations for the Development of HIV-1 Nef^mut-Carrying Engineered Exosomes.","authors":"Parisa Moradi Pordanjani, Azam Bolhassani, Fatemeh Heidarnejad, Elnaz Agi","doi":"10.2174/011570162X361821250512115612","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X361821250512115612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The concept of designer exosomes involves developing engineered exosomes to overcome the limitations of natural exosomes in targeted drug delivery and vaccine development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the multiepitope constructs were designed based on immunogenic regions of mutant Nef protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1 Nef^mut) that were prone to high Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs), such as palmitoylation and myristoylation. These constructs with high scores in PTMs were selected for interactions with molecules involved in exosome biogenesis, anchoring of a protein in membranes, and enzymes involved in PTMs (e.g., the mutant enzyme ZDHHC21 p.T209S). Moreover, the selected multiepitope construct with the highest PTM score and stable linkage with these molecules was fused to the first exon of the HIV- 1 Tat protein as an antigen candidate, and to GFP as a tracking tool for evaluating their effects on the PTM scores and affinity binding with various molecules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data demonstrated that the multiepitope construct No.13 had better scores for incorporation into exosomes compared to the whole sequences of Nef^mut and wild-type Nef protein (Nef^wt). Furthermore, the linkage of Tat protein to construct No. 13 did not hinder its loading in exosomes compared to GFP, suggesting the use of this construct in vaccine development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The multiepitope construct No.13 harboring potent Nef^mut epitopes can be applied for linkage with other viral antigens, enhancing their delivery into exosomes for therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"180-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Providers' Perspectives on Same-Day Antiretroviral Initiation in Ethiopian Healthcare Facilities.","authors":"Kidanu Hurisa Chachu, Kefiloe Adolphina Maboe","doi":"10.2174/011570162X354534250414010350","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X354534250414010350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The concept of same-day antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation entails initiating HIV treatment promptly upon diagnosis, ideally during the initial clinic visit or even on the same day as diagnosis. This study explores the factors leading to patient loss to follow-up after same-day ART initiation and the benefits and challenges associated with this approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative research design was employed to investigate healthcare providers' perspectives regarding same-day ART initiation and its contribution to patient loss to follow-up following same-day ART initiation, benefits, and challenges. It is a qualitative study conducted in the form of in-depth cell phone interviews with physicians and nurses who are providing ART services within healthcare facilities in Ethiopia. Data collection was conducted from April 30, 2021, to March 22, 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that same-day ART initiation offers both advantages and drawbacks. Findings show benefits such as shifts in perceptions and attitudes towards HIV, reduced transmission rates, enhanced service utilization, and viral suppression. However, disadvantages included its inappropriateness for critically ill patients' refusal to accept results and suboptimal adherence, leading to increased risk of patient loss to follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Same-day ART initiation presents a dual nature, offering immediate benefits in HIV management and transmission reduction, yet facing challenges regarding suitability for critically ill patients and adherence issues. The authors recommend addressing factors such as patient education, stigma reduction, and tailored interventions, which are crucial in optimizing the effectiveness of this approach and minimizing patient loss to follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"169-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the COVID-19 Treatment Landscape: Efficacy and Side-Effects of Current Therapies against SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Sachin Parwani, Shobha Upreti, Chandan Kumar Mishra, Ashutosh Tripathi, Surajit Chakraborty, Sameer Tiwari","doi":"10.2174/011570162X338375250414114957","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X338375250414114957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Designated as an epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020, the virus quickly escalated to a global emergency, officially declared a pandemic in March 2020. With over 6 million recorded deaths and more than 200 identified symptoms in diverse individuals, the impact of COVID-19 is substantial. COVID-19 poses a greater risk to individuals with advanced HIV, while those with well-managed HIV are not at increased risk. Although COVID-19 vaccines are generally effective for people with HIV, some may experience reduced vaccine effectiveness and breakthrough infections due to suboptimal immune responses. Long COVID, affecting at least 65 million individuals, adds a layer of complexity. The virus's rapid mutation has led to diverse symptomatology, prompting adjustments in treatment guidelines. This review comprehensively examines repurposed antiviral drug candidates against COVID-19, explores immune responses across different age groups, delves into the mechanisms of COVID-19 vaccines, and discusses potential immunosuppressants. Additionally, the focus extends to Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG), steroids, and anti-cytokine therapy as promising avenues to address cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a critical condition in COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"145-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge and Concern of People Living with HIV Regarding Human Mpox and Vaccination","authors":"Deniz Borcak, Yusuf Emre Özdemir, Yeşilyurt Zuhal, Esra Ensaroğlu, Samiha Akkaya, Kadriye Kart Yaşar","doi":"10.2174/011570162x293673240427062123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162x293673240427062123","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mpox virus is an orthopoxvirus that causes the zoonotic infectious disease known as mpox. The disease can also spread from humans to humans. It can be transmitted through contact with bodily fluids, lesions on the skin, or internal mucosal surfaces. Method: The number of mpox cases increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early diagnosis and prompt management of mpox are critical in people living with HIV (PLHIV). In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among PLHIV followed at the outpatient clinic between 20 April–20 August 2023. A questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and anxiety levels of patients as well as their opinions about vaccination against mpox. The severity of symptoms in the past two weeks was assessed using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale. A total of 203 PLHIV were interviewed for this survey study. Result: The mean age was 39.37±11.93. The majority of them were male (86.7%), and 41.4% were men who have sex with men (MSM). Only 21 of the surveyed participants (10.4%) had a “good knowledge” score about mpox. The mean knowledge score on human Mpox was 2.05 (min:0-max:8), and 107 (52.7%) had a score of 0. Conclusion: The future study should focus on continuous education, promoting awareness through programs and establishing measures to successfully overcome identified variables that contribute to mpox pandemic understanding and attitudes. Applying the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic will help the management of mpox virus.","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}