Current HIV Research最新文献

{"title":"Attributes Associated with HIV Risk Behaviors in a Network-Based Study of People Who Inject Drugs.","authors":"Valerie Ryan, TingFang Lee, Daniele Piovani, Natallia Katenka, Samuel R Friedman, Stefanos Bonovas, Ashley Buchanan, Georgios Nikolopoulos","doi":"10.2174/011570162X372589250714061837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X372589250714061837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People who inject drugs (PWID) are often part of sexual and drug use networks. Engaging in unprotected sex or sharing drug injection equipment, which could occur between connections (ties) in these networks, is known to increase HIV transmission risk. This study aimed to identify attributes associated with network connections between PWID and their contacts during an HIV outbreak in Athens, Greece (2013-2015).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP) were used. TRIP was a network-based intervention using information on recent HIV acquisition to reduce onward viral transmission among PWID. Descriptive network and individual-level statistics were calcu-lated. Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) were used to assess associations between in-dividual-level attributes and the likelihood of people having a risk tie (for instance, using drugs together) among PWID.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The network consisted of 356 participants (i.e., known as nodes in network terminology) and 542 connections (i.e., known as edges). TRIP participants had a mean age of 36 (8) years, and most were males (79%). A substantial proportion of participants were homeless (23%). Each participant was connected on average with three others (i.e., known as degree). Degree assorta-tivity was positive, indicating that participants were more likely to connect with people of similar degree. ERGMs showed that TRIP participants were more likely to have a connection with others like them in possibly important ways (e.g., were of the same sex and nationality, and had similar living conditions, such as being homeless).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This network analysis, including the use of ERGMs, indicated that individuals in networks of PWID tend to form ties with similar others, beyond what would be expected by chance alone. Limitations of the analysis include potentially reduced generalizability and repre-sentativeness due to the local context of the study, and diminished statistical power. Future re-search should prioritize longitudinal studies among PWID to examine how network connections evolve over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The analysis identified factors, such as housing instability, that are important in de-termining the observed network ties among PWID in Athens, Greece. Future development of interventions should consider these factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating Innovation: Advancing Opportunities in HIV Vaccine Development.","authors":"Carlos A Diazgranados, Thandi Onami, Pervin Anklesaria","doi":"10.2174/011570162X364991250710044947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X364991250710044947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review outlines the Gates Foundation's investments in support of global efforts dedicated to the research and development of a safe, highly effective, prophylactic HIV vaccine. Our current Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) portfolio encompasses a wide range of initiatives, including projects aimed at eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies, enhanc-ing CD8 T cell responses, and, through central service facilities, developing innovative analytical tools and animal models to assess immune responses. One central service facility also offers prod-uct development services to translate preclinical findings into clinical trials. Additionally, we are investing in platforms designed for the controlled release of HIV immunogens, simplifying com-plex vaccine regimens. Our ultimate objective is to develop a highly efficacious, safe, and durable vaccine that ensures broad access, uptake, and affordability. Furthermore, we emphasize the crit-ical importance of fostering global partnerships, with a focus on supporting research capacity in low- and middle-income countries. By making intentional investments, we aim to stimulate sus-tainable research and development in the regions most affected by the HIV epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling an Immunological Mystery: Deciphering the Durability Divide in Vaccine-Elicited Antibody Responses.","authors":"George K Lewis, Stanca Ciupe, Mohammad Sajadi","doi":"10.2174/011570162X366336250707084941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X366336250707084941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving durable antibody-mediated protection remains critical in vaccine develop-ment, particularly for viral diseases like COVID-19 and HIV. We discuss factors influencing an-tibody durability, highlighting the role of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) in the bone marrow, which are essential for sustained antibody production over many years. The frequencies and prop-erties of bone marrow LLPC are critical determinants of the broad spectrum of antibody durability for different vaccines. Vaccines for diseases like measles and mumps elicit long-lasting antibod-ies; those for COVID-19 and HIV do not. High epitope densities in the vaccine are known to favor antibody durability, but we discuss three underappreciated variables that also play a role in long-lived antibody responses. First, in addition to high epitope densities, we discuss the im-portance of CD21 as a critical determinant of antibody durability. CD21 is a B cell antigen recep-tor (BCR) complex component. It significantly affects BCR signaling strength in a way essential for generating LLPC in the bone marrow. Second, all antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are not cre-ated equal. There is a four-log range of antibody secretion rates, and we propose epigenetic im-printing of different rates on ASC, including LLPC, as a factor in antibody durability. Third, antibody durability afforded by bone marrow LLPC is independent of continuous antigenic stim-ulation. By contrast, tissue-resident T-bet+CD21low ASC also persists in secondary lymphoid tissues and continuously produces antibodies depending on persisting antigen and the tissue mi-croenvironment. We discuss these variables in the context of making an HIV vaccine that elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV that persist at protective levels without continuous vaccination over many years.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii Coinfection in HIV-Positive Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"Muhammed Furkan Kürkçü, Ayfer Bakır, Semiha Berra Topsakal Kaba, İlknur Alkan Kuşabbi, Selma Usluca","doi":"10.2174/011570162X392027250704053346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X392027250704053346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) can cause serious complications in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. This study aims to assess the seroprevalence of T. gondii among HIV-positive individuals and to investigate its association with age, sex, CD4+ T cell count, HIV RNA levels, and hematological parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 247 HIV-positive individuals followed up at a tertiary care hospital between November 1, 2022, and November 30, 2024. We analyzed serum samples for T. gondii IgG antibodies using electrochemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of T. gondii IgG seropositivity was found to be 32.8% (n=81; 95% CI: 26.9-39). The median age of seropositive individuals was 52 years (IQR: 42-61), which was significantly higher compared to seronegative individuals (p<0.001). The highest IgG seropositivity rate (66.7%) was observed in the 61-80 age group. Hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in IgG seropositive individuals (p=0.040). Logistic regression analysis indicated an increased risk of T. gondii infection with advancing age. The odds ratio for the 41-60 age group was 13.3 (95% CI: 1.6-106, p=0.02), while for the 61-80 age group, it was 28 (95% CI: 3.3-240, p=0.002).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The seroprevalence of T. gondii in HIV-positive individuals was lower than both global and regional averages. Age was identified as an independent risk factor for T. gondii seropositivity. Additionally, hematological alterations associated with anemia were observed in seropositive individuals. Further large-scale, multi-center, and regionally representative studies are required to optimize T. gondii infection management and screening strategies in people living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that T. gondii infection in HIV-positive individuals increases with age and may be associated with anemia, highlighting the need for age-focused screening and management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Single-Cell Sequencing Techniques for B-Cell Analysis and Their Implications for Rational HIV-1 Vaccine Design.","authors":"Denise Guerra, Laura T M Graus, Tim Beaumont, Mathieu Claireaux, Marit J van Gils","doi":"10.2174/011570162X362655250620115404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X362655250620115404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of single-cell analysis to investigate immune cell diversity has historically been considered a complex task. Recently, innovative techniques have emerged revolutionizing the way immune cells can be explored, offering unprecedented insights into the dynamics of this complex system. In particular, novel approaches have enabled a detailed characterization of B-cell responses, encompassing immune repertoire, gene expression, and phenotype analysis at an individual cell level. By analyzing single B-cells, researchers can unravel their heterogeneity, trace clonal evolution, and track immune responses during infections and vaccinations over time, gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying antibody secretion and immune memory formation. This knowledge can inform the development of optimal immunogens, adjuvants, and vaccine platforms, which are crucial for inducing robust, long-lasting protective responses and overcoming existing challenges in vaccine research. This is particularly valuable for rational vaccine design against certain pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus [HIV-1], for which a successful vaccine remains to be developed due to the need to elicit rare broadly neutralizing antibodies that target conserved epitopes on the genetically diverse envelope glycoprotein trimer. This review will highlight the latest advancements in single-cell sequencing techniques and bioinformatic tools for the analysis of B-cell responses in the context of infectious diseases and vaccinations. Single-cell sequencing techniques, their applications, and their pivotal role in advancing the design of next-generation vaccines, especially in the context of HIV-1, will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained Delivery of Dolutegravir Sodium for Better Management of HIV/AIDS via Solid Lipid Nanoparticles.","authors":"Mohit Singh, Pawan Kedar, Abhishek Kanugo, Amit Bukkawar","doi":"10.2174/011570162X369356250613053801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X369356250613053801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a primary health concern that leads to Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with more than 39.9 million people living with HIV globally. Dolutegravir sodium is a lipophilic compound with a log P value of 2.2. The current research aimed at augmenting the solubility, dissolution, and therapeutic benefits of Dolutegravir sodium through Solid lipid nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of Dolutegravir sodium were developed using high-speed homogenization and probe sonication methods. The solid lipid and surfactant were scrutinized for the development of SLN. The optimization of SLN was established using the Box-Behnken design model. The effects of lipid, surfactant, and homogenization speed on particle size and entrapment efficiency were evaluated. The colloidal dispersion was lyophilized, and accelerated stability was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the interactions between the drug excipients. The thermal behavior and crystalline nature were checked with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Among the several tested solid lipids, the highest solubility was observed in glyceryl monostearate (GMS). The colloidal dispersion was stabilized by the Tween 20.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Accordingly, the Box-Behnken design model and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model were applied. The p-values for the particle size and entrapment efficiency were 0.0050 and 0.0010, respectively. The optimized batch D5 showed a particle size of 189 nm, zeta potential (ZP) of -24.6 mV, entrapment efficiency of 85.94 %, and drug release of 87.02%. The optimized batch D5 was further lyophilized and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which confirmed the nanoscale range for SLN of Dolutegravir sodium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant enhancement in solubility and dissolution was achieved with the solid lipid nanoparticles. The sustained delivery of 24 hours reduces the dosage frequency and minimizes the viral load for the effective therapy of HIV, thereby improving patients' comfort and compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic Diversity and Pre-Treatment Resistance Characteristic Analysis Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-1-Positive MSM from 2020-2022 in Jiaxing City, China.","authors":"Xiaofei Zhang, Ganglin Ren, Zhijian Ge, Shencong Lv, Ping Li, Yin Song, Miaomiao Jia, Yamei Zhou, Yong Yan, Guoying Zhu","doi":"10.2174/011570162X373907250607024902","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X373907250607024902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the first recorded HIV-1 infection in 1998, Jiaxing City has seen increasing HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM), necessitating targeted research to understand HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance patterns to improve prevention and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to assess the variety of HIV-1 subtypes, the pre-treatment drug re-sistance (PDR) among MSM in Jiaxing, China, and transmission dynamics of drug-resistant strains. The findings may contribute to the development of targeted HIV prevention and control strategies for the MSM population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma samples from all newly reported cases of HIV-1 transmitted through male-to-male sexual contact in Jiaxing City from 2020 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Demo-graphic and epidemiological data were collected. Partial pol gene regions were amplified, se-quenced, and analyzed for drug resistance mutations (DRMs) using the Stanford HIV Drug Re-sistance Database. The Calibrated Population Resistance (CPR) program was utilised to identify Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutation (SDRM). A molecular transmission network was con-structed to investigate the scale of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We obtained a total of 298 eligible genetic sequences, revealing a diverse distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, with CRF07_BC, CRF01_AE, and CRF55_01B as the most prevalent. Pretreat-ment DRMs were detected in 91 cases (30.5%), yielding an overall PDR prevalence of 11.0%. Resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) was most frequent (5.4% each). TDR prevalence reached 7.0%, showing an increasing trend (2020-2022). The molecular network analysis indicated sporadic dissemination of drug-resistant cases rather than large-scale transmission chains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The convergence of high HIV-1 subtype diversity, elevated PDR prevalence, rising TDR rates, and sporadic resistant strain transmission within MSM networks necessitates the sus-tained resistance surveillance and precision public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Brain Volume and Cortical Thickness in People with HIV and Major Depressive Disorder.","authors":"Kadir Aşçıbaşı, Sabri Atalay, Hazal Albayrak Uçak, Birce Begüm Burhanoğlu","doi":"10.2174/011570162X378166250605034405","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X378166250605034405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to examine neuroanatomical differences associated with depressive symptoms in people with HIV (PWH) by comparing three groups: depressed PWH (PWH Dep+), non-depressed PWH (PWH Dep-), and HIV-negative controls. The primary goal is to explore specific alterations in brain volume and cortical thickness linked to depressive symp-tomatology in PWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 61 male participants (28 PWH, 33 controls) underwent psychiatric evaluation and high-resolution structural MRI scanning. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and cortical thickness analyses were conducted, with age and education considered as covariates. Participants were classified into PWH Dep+ and PWH Dep- based on depression scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PWH Dep+ group exhibited increased gray matter volume in the left anterior cin-gulate cortex and decreased cortical thickness in the left frontal pole compared to controls. In contrast, PWH Dep- participants showed increased cortical thickness in the bilateral postcentral gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus. Additionally, volume reductions in the middle occipital and middle temporal gyri distinguished PWH Dep+ from PWH Dep-.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Depression in PWH is associated with structural brain changes, particularly in frontal and occipital regions. Although causality cannot be inferred due to the cross-sectional design, these results may enhance our understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms un-derlying depression in PWH. The findings should be interpreted with caution, given the relatively small sample size and the exclusion of female participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical Management of People Living with HIV: A Retrospective Study of 246 Patients at a Single Center.","authors":"Selva Ala Selek, Aysun Benli, Seniha Başaran, Arif Atahan Çağatay, Halit Özsüt","doi":"10.2174/011570162X360947250605052248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X360947250605052248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of non-COVID-19 patients due to the burden on the healthcare system. This may lead to missed early diagnosis opportunities in people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment processes of PLWH, and the frequency of opportunistic infections (OIs), AIDS-defining malignancies (ADMs), and late diagnosis (LD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. Individuals over the age of 18 years who were newly diagnosed with HIV infection in our hospital between 2018 and 2023 were included in the study. In this study, 246 PLWH were identified. During the pandemic period, the mean age of PLWH was lower (p=0.025), the use of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) + protease inhibitor (PI/r) decreased (p=0.026) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence was higher (p=0.015). LD (48.8% vs. 47.5%) was similar for the two periods, OIs rate (22.6% vs. 18.5%) was lower and ADMs rate (4.8% vs. 6.2%) was higher in the pandemic period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the quarantine period, OIs rate (p=0.008) and hospitalization (p=0.002) decreased significantly. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, there was a decrease in primary school graduates (p=0.043) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) category C applicants (p=0.029) and an increase in university graduates (p=0.027) in the quarantine period. After the quarantine period, there was an increase in hospitalization (p=0.002), CDC category C admissions (p=0.021) and ART adherence (p=0.016). Other data were similar for the three periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, while the COVID-19 pandemic led to notable changes in patients' characteristics and HIV-related clinical characteristics and treatment, the incidence of LD, OIs and ADMs did not increase significantly. Continued monitoring and adaptation of healthcare services are crucial to managing PLWH effectively in the context of global health crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germline-targeting Strategies to Induce bNAbs against HIV-1.","authors":"Tugba Atabey, Rogier W Sanders, Yoann Aldon","doi":"10.2174/011570162X365229250527111140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X365229250527111140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine remains a critical global health challenge, hin-dered by the virus's high genetic diversity, immune evasion strategies, and structural complexity of its Envelope (Env) glycoprotein. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), capable of targeting conserved Env epitopes, offer a promising path for vaccine design. Germline-targeting (GT) strat-egies have emerged as a promising approach to engage naive B cell precursors that have the po-tential to mature into bNAb-producing cells. Advances in GT have enabled the design of immu-nogens capable of recruiting specific bNAb precursors in animal models and early clinical trials. Despite these successes, achieving neutralization breadth requires sequential immunizations with tailored boosting strategies to guide B cell maturation. Studies underscore the importance of using immunogens that mimic native Env structures while modulating glycosylation patterns to focus immune responses. Emerging approaches, such as membrane-bound presentation and mRNA de-livery, hold the potential for enhancing immunogen effectiveness and rapid pre-clinical and in human screening to identify combinations of immunogens that foster bNAb lineages. This review seeks to synthesize key developments in GT strategies for HIV-1 vaccines, highlighting the de-sign and implementation of immunogens that drive bNAb precursor maturation. It aims to under-score the importance of integrating structural insights, immunogen sequence design, and delivery methods to enhance the induction of bNAbs, offering direction for future research to address ex-isting gaps and optimize vaccine efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}