Current HIV Research最新文献

{"title":"Current Approaches for Assessments of Neutralizing, Binding, and Effector Functions of Antibodies on the Path to Antibody-Mediated Prevention Strategies for HIV-1.","authors":"David C Montefiori, Guido Ferrari, Dieter Mielke, LaTonya D Williams, Georgia D Tomaras","doi":"10.2174/011570162X363301250314034023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X363301250314034023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robust assay technologies and reference reagents are essential components in efforts to develop safe and effective antibody-mediated prevention strategies for HIV-1. Here, we de-scribe current approaches used to conduct standardized assessments of neutralizing, binding, and Fc receptor-mediated effector functions of vaccine-elicited antibodies, with an emphasis on recent developments that enable early precursors and intermediates of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to be monitored. We also describe how these assay technologies were adapted to facili-tate clinical evaluations of passively delivered bnAbs for HIV-1 prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fc Functions and Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibodies: A Perspective.","authors":"Hillary A Vanderven, Stephen J Kent","doi":"10.2174/011570162X353682250314070148","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X353682250314070148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controversy exists around the relative merits of Fc functions in controlling or prevent-ing HIV-1 infection. Proponents point to general correlations of Fc functions with control of HIV, indicating that non-neutralizing antibodies could force immune escape, as observed in the early experiments with Fc mutants of the b12-neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Nay-sayers point to the primary role of neutralization in the control of HIV, the general failure of vaccine trials in-cluding antibodies with Fc functions, and the lack of additional benefit with newer broadly neu-tralizing monoclonal antibodies, such as PGT121. The truth may lie somewhere in between and there are lessons to be learned from the utility of Fc functions in other viral infections. In general, however, the additional benefit of Fc function over and above robust anti-HIV neutralizing anti-bodies may be modest. The intense primary research focus on delivering and inducing potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies, regardless of their Fc function potential, is justified.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Germline Targeting Vaccine Concept: Overview and Updates from HIV Pre-Clinical and Clinical Trials.","authors":"Leonidas Stamatatos","doi":"10.2174/011570162X358302250206074255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X358302250206074255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An effective HIV-1 vaccine should elicit diverse immune responses, including broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Such antibodies recognize regions of the viral envelope glyco-protein (Env) that are conserved among the diverse HIV-1 clades and strains. They are isolated from people living with HIV-1 to protect animals from experimental viral exposure and reduce HIV-1 acquisition in clinical settings. However, despite efforts spanning several decades, bNAbs have not been elicited through immunization. The HIV Env efficiently binds bNAbs, but not their unmutated (germline, gl) precursors. In contrast, Env readily engages the germline precursors of antibodies with no, or very narrow, cross-neutralizing activities (non-neutralizing antibodies, nnAbs). That, in part, explains why Env-based immunogens consistently elicit nnAbs, but not bNAbs. In the past decade, Env-derived proteins have been specifically designed to engage the germline precursors of diverse bNAbs. These 'germline-targeting' Env immunogens activate the corresponding naive B cells in vivo, but are unable to guide their proper maturation towards their broadly neutralizing forms. For this, immunizations with currently not well-defined heterologous Envs are required. Here, we discuss the development of germline-targeting Env immunogens, their in vivo evaluation, and the strategies currently under evaluation that aim to rapidly guide the mat-uration of germline-precursor BCRs into their broadly neutralizing forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of HPV Genotyping and Distribution in People Living with and Without HIV from Iran and the Middle East.","authors":"Faezeh Maleki, Mohammad Farahmand, Hossein Keyvani","doi":"10.2174/011570162X352564250112035117","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X352564250112035117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>In people living with human immune deficiency (PLHIV), the rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, mixed types, and high-risk (HR) strains increase, while the virus clearance does not occur. Here, we report HPV genotyping in PLHIVs from Iran and the Middle East region for the first time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HPV genotyping in referring individuals from different provinces to our laboratory was evaluated over 2023-2024. For this, the HPV types in specimens were detected through the INNO- LiPA HPV genotyping kit. Statistical analysis was conducted with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and P < 0.05. Accordingly, 481 subjects from various provinces participated in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of HPV infection was 45.7%, of which 14% were HIV-infected women referred from all provinces. The most prevalent types included 6, 51, and 18, but not 16 HR types. Mixed infections in dually infected women were significantly more than in HPV-infected ones. The HPV+/HIV+ subgroup had the lowest median age. The prevalence of HPV types and mixed infection in PLHIVs was congruent with the previous reports, except for the low rate of type 16 infection, perhaps due to the healthy nature of our subjects. Only HIV+/HPV+ cases' age was similar to the previous reports, perhaps because of sample collection and study designs. Among all factors, age and gender affected the HPV type distribution notably.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study corroborated the results of many prior reports, demonstrating the considerable impact of HIV status on HPV distribution. The authors recommend implementing a national HPV vaccination and more comprehensive reports of HPV genotyping in PLHIVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family Support and Depression among Adolescents Living with HIV in Northern Nigeria.","authors":"Aishatu I Umar, Abdulgafar L Olawumi, Tiri T Ogunyele, Hussaini Y Magaji, Abdullahi K Suleiman, Bukar A Grema, C William Wester, Muktar H Aliyu","doi":"10.2174/011570162X339247250205182104","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X339247250205182104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family support is an important component of family-oriented care and a vital element in the care of patients with chronic illnesses, including HIV/AIDS. We investigated the association between perceived family support and depression among adolescents living with HIV in northern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study on 125 adolescents (10-19 years of age) presenting for care at a large urban outpatient HIV clinic in Kano, Nigeria. We assessed family support utilizing the Perceived Social Support Family Scale (PSS-Fa) tool, and depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) tool. Logistic regression was done to determine the independent relationship between perceived family support and depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately half of the respondents were males (49.6%). The median age (±IQR) of the participants was 16 (± 4) years. The overall prevalence of depression was 56%. More than half (57.6%) of the respondents reported having strong family support. Depression was independently associated with no family support (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 3.85, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.10-13.43), weak family support (aOR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.04-9.63), and feelings of shame about their HIV status (aOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.76-15.35).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression is common among adolescents presenting for HIV care in northern Nigeria and is independently associated with perceived family support and feelings of shame regarding HIV diagnosis. Our findings support routine screening for depression among adolescents with HIV, coupled with the integration of family-oriented care and counseling into routine HIV services for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmenting Adherence: Improving Medication Compliance and Patient Education in Anti-Retroviral Therapy through Graphical Representation.","authors":"Neema Tulinge Nsolo, Oliva Heloden Nziku, Bhumika Kumar","doi":"10.2174/011570162X330392241127084502","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X330392241127084502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) is a fundamental principle in the management of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, significantly improving the quality of life for individuals living with the virus. However, the success of ART crucially depends on patient adherence to complex medication regimens that come with the therapy. Patients must meticulously adhere to their prescribed treatment plans to maintain viral suppression and prevent the progression of HIV. Medication adherence, a multifaceted challenge in healthcare, becomes particularly entangled within the realm of ART. Patients are often prescribed a combination of antiretroviral medications, each with unique dosing schedules and dietary requirements as instructed by the physician. For individuals with varying levels of health literacy, language proficiency, and cultural backgrounds, comprehending and adhering to these regimens can be overwhelming and challenging. Non-adherence to these medications can result in treatment failure, drug resistance, and compromised health outcomes that burden the healthcare systems. In that perspective, the role of pictograms as visual aids emerges as part and parcel of patient education and counseling within healthcare systems. Pictograms are graphical representations of concepts or actions designed to transcend linguistic and literacy barriers. When used in conjunction with ART, they simplify complex medication instructions, empower patients with knowledge, and improve adherence. Generally, the role of pictograms in supporting medication adherence and patient counseling in antiretroviral therapy is a powerful testament that serves a purpose in bridging communication and literacy gaps within the healthcare systems. By simplifying complex medication regimens, empowering patients with knowledge, and fostering adherence, pictograms contribute to better health outcomes and the overall success of ART. As healthcare providers and systems continue to harness the potential of pictograms, patient education and adherence in the management of HIV and other chronic conditions stand to be greatly enhanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"14-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Docking Studies of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> Targeting HIV Co-Receptor CXCR4.","authors":"Ali S Mohamed Akram, K Mf Thawfeeq Ahmad, N Helina, H Rajamohamed, A Shobana, S Vinoth Kumar","doi":"10.2174/011570162X345178250316123743","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X345178250316123743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a significant global health concern that affects millions of people worldwide. This virus targets the immune system, specifically CD4 cells, weakening the body's ability to combat infections and diseases.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i>, a plant of the genus Lamiaceae, and its root is the main part used in medicine. Pharmacological studies have shown that <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> has various activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, antioxidant effects, etc. Objective: To investigate the anti-HIV activity of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> against the HIV coreceptor CXCR4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted <i>in-silico</i> studies using bioinformatics tools like SWISS ADME, ProTox- II, PyRx, and Biovia Discovery Studio. Ligand structures were retrieved from the PubChem database, and the crystal structure of the target protein CXCR4 Chemokine receptor (PDB ID: 3ODU) with a resolution of 2.50 Å was retrieved from the Protein data bank.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the results, we filtered out 19 compounds with the highest binding affinity compared to the native ligand (-7.9 kcal/mol), which ranges from -10.1 kcal/mol to -8.0 kcal/mol. For the 19 compounds, we conducted ADME and Toxicity studies. From the studies, Baicalin, Wogonoside, and Oroxylin A-7-O-Glucuronide possess binding affinity of -10.1 kcal/mol, -9.6 kcal/mol, and -9.2 kcal/mol, which is greater than the native ligand (-7.9 kcal/mol).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, Baicalin may possess the most potential activity against HIV. Moreover, further <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> studies are needed to evaluate their biological potential, and this work may help scientists in their future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"107-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Gene Expression Studies in HIV Research.","authors":"Tuba Sevimoglu","doi":"10.2174/011570162X361179250204061607","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X361179250204061607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) damages or interferes with immune cell function and remains a serious worldwide public health concern. Many researchers have studied the virus since its discovery in an effort to better understand its immunopathogenesis and neuropathogenesis. For those who have access to efficient HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care, HIV infection has now evolved into a chronic illness that can be controlled. Despite a decrease in HIV prevalence in the general population, certain subpopulations continue to exhibit higher-risk behaviors. This work aims to uncover research gaps in HIV gene expression studies, which is crucial in finding a cure. For instance, blood samples are used for most of the gene expression experiments for HIV. However, since there are very few HIV latent reservoir cells in the blood, it can be difficult to identify and quantify them. Furthermore, blood cell populations might not accurately represent the features of reservoir cells found throughout the body. Using HIV reservoir cells from distinct tissue types in gene expression research projects could help us pinpoint the main cause of the latent HIV resilience. Gene expression studies using potential repurposed drug candidates, as well as alternative experimental setups with combinations of antiretroviral therapies, can be utilized in future studies as well. Additionally, large-sample research designs that specifically investigate intestinal disruption in individuals with HIV and associated comorbidities may help us better understand the processes behind HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Computational Analysis of C-2 Substituted Pyrazolopyrimidine and Amide Isosteres ALLINI: 3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies.","authors":"Aakanksha Kunwar, Gondaliya Krishna N, Vijay M Khedkar, Prakash C Jha","doi":"10.2174/011570162X360219250206082406","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X360219250206082406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rapid increase in incidences of drug resistance and off-target toxicity in the case of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has increased the demand for drugs with fewer side effects. HIV-1 Integrase (IN) is a promising target that helps integrate viral DNA with human DNA. It acts as a target for strand transfer inhibitors. However, the emergence of resistant mutations in the proteins necessitates the exploration of potent allosteric drugs. The allosteric integrase inhibitors (ALLINI) that interrupt the association of the integrase binding domain of the lens epithelium growth factor (LEDGF/p75) and LEDGF/p75 binding site of the IN are more promising as they hinder site specificity and viral replication.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, a 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and ADMET were carried out to investigate the binding of the C2-pyrazolopyrimidine amides and amide isosteres.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The 3D-QSAR model was developed using a series of 24 C-2 substituted pyrazolopyrimidine and amide isosteres. A statistically significant model was constructed, showing the determination coefficient (r2) and five-fold cross-validation (q2) at 0.946 and 0.506, respectively. Furthermore, the contour maps of the electrostatic potential and van der Waals coefficient provided structural modifications in the features to improve the inhibitory activity.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A molecular docking study was also performed to check the binding of the compounds to the LEDGF/p75 binding site of the IN, along with ADMET evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The outcome of the study will help to prepare the potent molecules with enhanced allosteric inhibitory activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"85-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Adults Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment for HIV.","authors":"Hamid Khazdooz, Ladan Abbasian, Nooshin Shirzad, Pouria Khashayar, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Mahsa Malekahmadi, Mahboobeh Hemmatabadi","doi":"10.2174/011570162X340090250204072449","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X340090250204072449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increased risk ofmetabolic syndrome (MetS) and its subcomponents among people living with HIV/AIDS, especially in developing countries, is well documented with the global pooled prevalence of the related risk factors in this population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the prevalence of MetS among Iranian People living with HIV according to the ATP III and Iranian criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive patients who visited THE referral centre for AIDS/HIV between May to December 2023. A total of 130 participants (n=83; 63.8%male) were investigated based on the inclusion criteria, which included having a minimum age of 25 and a maximum of 65 years and following a stable ART treatment regimen for at least six months. A Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between the categorical variables. Uni/Multi-variable linear regression analysis was used to quantify the associations between MetS and HIV by the independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of MetS according to ATP III and Iranian criteria were 42 (32.3%) and 45 (34.6%), which was higher in older patients (p=0.001) and those with more duration since HIV diagnosis (p=0.02). Around 33.1% and 16.1% were overweight and obese, respectively. Among the components of MetS, the highest prevalence (50.8%) was related to low HDL, and the lowest was related to fasting blood sugar (21.5%). The average body fat mass, protein mass, Soft lean mass, and percentage body fat were 18.54 ± 9.46 kg, 10.91 ± 2.17 kg, 51.31 ± 9.61 kg, and 24.86±10.25% that were higher in MetS group (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study points out the high prevalence of MetS in an Iranian population living with HIV, especially those suffering from the underlying disease for a longer time. Conducting multi-centric studies with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm our results and determine the most effective measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}