Current HIV Research最新文献

{"title":"A Review on HIV's Effects on Exploratory Activity, Motor Functions, and Learning in Animals.","authors":"Robert Lalonde, Catherine Strazielle","doi":"10.2174/011570162X379049251119103646","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X379049251119103646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes human neuropsychological disorders, such as apathy and hypokinesia, as well as deficits in motor skills, selective attention, and learning. Based on findings from multiple studies, similar signs have been reproduced in animal models following intracerebral injections of HIV-infected human monocytes or monocyte-derived macrophages, or exposure to gp120, Tat, or Nef. These include learning deficits in Morris, radial arm, and Barnes mazes; impairments in novel object place and shape recognition; motor coordination deficits on stationary and mobile beams; and hypoactivity. Relative to non-transgenic controls, deficits in most tests have also been reproduced in transgenic mice or rats expressing HIV-1 or related proteins. There is evidence that corticosterone contributes to these behavioral abnormalities, which may have implications for treating AIDS dementia complex, given its ability to exacerbate the neurotoxic effects of gp120 in tissue cultures. Possible mechanisms include corticosterone-induced worsening of lipid peroxidation, inhibition of aspartate uptake, increased calcium mobilization, and reduced ATP levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"145-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147456273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Red Blood Cell Counts before HAART Treatment may be Related to the Long-Term Immune Reconstitution in HIV Patients.","authors":"Xuelian Zhu, Yuting Xi, Xingzhong Hu","doi":"10.2174/011570162X435767260128113221","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X435767260128113221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While HIV infection damages red blood cells and rapid hemoglobin drops are strongly associated with disease progression, it is unclear whether red blood cells can have an impact on immune reconstitution following long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected and analyzed data on 75 confirmed HIV cases in Wenzhou between January 2 and October 31, 2017. The sample size of 75 patients was determined by the total number of eligible ART-naïve individuals available at our center during the enrollment period, reflecting a realistic recruitment scenario for this preliminary single-center study. HIV patients were classified as the immune-reconstitution-successful group (IRSG) or the immune-reconstitution-failed group (IRFG) based on their CD4+ T cell count at two years on HAART. The parameters of red blood cells were determined and compared between the two groups previously described. Dynamic monitoring of lymphocytic subsets was conducted in HIV-positive patients receiving HAART.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When compared to patients with IRSG, patients with IRFG have lower hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and hematocrit levels (all P values <0.01). After adjusting for gender and age, the odds ratio for long-term HAART efficacy was 10.971 (p=0.001). There was a positive correlation between red blood cell counts and CD4+ T cell counts in male HIV patients (r=0.496, p<0.001). The area under the curve of red blood cell count in male HIV patients was 0.791 (p values<0.001). The cut-off value of red blood cell count on male HIV patients was 5.03×1012/L.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that pre-treatment red blood cell count may serve as a simple and accessible predictor of long-term immune reconstitution in HIV patients, particularly in males. The association aligns with previous reports linking anemia to poorer HIV outcomes, and supports the potential role of red blood cells in immune regulation. However, validation in larger, more diverse cohorts and with contemporary antiretroviral regimens is warranted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with a low red blood cell count before treatment had a lower CD4+ T cell count and a higher level of immune activation than those with a high red blood cell count. The red blood cell count before treatment may be associated with long-term HAART efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"203-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Virologic and Renal Outcomes After Switching from TDF+FTC or 3TC+EFV to TDF/3TC/DTG (TLD) Versus DTG+3TC in Virologically Suppressed Thai PWH - A Pilot Study.","authors":"Sathaporn Kanogtorn, Opass Putcharoen, Samadhi Patamatamkul","doi":"10.2174/011570162X384022250910065252","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X384022250910065252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/lamivudine (3TC)/dolutegravir (DTG) (TLD) is the preferred first-line therapy for all people living with HIV (PWH) per WHO 2019 and Thai HIV guidelines. This has prompted switches from TDF + FTC or 3TC + EFV to TLD in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a randomized trial among virologically suppressed PWH aged ≥18 years on TDF + FTC or 3TC + EFV who were switched to either TLD or DTG + 3TC. The primary outcome was the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated by cystatin C at 24 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen participants (eight per group), 69% male with a mean age of 41 years and a median duration of HIV diagnosis of 7.1 years, were enrolled. A greater, though not statistically significant, decline in eGFR was observed in the TLD group. The mean differences were 5.15 mL/ min/1.73 m² (95% CI: -12.06 to 22.35; p = 0.532) for cystatin C and 4.01 mL/min/1.73 m² (95% CI: -3.58 to 11.59; p = 0.277) for creatinine. All participants maintained virological suppression. No significant differences were observed in BMI, LDL, or CD4 counts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although not statistically significant, TLD was associated with a trend toward greater eGFR decline. This finding warrants attention, particularly in patients at risk for renal dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dual therapy with DTG + 3TC may be a preferable switch option over TLD for virologically suppressed PWH with renal safety concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of HIV-1 Tat on FDFT1 Suppression, Changes in Cholesterol Level, and KSHV Replication in BCBL1 Cells.","authors":"Qiaozhen Liu, Xiaoying Chen, Dewen Liu, Yuting Zou, Weiling Yang, Ziyi Cao, Yao Ding, Weihang Ji, Na Xiao, Huaying Tang, Yan Jiang, Liandeng Wei, Yi Zeng","doi":"10.2174/011570162X371221250630105858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X371221250630105858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study investigated the molecular mechanism by which the transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) activates the replication cycle of Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BCBL-1 cells were initially infected with lentivirus overexpressing HIV-1 Tat. The relative mRNA expression of Farnesyl Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1), HIV-1 Tat, KSHV Open Reading Frame 73 (ORF73), and KSHV Open Reading Frame 50 (ORF50) was quantified by real-time fluorescent quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). The cellular cholesterol levels were determined using a total cholesterol assay kit. BCBL-1 cells treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) served as a positive control for the lytic replication of KSHV. The relative mRNA expression levels of HIV-1 Tat, FDFT1, KSHV ORF73, and KSHV ORF50 were subsequently evaluated in BCBL-1 cells following infection with lenti-viruses for FDFT1 overexpression or FDFT1-RNAi knockdown, and the cellular cholesterol content was quantified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that HIV-1 Tat downregulated FDFT1 and upregulated the expression of KSHV ORF50 in BCBL-1 cells. FDFT1 overexpression upregulated the expression of the latency-associated gene, ORF73, of KSHV in BCBL-1 cells, while knockdown of FDFT1 upregulated the expression of genes associated with the lytic reactivation of KSHV. Infection with the HIV-1 lentivirus, which overexpresses Tat, as well as manipulation of FDFT1, significantly altered the cholesterol content in BCBL-1 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The downregulation of FDFT1 by HIV-1 Tat modulates cellular cholesterol levels and is associated with KSHV replication in BCBL-1 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing HIV Treatment Through Nanoparticles: A Precision Medicine Approach.","authors":"Akmal Zubair, Muhammad Jawad, Laveeza Khan, Zeeshan Hidayat, Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.2174/011570162X399793250808114111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X399793250808114111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The poor solubility and bioavailability of antiretroviral drugs complicate the manage-ment of Human Immunodeficiency virus. The efficacy of these medications is diminished due to restricted absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Patients often exhibit a wide range of reactions attributable to fluctuations in blood drug concentrations. Achieving the target plasma concentra-tions is challenging and often necessitates higher dosages, which increases the risk of adverse ef-fects. The formulation of pharmaceuticals with poor solubility is a complex and costly process that hinders overall drug development. Given the limitations of traditional formulation strategies to address these issues, it is essential to explore alternative methods. The innovative method of nano-crystallization enhances the solubility and dissolution rates of pharmaceuticals by reducing their particle sizes to the nanoscale. The increased surface area improves the medication's solu-bility and bioavailability. Nanomedicine antiretroviral medications offer several advantages over their water-insoluble counterparts, including enhanced efficacy and safety, a higher drug load, and a more rapid onset of action. For this study, various databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, were utilized to retrieve relevant literature on nanoparticles for HIV treatment. We examine the challenges associated with current treatment methods for HIV/AIDS and highlight the remarkable potential of nanotechnology to improve both the treatment and prevention of the disease through the development of antiretroviral therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, vaccinology, and microbicides. This review article focuses on var-ious nanomedicine approaches used to target HIV in different sites, including the spleen, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in People Living with HIV in Türkiye; Comorbidities and Drug Toxicities are Emerging Problems.","authors":"Fatma Eser, Bircan Kayaaslan, Gönül Çiçek Şentürk, Meliha Çağla Sönmezer, Aliye Baştuğ, Serhat Birengel, Ahmet Çağkan İnkaya, Semanur Kuzi, Çiğdem Ataman Hatipoğlu, Elif Mukime Sarıcaoğlu, Gulşen İskender, Ezgi Coşgun Yenigün, Serhat Ünal","doi":"10.2174/011570162X369711250818051537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X369711250818051537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>To reveal the epidemiology of kidney disease (KD) in people living with HIV (PWLH) and to report the antiretroviral treatment (ART) management in case of kidney disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, retrospective observational study identified KD under four categories: acute kidney disease (AKD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), accelerated decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR > 60 mL/min), and asymptomatic kidney disease indicated by markers of kidney damage. Clinical characteristics and etiological causes of KD in patients were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2092 PLWH screened, 131 patients (6.26%) had at least one form of KD. All patients with KD were Caucasian; 112 (84.5%) were male, with a median age of 51 [range 21-80] years. The most common comorbidities were hyperlipidemia (43.5%), diabetes mellitus (33.6%), and hypertension (26.9%). AKD developed in 20 patients (0.95%), CKD in 35 patients (1.67%), accelerated GFR decline in 69 patients (3.29%), and asymptomatic KD in 7 patients (0.33%). Regarding the etiological causes, 39.7% of KD cases were attributed to ART-related nephrotoxicity, 21.4% to HIV-related nephropathy, 19.8% to comorbidity-associated KD, and 6.9% to non-ART drug nephrotoxicity. ART regimen modification was performed in 39 patients (29.6%) with ARTrelated nephropathy. Lamivudine-based ART required fewer treatment changes (9.5%) than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (38.1%) or tenofovir alafenamide (36.4%) (P = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>ART-related nephrotoxicity and comorbidity-associated kidney diseases are emerging challenges in the epidemiology of KD among PLWH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lamivudine-based ART regimens appear to be favorable in cases of KD development, showing a greater likelihood of preserving the initial treatment regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attributes Associated with HIV Risk Behaviors in a Network-Based Study of People Who Inject Drugs.","authors":"Valerie Ryan, TingFang Lee, Daniele Piovani, Natallia Katenka, Samuel R Friedman, Stefanos Bonovas, Ashley Buchanan, Georgios Nikolopoulos","doi":"10.2174/011570162X372589250714061837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X372589250714061837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People who inject drugs (PWID) are often part of sexual and drug use networks. Engaging in unprotected sex or sharing drug injection equipment, which could occur between connections (ties) in these networks, is known to increase HIV transmission risk. This study aimed to identify attributes associated with network connections between PWID and their contacts during an HIV outbreak in Athens, Greece (2013-2015).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP) were used. TRIP was a network-based intervention using information on recent HIV acquisition to reduce onward viral transmission among PWID. Descriptive network and individual-level statistics were calcu-lated. Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) were used to assess associations between in-dividual-level attributes and the likelihood of people having a risk tie (for instance, using drugs together) among PWID.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The network consisted of 356 participants (i.e., known as nodes in network terminology) and 542 connections (i.e., known as edges). TRIP participants had a mean age of 36 (8) years, and most were males (79%). A substantial proportion of participants were homeless (23%). Each participant was connected on average with three others (i.e., known as degree). Degree assorta-tivity was positive, indicating that participants were more likely to connect with people of similar degree. ERGMs showed that TRIP participants were more likely to have a connection with others like them in possibly important ways (e.g., were of the same sex and nationality, and had similar living conditions, such as being homeless).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This network analysis, including the use of ERGMs, indicated that individuals in networks of PWID tend to form ties with similar others, beyond what would be expected by chance alone. Limitations of the analysis include potentially reduced generalizability and repre-sentativeness due to the local context of the study, and diminished statistical power. Future re-search should prioritize longitudinal studies among PWID to examine how network connections evolve over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The analysis identified factors, such as housing instability, that are important in de-termining the observed network ties among PWID in Athens, Greece. Future development of interventions should consider these factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii Coinfection in HIV-Positive Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"Muhammed Furkan Kürkçü, Ayfer Bakır, Semiha Berra Topsakal Kaba, İlknur Alkan Kuşabbi, Selma Usluca","doi":"10.2174/011570162X392027250704053346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X392027250704053346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) can cause serious complications in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. This study aims to assess the seroprevalence of T. gondii among HIV-positive individuals and to investigate its association with age, sex, CD4+ T cell count, HIV RNA levels, and hematological parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 247 HIV-positive individuals followed up at a tertiary care hospital between November 1, 2022, and November 30, 2024. We analyzed serum samples for T. gondii IgG antibodies using electrochemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of T. gondii IgG seropositivity was found to be 32.8% (n=81; 95% CI: 26.9-39). The median age of seropositive individuals was 52 years (IQR: 42-61), which was significantly higher compared to seronegative individuals (p<0.001). The highest IgG seropositivity rate (66.7%) was observed in the 61-80 age group. Hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in IgG seropositive individuals (p=0.040). Logistic regression analysis indicated an increased risk of T. gondii infection with advancing age. The odds ratio for the 41-60 age group was 13.3 (95% CI: 1.6-106, p=0.02), while for the 61-80 age group, it was 28 (95% CI: 3.3-240, p=0.002).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The seroprevalence of T. gondii in HIV-positive individuals was lower than both global and regional averages. Age was identified as an independent risk factor for T. gondii seropositivity. Additionally, hematological alterations associated with anemia were observed in seropositive individuals. Further large-scale, multi-center, and regionally representative studies are required to optimize T. gondii infection management and screening strategies in people living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that T. gondii infection in HIV-positive individuals increases with age and may be associated with anemia, highlighting the need for age-focused screening and management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Antiretroviral Therapy Responses and Resistance to First-Line Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in People Living with HIV-1 Experiencing Virological Failure in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.","authors":"Nurjannah -, Francisca Srioetami Tanoehardjo, Risna Halim Mubin, Sri Jayanti, Haerani Rasyid, Agussalim Bukhari, Andi Kurnia Bintang, Khairuddin Djawad, Budiman Bella, Burhanuddin Bahar, Caecilia Hapsari Ceriapuri Sukowati, Muhammad Nasrum Massi","doi":"10.2174/011570162X336531250517171339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570162X336531250517171339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in treating HIV is in-fluenced by the clinical response of patients, which, in turn, impacts the development of drug resistance. This study aimed to assess the correlation between clinical treatment response and resistance to first-line reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV patients receiving treatment for ≤12 and >12 months in South Sulawesi, a province in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 36 people living with HIV (PLHIV) experiencing viro-logical failure (VF) were sampled from HIV services in the province from August 2022 to January 2023. HIV-1 viral RNAs were extracted, sequenced, and analyzed for drug sensitivity and re-sistance classification using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database (HIVdb) ac-cording to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, determining resistance levels and HIV subtypes. Phylogenetic analysis of PR-RT sequences (~1200 base pairs) was performed using the Muscle program and MEGA11 software, utilizing the neighbor-joining method with the Kimura two-parameter model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genotyping of plasma samples revealed that a significant proportion of patients exhib-ited mutations associated with resistance to both nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-NRTIs (NNRTIs) (48.6% and 51.4%, respectively). Clinical response indica-tors, such as initial body mass index and occurrence of opportunistic infections, were found to correlate with specific drug resistance, highlighting the importance of monitoring treatment re-sponse. Moreover, virologic response showed strong associations with resistance to specific drugs, suggesting the need for tailored therapeutic approaches. Patient behaviors related to trans-mission risk factors were also found to be linked to resistance levels, underscoring the multifac-torial nature of resistance development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, this study underscores the importance of considering treatment response in managing HIV and suggests implications for optimizing therapy regimens to mitigate resistance emergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic Diversity and Pre-Treatment Resistance Characteristic Analysis Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-1-Positive MSM from 2020-2022 in Jiaxing City, China.","authors":"Xiaofei Zhang, Ganglin Ren, Zhijian Ge, Shencong Lv, Ping Li, Yin Song, Miaomiao Jia, Yamei Zhou, Yong Yan, Guoying Zhu","doi":"10.2174/011570162X373907250607024902","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011570162X373907250607024902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the first recorded HIV-1 infection in 1998, Jiaxing City has seen increasing HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM), necessitating targeted research to understand HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance patterns to improve prevention and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to assess the variety of HIV-1 subtypes, the pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) among MSM in Jiaxing, China, and transmission dynamics of drug-resistant strains. The findings may contribute to the development of targeted HIV prevention and control strategies for the MSM population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma samples from all newly reported cases of HIV-1 transmitted through male-tomale sexual contact in Jiaxing City from 2020 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and epidemiological data were collected. Partial pol gene regions were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed for drug resistance mutations (DRMs) using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. The Calibrated Population Resistance (CPR) program was utilised to identify Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutation (SDRM). A molecular transmission network was constructed to investigate the scale of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We obtained a total of 298 eligible genetic sequences, revealing a diverse distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, with CRF07_BC, CRF01_AE, and CRF55_01B as the most prevalent. Pretreatment DRMs were detected in 91 cases (30.5%), yielding an overall PDR prevalence of 11.0%. Resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) was most frequent (5.4% each). TDR prevalence reached 7.0%, showing an increasing trend (2020-2022). The molecular network analysis indicated sporadic dissemination of drug-resistant cases rather than large-scale transmission chains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The convergence of high HIV-1 subtype diversity, elevated PDR prevalence, rising TDR rates, and sporadic resistant strain transmission within MSM networks necessitates the sustained resistance surveillance and precision public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":" ","pages":"241-250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}