Current Oncology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: ctDNA as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosis and Prognosis.","authors":"William Yang, Romario Nguyen, Fatema Safri, Muhammad J A Shiddiky, Majid E Warkiani, Jacob George, Liang Qiao","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01681-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01681-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with rising incidence and mortality. Early-stage HCC is often asymptomatic, and the lack of reliable early diagnostic markers leads to late-stage diagnosis with limited treatment options. Current treatment relies on tumour staging and patient status, but accurate staging requires invasive procedures that fail to capture tumour heterogeneity and progression. There is an urgent need for less invasive diagnostic strategies, such as liquid biopsy technologies, which allow for repeated sampling and real-time analysis of tumour dynamics. Liquid biopsies, including circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), offer the potential to monitor recurrence, metastasis, and treatment responses, potentially transforming HCC clinical management by enabling earlier intervention and personalised treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent studies emphasise the potential of ctDNA as a non-invasive biomarker by targeting DNA methylation for early HCC detection, enabling timely intervention and personalised treatment to improve patient outcomes. Comparative analyses have shown that ctDNA mutation testing outperforms alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 92%, compared to 60% sensitivity and 80% specificity for AFP. Additionally, profiling the ctDNA mutation landscape of 100 HCC patients has identified recurrent mutations in genes such as TP53, CTNNB1, and AXIN1. ctDNA appears to be a promising non-invasive biomarker in the clinical management of HCC patients, with the sensitivity and specificity improving by 41.67% and 15% respectively. The ctDNA mutations, particularly those targeting DNA methylation, highlight great potential for precision medicine, critical for early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Tivozanib Monotherapy in the Frontline Setting for Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma and Favorable Prognosis.","authors":"Ricky Frazer, José Ángel Arranz, Sergio Vázquez Estévez, Omi Parikh, Laura-Maria Krabbe, Naveen S Vasudev, Christian Doehn, Norbert Marschner, Tom Waddell, Will Ince, Peter J Goebell","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01670-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01670-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Needs in Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review and Future Directions.","authors":"Tess Thompson, Meredith Doherty, Julie Berrett-Abebe, Chelsea Brown, Emily Hallgren, Sam Kirk, Rory Weal, Krutika Chauhan, Tamara J Cadet","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01664-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01664-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We conducted a scoping review to determine what is known about the prevalence and consequences of unmet social needs in U.S. cancer survivors, what screening tools are used to assess these needs, and what interventions have been developed to meet the needs of cancer survivors.  RECENT FINDINGS: We identified records from six databases. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed journal articles in English with empirical data from U.S.-based samples of people diagnosed with cancer as adults and assessing one of the following modifiable, individual-level needs commonly included in clinical screening: food insecurity, financial hardship, utility assistance, employment, housing, transportation, or personal safety. The search yielded 11,074 abstracts; 543 records underwent full-text review, and 189 were retained for data extraction. Most studies were quantitative and observational (88%), not based on theory (88%), and cross-sectional (87%). The majority addressed financial toxicity, commonly evaluated using the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST). Fewer studies focused on food insecurity, transportation barriers, housing concerns, personal safety, or utility assistance. Included studies reported that financial toxicity and other social needs were negatively associated with health-related quality of life, mental health, and adherence to care.  Financial toxicity is now a well-established challenge for cancer patients, which suggests financial interventions may be widely beneficial. Future work is needed to develop a fuller picture of cancer survivors' other social needs, and to understand and address the impact of unmet social needs on clinical, health, and psychosocial outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma?","authors":"Piotr Remiszewski, Kinga Filipek, Agata Pisklak, Paulina Chmiel, Piotr Rutkowski, Anna M Czarnecka","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01630-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01630-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The review compares the effectiveness of neoadjuvant(pre-operative, NAC) and adjuvant(post-operative, AC) in Soft Tissue Sarcomas as this topic is controvesial and multiple new studies have been over the years.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Sarculator and other nomograms assess patients with a predicted 10-year OS below 60% who will benefit from perioperative chemotherapy. Further research supports perioperative chemotherapy's role. European guidelines do not recommend anthracycline and ifosfamide (AI) perioperative chemotherapy as a standard treatment for STS of the extremities and trunk. However, some studies show that AI chemotherapy can improve recurrence-free survival (RFS). The EORTC 62,771 trial found that the CYVADIC regimen (doxorubicin, dacarbazine, cyclophosphamide, vincristine) reduced RFS without affecting OS. Meanwhile, the EORTC 62,931 trial showed no effect of AI chemotherapy on RFS or OS, but a pooled analysis suggested an OS benefit for patients with R1 (microscopically positive) resections. The AI regimen shows further support from Sarculator-based data, with EORTC 62,931 analysis indicating an improvement in disease-free survival and OS in patients with low expected OS. Similar outcomes were seen in the ISG-STS 1001 study. Recently, PERSARC analysis revealed that AI chemotherapy significantly improves OS in high-grade STS patients with a low 5-year OS prediction (< 33%). NAC improves the chances of complete tumour removal, especially in large, high-grade tumours. It often reduces the need for more aggressive surgeries by shrinking tumours before surgery, leading to higher rates of successful resections with clear margins (R0). Sarculator and other nomograms assess patients with a predicted 10-year OS below 60% who will benefit from perioperative chemotherapy. Further research supports perioperative chemotherapy's role.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"491-515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenteric Fibrosis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: a Systematic Review of New Thoughts on Causation and Potential Treatments.","authors":"Ariadni Spyroglou, Odysseas Violetis, Konstantinos Iliakopoulos, Antonios Vezakis, Krystallenia Alexandraki","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01668-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01668-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Mesenteric fibrosis (MF) is a hallmark of small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (SI-NEN) and is frequently associated with significant morbidity due to related complications such as intestinal obstruction, ischemia, and cachexia.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Herein we performed a systematic review to discuss the development of MF in SI-NEN. The pathophysiological mechanisms acknowledged as causative for the development of MF include the major components of the tumor microenvironment, such as fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells and the extracellular matrix, which are involved in a complex interplay activating several signaling pathways that promote profibrotic factors and induce both a desmoplastic reaction and tumor proliferation. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, while several medical management options of MF complicating SI-NEN available present rather limited efficacy. MF is a frequent characteristic of SI-NEN that requires particular attention and targeted management to avoid complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"642-655"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Care and Treatment Outcomes Among Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Koku Sisay Tamirat, Michael James Leach, Nathan Papa, Jeremy Millar, Eli Ristevski","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01660-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01660-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Men from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds face challenges in accessing equitable and quality healthcare. However, little is known about the patterns of care among men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) from CALD backgrounds. We aimed to map the available literature on patterns of care and treatment outcomes in men from CALD backgrounds who have PCa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the Johanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. We searched five bibliographic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Ovid Emcare) and grey literature. We explored patterns of PCa care extending from screening and early detection to end-of-life care and treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7,148 records were identified; 58 studies were included. Most studies were from the United States (US) (n = 41) and used ethnic origin (n = 14), nativity (n = 10), immigration history (n = 11), or country of birth (n = 13) as indicators of CALD. Most studies focused on screening and early detection for PCa (n = 37), specifically prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Twelve papers were on PCa treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation therapy, and active surveillance), five on follow-up and supportive care, and four on treatment outcomes (i.e., change in measured PSA and PCa cancer-specific survival). There were disparities in the PCa care continuum and treatment outcomes between CALD and non-CALD patients. Factors influencing screening and early detection for PCa were systematically summarised and most addressed individual-level determinants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Key findings from our scoping review emphasised the existence of guideline-discordant care, disparities in PCa screening test use, and differences in PCa treatment received among men from CALD backgrounds. However, little is known about patterns of care in diagnostic modalities, treatment phases, and palliative and end-of-life care.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"552-571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Latest Evidence from Phase III Trials Supporting Treatment Options for De novo Clinically Lymph Node-Positive Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Mohamed Ibrahim Elewaily, Akash Maniam, Alison Tree, Giuseppe Luigi Banna","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01665-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01665-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The introduction of PSMA-PET/CT scans is expected to increase the incidence of clinically lymph node-positive metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). The 8th AJCC-TNM classify disease with metastasis limited to pelvic nodes (cN1M0) and nonregional lymph nodes (M1a) as stage IV. To date, there is limited prospective evidence for management of this subgroup. Additionally, no specific recommendations currently exist for managing M1a as a distinct condition but as a part of CHAARTED low volume disease (LVD). Our review examines relevant results from phase III trials examining the management of clinically positive nodal disease over the last decade.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>STAMPEDE is the only phase III trial that gave recent data about cN1M0 and isolated M1a management. Cohort sub-analysis of the control arm showed improved failure-free survival after local radiotherapy (RT) plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT), while metastasis-free survival benefit from Abiraterone Acetate with Prednisolone (AAP) addition was noted when compared to standard of care (SOC), awaiting the overall survival (OS) benefit result. The STAMPEDE H arm showed a marginal significance of M1a stratified OS after RT. Future trials, including PEARLS, ALADDIN and STAMPEDE2, are expected to offer more insights. Interventional Phase III trials directed to clinically node positive patients are still needed to aid deciding on the best management, and nodal metastasis number and size impact on prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"572-583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Preclinical Models for Glioblastoma Modelling and Drug Screening.","authors":"Grace Thomas, Ruman Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01672-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01672-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma is an extremely aggressive and fatal primary brain tumour, characterised by extensive heterogeneity and diffuse infiltration of brain parenchyma. Despite multimodal treatment and diverse research efforts to develop novel therapies, there has been limited success in improving patient outcomes. Constructing physiologically relevant preclinical models is essential to optimising drug screening processes and identifying more effective treatments.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Traditional in-vitro models have provided critical insights into glioblastoma pathophysiology; however, they are limited in their ability to recapitulate the complex tumour microenvironment and its interactions with surrounding cells. In-vivo models offer a more physiologically relevant context, but often do not fully represent human pathology, are expensive, and time-consuming. These limitations have contributed to the low translational success of therapies from trials to clinic. Organoid and glioblastoma-on-a-chip technology represent significant advances in glioblastoma modelling and enable the replication of key features of the human tumour microenvironment, including its structural, mechanical, and biochemical properties. Organoids provide a 3D system that captures cellular heterogeneity and tumour architecture, while microfluidic chips offer dynamic systems capable of mimicking vascularisation and nutrient exchange. Together, these technologies hold tremendous potential for high throughput drug screening and personalised, precision medicine. This review explores the evolution of preclinical models in glioblastoma modelling and drug screening, emphasising the transition from traditional systems to more advanced organoid and microfluidic platforms. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate the advantages and limitations of both traditional and next-generation models, investigating their combined potential to address current challenges by integrating complementary aspects of specific models and techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"601-624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PARP Inhibitors in the Neoadjuvant Setting; A Comprehensive Overview of the Rationale for their Use, Past and Ongoing Clinical Trials.","authors":"Minatoullah Habaka, Gordon R Daly, Deborah Shinyanbola, Mohammad Alabdulrahman, Jason McGrath, Gavin P Dowling, Cian Hehir, Helen Ye Rim Huang, Arnold D K Hill, Damir Varešlija, Leonie S Young","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01669-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01669-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purposeof review: </strong>Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are enzymes essential for detecting and repairing DNA damage through poly-ADP-ribosylation. In cancer, cells with deficiencies in homologous recombination repair mechanisms often become more dependent on PARP-mediated repair mechanisms to effectively repair dsDNA breaks. As such, PARP inhibitors (PARPis) were introduced into clinical practice, serving as a key targeted therapy option through synthetic lethality in the treatment of cancers with homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD). Though PARPis are currently approved in the adjuvant setting for several cancer types such as ovarian, breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer, their potential role in the neoadjuvant setting remains under investigation. This review outlines the rationale for using PARPi in the neoadjuvant setting and evaluates findings from early and ongoing clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Our analysis indicates that numerous studies have explored PARPi as a neoadjuvant treatment for HRD-related cancers. The majority of neoadjuvant PARPi trials have been performed in breast and ovarian cancer, while phase II/III evidence supporting efficacy in prostate and pancreatic cancers remains limited. Studies are investigating PARPi in the neoadjuvant setting of HRD-related cancers. Future research should prioritize combination strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitors and expand outcome measures to include patient satisfaction and quality-of-life metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"533-551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Prognostic Impact of Nutrition in Patients with Acute Leukemia: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky, Karolina Alvarez-Altamirano, Fernand Vedrenne-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01671-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01671-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of this review: </strong>Acute leukemia (AL) is a hematological neoplasm with rapid progression that affects nutritional status of patients. Assessing nutrition in patients with haematological malignancies poses challenges due to the rapid progression of the disease, the variety of methods for evaluating malnutrition. In this review we will provide evidence of the need of early malnutrition diagnosis thru timely assessment and the implications of malnutrition in patients evolution in patients with AL.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The prevalence of malnutrition ranging from 15 to 26.5% among patients with AL. It is well known that inflammation and cytokine production have been recognized as potential mechanisms of CCS in hematologic malignancies. Regardless of the mechanism underlying Cancer Cachexia Syndrome (CCS) in AML, patients undergoing conditioning chemotherapy and during transplant or antineoplastic treatment. In addition to this, patients with AL undergoing chemotherapy frequently face two main challenges: oral mucositis (OM) and neutropenic colitis (NC). Both conditions challenge nutrition intake and nutrients absorption which make them more susceptible to have nutritional deficits. Malnutrition in patients with acute leukemia face a higher risk of therapy failure, increased rates of relapse, and higher mortality rates. Nutritional status impact patient's prognosis in many ways, malnutrition increases risk of antineoplastic treatment toxicities, hospital stay, and cost, as well reduces quality of life and this condition worsens patient's prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"625-633"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}