Current Oncology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Circulating Biomarkers in Sarcoma.","authors":"Taylor P Williams, Valerie P Grignol","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01692-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01692-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Biomarkers to evaluate, diagnose, and monitor cancer treatment can provide critical adjunct information to standard methods of cancer detection and monitoring. With over 100 different histologic subtypes, sarcomas are a group of tumors with a critical need for easily retrievable circulating biomarkers. This review presents the current progress in the field. We describe the myriad types of biomarkers, highlight the modalities of testing, and explore the clinical utility of specific biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Genomic circulating biomarkers include circulating tumor DNA and micro-RNA. Genomic expressions for different histologic subtypes of sarcoma are highlighted in this review. We also explore different oncogenes, their respective proteins, extracellular vesicles, and dysregulated metabolites as investigational circulating biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Soft tissue sarcomas are a category of cancers that lack a clinically validated circulating biomarker, and this review presents the ongoing research efforts to establish a genomic, proteomic, or metabolic biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1013-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Decision-Making in Oncology: A Review of Ethical, Legal, and Informed Consent Challenges.","authors":"Eliza-Maria Froicu, Ioana Creangă-Murariu, Vlad-Adrian Afrăsânie, Bogdan Gafton, Teodora Alexa-Stratulat, Lucian Miron, Diana Maria Pușcașu, Vladimir Poroch, Gema Bacoanu, Iulian Radu, Mihai-Vasile Marinca","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01698-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01698-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in oncology is transforming therapeutic decision-making by providing clinical decision support. AI may improve treatment precision, but it raises ethical, legal, and informed consent issues. This review examines these paramount AI implementation issues in cancer care. This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO (CRD420251046482) database. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane CENTRAL Library to identify studies published between January 2015 and May 2025. AI-supported oncology therapeutic decision-making studies with ethical, legal, or informed consent implications were eligible.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. AI applications were found to support treatment recommendations, personalize drug dosing, and improve adherence and patient management. Despite these benefits, the review highlighted key concerns, including algorithmic transparency, unclear accountability in AI-guided decisions, data privacy, and gaps in patient understanding of AI's role in their care. AI has the potential to enhance oncological care, but ethical and legal issues must be addressed for safe and equitable implementation. Emphasis should be placed on developing robust informed consent models, mitigating algorithmic bias, and establishing clear legal accountability. Future research must establish ethical frameworks and regulatory mechanisms to protect patient autonomy and responsibly integrate AI into oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1002-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Tumor Related Epilepsy: Pathophysiology and Multimodal Approach to Management.","authors":"Tyler Heinrich, Vishal Pandya","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01705-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01705-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"963-974"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Fatigue in Cancer Survivorship: Psychiatry Versus Oncology or Psychiatry with Oncology?","authors":"Vasilios Kafetzopoulos, Maria Pittaka, Georgios Ioannidis, Ivi Moniem","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01697-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01697-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a prevalent and debilitating symptom among breast cancer survivors​ with a significant adverse impact on quality of life​. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current understanding of CRF's complex pathophysiology, including the interplay of inflammatory, neuroendocrine, and psychosocial mechanisms​, and evaluates diverse intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Non-pharmacologic approaches (e.g., structured exercise, cognitive-behavioural therapy, mindfulness) have the strongest evidence for alleviating CRF and are emphasized as first-line treatments in oncology guidelines (e.g., ASCO, NCCN, ESMO). In contrast, pharmacologic options such as psychostimulants or bupropion show only modest benefits​, with mixed efficacy and notable side effects​, underscoring their limited role. Comparing oncology-focused guidelines with those for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) which are psychiatry-focused highlight key differences in management approaches and the need for a unified, multidisciplinary framework across specialties. Modern multidisciplinary, individualized survivorship care, integrating oncologic, psychosocial, and rehabilitative strategies call for adoption of updated, integrated clinical guidelines to optimally address CRF​. By consolidating evidence and expert recommendations, this review aims to inform and enhance the clinical management of CRF and improve survivorship outcomes for breast cancer survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"883-905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12328488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Management of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - A Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.","authors":"Ashley Crouch, Aysha Chaudhri, Sonya Khan, Maggie Ma, Ngoc Vu, William Towers","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01685-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01685-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Hypercalcemia of malignancy is one of the most common metabolic disorders in patients with cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This narrative review summarizes pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and therapies available for the management of hypercalcemia of malignancy in acutely ill adult patients.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We reviewed both classic and recent literature to provide practical recommendations for managing cancer-related hypercalcemia. Our findings are presented in the context of recently published societal guidelines. Timely identification and treatment of acute hypercalcemia of malignancy is vital. Understanding of the underlying disease processes and available therapies is needed to optimize patient care and healthcare resource utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"871-882"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retroperitoneal Sarcoma (RPS): A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ilaria Caturegli, Elizabeth J Lilley, Mark Fairweather, Jiping Wang, Chandrajit P Raut","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01690-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01690-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) are a group of rare malignancies with many histologic types. Surgery is the hallmark of curative therapy for non-metastatic disease with the extent of resection depending on the histology. RECENT FINDINGS: Neoadjuvant therapies have limited response and efficacy in RPS; however, the benefit, regimen, and timing depend on histology. Innovative therapeutics are emerging and may prove promising. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review discusses the work-up, management, and advances in the field of retroperitoneal sarcoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"856-870"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Current Treatment Landscape and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.","authors":"Kelly Pan, A Maria Vromans, Liang Cheng, Jane M Grant-Kels, Steven C Katz, Matthew J Hadfield","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01693-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01693-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma that is primarily driven by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and ultraviolet radiation. Due to its rarity and innocuous appearance on clinical exam, MCC diagnosis is often delayed and therefore diagnosed at advanced stages. Overall survival outcomes are poor and notably worse than melanoma, with an estimated five-year survival ranging from 35 to 60% for stage I or II disease to < 15% for metastatic disease. Our review examines the diagnostic workup, prognostic markers, and current and emerging treatments of MCC.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>For local disease in which surgical resection is feasible, tumor removal with potential adjuvant radiation therapy is the primary treatment modality. Immunotherapy with PD-1 / PD-L1 inhibitors is now standard for advanced disease where complete resection is not feasible. Additionally, there are many ongoing clinical trials examining novel immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulators, targeted therapies, cellular therapies, vaccines, and oncolytic virus therapies with the goal of improving outcomes for patients with advanced disease or those who experience recurrence after first-line immunotherapy. MCC is an aggressive disease with a rapidly evolving treatment landscape, and emerging therapies hold the potential to improve prognosis in advanced disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"822-832"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imiquimod for Anal High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Niccolò Gallio, Mario Preti, Elena Casetta, Andreia Albuquerque, Pedro Vieira-Baptista, Fulvio Borella, Federica Bevilacqua, Camilla Cavallero, Massimiliano Mistrangelo, Alberto Revelli","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01675-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01675-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of imiquimod in Anal High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases (Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases) were searched from inception until December 2024 for articles reporting imiquimod as a treatment for anal HSIL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies were identified (2 randomized controlled trials and 3 prospective non-randomized studies), containing data on 126 men of have sex with men living with HIV with anal HSIL. Most studies contained significant bias which prevented direct comparison. Reported complete response (CR) rates ranged between 14.3-78.6%, and 21.4-67% partial response (PR) rates of 3-weekly application for 16 weeks imiquimod course. A second course of imiquimod led to incremental response (CR 15-23.8%, PR 19-30%). Perianal HSIL showed superior response rates compared to intra-anal lesions (perianal HSIL CR ranging from 71.4 to 100%, intra-anal HSIL CR from 10.8 to 33.3%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In our systematic review we summarized the literature regarding imiquimod use for anal HSIL treatment, both perianal/intra-anal. Imiquimod can be proposed as a safe treatment of anal HSIL, and perianal HSIL may benefit more from imiquimod treatment. However, anal HSIL recurrence rates were high, and there are no long-term data on its efficacy. No studies investigated the role of imiquimod in women or in HIV- patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Imiquimod can be proposed as a safe option for treatment of anal HSIL.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"833-843"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12328541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Beyond CDK4/6 Inhibitors.","authors":"Philip D Tracy, Emily Bopp, Emily Milner, Ana C Garrido-Castro, Antonio Giordano, Erica L Mayer, Sara M Tolaney, Paolo Tarantino, Ilana Schlam","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01689-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01689-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Since the introduction of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) as the first-line treatment for metastatic hormone receptor (HR) positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer, there has been a significant expansion in the number of therapeutic options for subsequent lines of therapy. Many new agents are being studied, with potential for future regulatory approval. The increased number of therapeutic options raises questions about the optimal selection and sequencing of therapies for individual patients. These advances represent an important clinical challenge in this rapidly evolving field, given the introduction of new therapies targeting various pathways (alone or in combination) and new therapeutic classes being studied.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recently approved targeted therapies have demonstrated improvements in progression free survival (PFS) for patients whose cancer harbors mutations in the PI3K/AKT pathway, ESR1, BRCA1/2, and/or PALB2. Data to support continuation of CDK4/6 inhibition after progression on a prior CDK4/6i remains mixed, though some studies suggest a subset of patients may benefit from this approach. Several agents with unique mechanisms of action have shown promise in data from early phase trials, and have the potential to enter the treatment lexicon in the coming years. Examples include CDK2- and CDK4-selective inhibitors, complete estrogen receptor antagonists (CERANs), proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), and next-generation PI3K pathway inhibitors. In this narrative review, we summarize the current and upcoming treatments for metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer after progression on a CDK4/6i plus ET, with a focus on the following: an overview of first-line regimens of CDK4/6i plus ET and observed mechanisms of resistance; currently approved second-line therapy options; and upcoming options currently under exploration in clinical trials. We focus primarily on new therapy classes that may offer therapeutic options beyond currently available treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"915-933"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Management of Metastatic Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma.","authors":"Nicolas Girard","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01680-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01680-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Assess new options and best sequence or combination strategies for the treatment of metastatic thymic epithelial tumors.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Besides historical cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens, which remain standard-of-care for many patients with thymoma, new options include antiangiogenic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line setting combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel for thymic carcinoma. Antiangiogenic agents are also used in the second-line setting, possibly sequenced or combined with ICIs. With the latter, comprehensive assessment for autoimmune disorders is advised, with subsequent close clinical and biological monitoring. Precision medicine strategies may be implemented with comprehensive genomic profiling and use of targeted agents. Multidisciplinary tumor board is key to optimize the treatment pathway for patients with metastatic thymic epithelial tumors, with a need for prospective studies assessing the best combination strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"906-914"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12328473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}