Current Oncology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Non-Invasive Assessment Across the Continuum.","authors":"Pengcheng Ji, Wenjun Luo, Lulu Cheng, Zhengguo Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11912-026-01843-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-026-01843-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) is a key determinant of surgical candidacy, locoregional therapy safety, and systemic treatment outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet its non-invasive assessment remains challenging because the Baveno criteria were derived in HCC-free cirrhosis. This review synthesises current evidence on non-invasive tests (NITs) for CSPH across the HCC care continuum, organised around three clinical scenarios: pre-operative assessment, on-treatment monitoring, and pre-immunotherapy evaluation.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Liver stiffness-based Baveno rule-out retains value in early HCC but can miss haemodynamically confirmed CSPH in up to 23% of patients with favourable criteria. Spleen stiffness and imaging surrogates offer higher specificity, and longitudinal NIT monitoring is emerging as a need during locoregional and systemic therapy, which themselves can modify portal pressure. Real-world data report variceal bleeding in about 7% of patients receiving atezolizumab-bevacizumab, supporting variceal screening before anti-angiogenic treatment. AI-based multimodal models show promise in cirrhosis but lack HCC-specific validation. A scenario-based NIT strategy integrating liver stiffness, spleen stiffness, imaging collaterals, and selective HVPG measurement can guide CSPH assessment from surgical candidacy through systemic treatment. HCC-specific thresholds, longitudinal validation, and randomised evaluation of NSBB prophylaxis during immunotherapy are the highest-priority research areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actinomycetota-Derived Metabolites in Pancreatic Cancer: Chemical Diversity, Metabolic Vulnerability, and Translational Barriers.","authors":"Daynara da Silva Pereira Lima, Marcelly da Silveira Silva, Moisés da Rocha Soares, Lucas Evangelista Lima Terceiro, Natanael Teles Ramos de Lima, Genil Dantas de Oliveira, Thalisson Amorim de Souza, Valnês Silva Rodrigues-Junior, Samuel Paulo Cibulski","doi":"10.1007/s11912-026-01842-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-026-01842-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains among the deadliest malignancies worldwide, and effective therapies are still lacking. Actinomycetota are among the richest microbial sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, and three agents in clinical use against pancreatic malignancy derive from them - streptozotocin, everolimus and doxorubicin - though all three are indicated for neuroendocrine rather than ductal tumors. This review provides a critical narrative synthesis of Actinomycetota-derived metabolites evaluated in pancreatic cancer models, with every potency value re-derived from the primary literature and interpreted alongside assay conditions and available mechanistic and in vivo evidence.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Fifty-two compounds from 25 primary reports encompass polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, depsipeptides, RiPPs, alkaloids, ionophores and hybrid scaffolds. Rather than a simple ranking of increasingly potent cytotoxins, the literature poses a sharper question about selectivity. Two compounds are conditionally active: kigamicin D only under nutrient deprivation and BE-43547A₂ only under hypoxia, exploiting the metabolic state that defines the disease rather than any intrinsic difference between malignant and normal cells. Both were recovered by screens built to detect that behavior, and neither has been shown to hold a therapeutic window in vivo. Separately, thiogochangamide B retains activity in gemcitabine-resistant models, while trienomycin A binds STAT3 directly, suppresses proliferation across eight pancreatic lines, achieves 84-98% tumor growth inhibition in xenografts at doses producing no detectable toxicity, and distributes preferentially to pancreatic tissue. Conditional activity is best read as a hypothesis about how such compounds should be sought rather than as an established route to selectivity. Despite remarkable chemical diversity, translation remains constrained by the limited use of normal-cell controls, predictive biomarkers and clinically relevant preclinical models. Screens conducted in nutrient-replete, normoxic monolayer culture will systematically miss compounds of this kind. Future efforts should prioritize compounds that exploit the metabolic liabilities of pancreatic cancer rather than pursuing greater cytotoxic potency.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minoxidil and Prostaglandin Analogs for Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Yohei Iimura, Tomoya Yokota, Hironobu Hashimoto, Seiichiro Kuroda","doi":"10.1007/s11912-026-01841-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-026-01841-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is common, distressing, and markedly impairs patients' quality of life. Although scalp cooling is the only approved preventive strategy, its effectiveness and accessibility remain limited. Therefore, alternative pharmacologic approaches, such as minoxidil and prostaglandin analogs, have been explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review aimed to explore the available evidence on minoxidil's efficacy and safety and the potential role of prostaglandin analogs in alopecia. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medical Online, and Ichushi-Web were comprehensively searched from inception to February 2026. Studies evaluating minoxidil in CIA and prostaglandin analogs in any alopecia type were included. Case reports, case series, and non-human studies were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies were included. Five studies evaluated minoxidil in CIA, including two randomized controlled trials and three retrospective studies on prophylactic and therapeutic use, respectively. Prophylactic topical minoxidil did not markedly prevent CIA but was associated with earlier hair regrowth. In contrast, therapeutic use-particularly of oral minoxidil-improved hair density and treatment response. No serious adverse events were reported, although cardiovascular effects remain a concern with oral formulations. Two randomized controlled trials evaluated prostaglandin analogs in non-chemotherapy-related alopecia and showed markedly improved hair density and regrowth. However, no study directly assessed their efficacy in CIA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Minoxidil may be beneficial for hair regrowth in CIA but shows limited preventive efficacy. Prostaglandin analogs are promising but untested in this setting. Future studies should evaluate their role, particularly in combination with minoxidil, to address the current evidence gap and improve outcomes for patients with CIA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating the Crosstalk Between Unfolded Protein Response and Ferroptosis to Cancer Therapies.","authors":"P M Quan Mai, Arundhati Shandilya, Sai Kumar Samala, Tam-Anh Truong, Prudhvi Chand Mallepaddi, Prapannajeet Biswal, Bhoomika Muruvekere Lakshmisha, Geraldine Vijay, Lydia Wt Cheung, Sunil Krishnan","doi":"10.1007/s11912-026-01840-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-026-01840-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To survive the proteotoxic and oxidative stress that are prototypical of rapidly multiplying cells, cancer cells must successfully navigate two existential threats: the danger of protein misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum and the peril of iron-catalyzed peroxidation of membrane lipids. Over the past few decades, the cellular responses to these pressures have been studied independently. This review underscores emerging evidence coupling two erstwhile distinct cellular processes: (i) the unfolded protein response (UPR) that acts as a guardian of proteostasis and a crucial metabolic rheostat, through its three arms (IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6) and (ii) ferroptosis that leads to cell death due to iron-dependent accumulation of lethal levels of lipid peroxides.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Multiple intersections between UPR and ferroptosis control the fate of cells, with a well-compensated UPR response leading to cell survival whereas an overwhelmed UPR response routing cells to ferroptosis, depending on cellular contexts such as the expression of antioxidant enzymes, the composition of membrane lipids, and the bioavailability of catalytic iron. The crosstalk has been shown to occur at different hierarchical levels, from shared upstream stress signals to convergent signaling cascades and downstream transcriptional networks. Preclinical drug-response profiles and mechanistic studies provide compelling evidence that combining UPR modulation with ferroptosis induction may represent viable cancer therapies. Investigation of the molecular determinants and context dependence of the UPR-ferroptosis axis will be critical for developing rational combination strategies toward clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventional Management of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis: Are There Differences Between East and West?","authors":"Rong Yan, Tong Sun, Jian Lu, Gao-Jun Teng","doi":"10.1007/s11912-026-01834-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-026-01834-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review summarizes current evidence on interventional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT), compares the treatment strategies between East and West, and proposes a practical framework for patient selection in the immunotherapy era of HCC.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Although systemic therapy remains the primary treatment for advanced HCC with PVTT, selected interventional therapies may provide additional value in carefully chosen patients with preserved liver function, liver-dominant disease, anatomically targetable PVTT, and adequate or reconstructable portal venous flow. Interventional options include transarterial chemoembolization, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, transarterial radioembolization/selective internal radiation therapy, radiotherapy, portal vein stenting, and iodine-125 seed-based endovascular brachytherapy. Eastern and Western practice patterns differ mainly in the threshold for locoregional intensification, technical platform availability, and interpretation of the available evidence. Eastern and Western approaches increasingly share the principle that systemic therapy is the treatment backbone for advanced HCC with PVTT. The key clinical question is how interventional therapy should be integrated for selected patients rather than whether it should replace systemic therapy. Optimal management should be individualized through multidisciplinary decision-making based on PVTT extent, portal venous flow, liver function, intrahepatic and extrahepatic tumor burden, treatment goals, and institutional expertise. Future studies should standardize reporting of PVTT classification, portal vein patency, collateral circulation, liver reserve, tumor distribution, systemic therapy context, and treatment sequencing.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the Epigenetic-Immune Axis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Advances and Future Directions.","authors":"Devangi Ghosh, Mohd Ayoub, Surajit Karmakar, Subhasree Roy Choudhury","doi":"10.1007/s11912-026-01831-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-026-01831-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exemplifies how malignant transformation can be driven by both epigenetic deregulation and genetic mutation. Aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodelling cooperate to block myeloid differentiation, sustain leukemic self-renewal, and promote immune evasion. This review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic dysregulation in AML and highlights recent advances in epigenetic and immune-based therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent studies have identified multiple druggable epigenetic regulators, including DNA methyltransferases, TET dioxygenases, histone methyltransferases and demethylases, and histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases. These discoveries have led to the development of hypomethylating agents, mutant IDH1/2 inhibitors, menin-MLL and DOT1L antagonists, EZH2 and LSD1 inhibitors, and class-specific HDAC inhibitors, several of which are approved or undergoing advanced clinical evaluation. Beyond reprogramming leukemic transcriptional networks, epigenetic therapies also remodel the immune microenvironment by influencing antigen presentation and immune checkpoint pathways, providing a rationale for combination approaches with antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell or NK-cell engagers, aptamer-directed therapeutics, vaccines, and CAR-T/NK cell therapies targeting CD33, CD123, FLT3, CLL-1, and other AML-associated antigens. The integration of epigenetic modulation with immunotherapeutic and precision medicine approaches represents a promising strategy to overcome disease heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance in AML. By bridging mechanistic insights with translational advances, clinical trial evidence, and emerging patent landscapes, this review highlights epigenetic dysregulation as both a fundamental driver of leukemogenesis and a clinically actionable therapeutic interface that may enable more rational treatment sequencing and personalized AML management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Mechanisms of Chemoresistance in Gastric Cancer: Insights and Emerging Research Strategies.","authors":"Benshuai You, Yun Xu, Yang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11912-026-01837-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-026-01837-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer death globally. Platinum‑based drugs, fluoropyrimidines, and docetaxel are standard for advanced disease, but intrinsic and acquired resistance limit the efficacy. This review summarizes chemoresistance mechanisms, focusing on the roles of various cell death pathways in GC chemoresistance, as well as the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in modulating drug resistance through multiple regulatory mechanisms. We also describe models for establishing resistant cell lines (stepwise dose escalation, high-dose intermittent pulse selection, gene transfection).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Emerging evidence has identified intricate crosstalk among apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis in chemoresistant GC cells. Aberrant expression of Bcl‑2 family members, protective autophagic flux, and suppression of ferroptosis (e.g., via SLC7A11/GPX4) are key drivers. Concurrently, ncRNAs particularly microRNAs, long non‑coding RNAs, and circular RNAs have been shown to modulate resistance by targeting death‑related genes, altering drug efflux, or reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. Preclinical agents that modulate ferroptosis or ncRNA expression demonstrate promising chemosensitizing effects. Collectively, the interplay between cell death pathways and the ncRNA regulatory networks profoundly influences chemoresistance in GC. Deciphering these mechanisms offers a theoretical basis for developing biomarkers and combination strategies that overcome resistance, ultimately improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Cancer Treatment On Oral Structures and the Facial Part of the Skull - Implications for Prosthetic Treatment and Oncological Risk.","authors":"Magdalena Kwiatkowska, Łucja Walczak, Bartosz Twarowski, Marlena Pawłaszek, Joanna Rokosz-Mierzwa, Monika Lejman","doi":"10.1007/s11912-026-01819-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-026-01819-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This study aims to identify complications and difficulties in oncology patients undergoing dental implant osseointegration, considering the impact of treatment on the microarchitecture of the craniofacial region, the oral cavity microbiome, and oral cavity inflammation.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies significantly affect the condition of bones, mucous membranes, and soft tissues, and consequently the possibilities and limitations of prosthetic rehabilitation. Chemotherapy significantly affects calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It has been observed that there is an increased risk of fractures, as well as changes in their microarchitecture, and a reduction in the resorption of biomaterials after transplantation has been observed, impairing bone repair in critical defects. These changes may also affect the processes of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and lead to osteoblast cell apoptosis. The impact of therapy on the oral microbiota, as well as on increased inflammation and oxidative stress in the oral cavity, is also significant. These changes can lead to difficulties in implant osteointegration, as well as opportunistic infections, which reduce the patient's prognosis for implant acceptance. Complications after implantation in oncology patients may include inflammation of the mucosa around the implant and inflammation of the tissues around the implant, soft tissue ulceration, marginal bone loss, and partial loss of osseointegration. Due to the complexity of the processes occurring in the oral cavity of oncology patients, prosthetic treatment planning should be interdisciplinary and involve an oncologist, surgeon, prosthodontist, and conservative dentist.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-Generation Sequencing in Translational Sarcoma Research: Biological Insights and Emerging Directions.","authors":"Alessandro De Vita, Sara Violani, Giacomo Miserocchi, Elena Xerxa, Jürgen Bajorath, Silvia Vanni","doi":"10.1007/s11912-026-01828-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-026-01828-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous malignancies for which molecular diagnostics increasingly complement histopathology, immunohistochemistry, FISH, and RT-PCR. This review summarizes the main research applications of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in sarcoma, with particular attention to mutation and variant discovery, fusion detection, biomarker development, assay validation, multi-omics integration, and the boundaries between exploratory research and clinical implementation.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>NGS-based approaches have expanded the detection of recurrent and rare alterations across sarcoma subtypes, including subtype-defining fusions, copy-number changes, actionable kinase rearrangements, and alterations in tumor suppressor and cell-cycle pathways. However, the clinical utility of NGS remains context-dependent and should be interpreted according to tumor subtype, sample quality, available orthogonal methods, multidisciplinary expertise, and current precision-oncology recommendations. NGS is a powerful tool in translational sarcoma research and, in selected clinical scenarios, supports diagnosis, molecular classification, and therapeutic decision-making. Its use should be presented with appropriate caution, acknowledging technical limitations, the need for expert reference-center interpretation, and the complementary role of established diagnostic techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13585967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Surveillance Strategies for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.","authors":"Rong Zhang, Xiaozhong Chen, Caineng Cao","doi":"10.1007/s11912-026-01830-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-026-01830-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor characterized by a distinct geographical distribution. Effective surveillance is crucial for the early detection of recurrence or metastasis and for improving patient prognosis.This review systematically examines current NPC follow-up protocols and recent developments to inform individualized precision surveillance.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>This review focuses on two main aspects. 1) We compare and analyze current major NPC follow-up guidelines, with key discussions covering follow-up frequency, imaging modalities (including magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and positron emission tomography [PET]), plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBV-DNA) monitoring, and functional assessments. 2)We elaborate on the application prospects and research progress of genomics, radiomics, and artificial intelligence in NPC surveillance. Studies suggest that risk-stratified, individualized follow-up strategies, such as those based on conditional survival models, can enhance the cost-effectiveness of surveillance. Additionally, emerging technologies, including radiomics and artificial intelligence, show promise for improving recurrence risk assessment, prognostic stratification, and individualized surveillance in NPC. Concurrently, advances in genomics and radiomics offer new opportunities for predicting complications and guiding treatment adjustments. Future efforts should focus on integrating multidisciplinary expertise to develop dynamic monitoring systems that enable precise follow-up and ultimately improve patient survival outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}