Current Oncology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Current Treatment Landscape and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.","authors":"Kelly Pan, A Maria Vromans, Liang Cheng, Jane M Grant-Kels, Steven C Katz, Matthew J Hadfield","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01693-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01693-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma that is primarily driven by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and ultraviolet radiation. Due to its rarity and innocuous appearance on clinical exam, MCC diagnosis is often delayed and therefore diagnosed at advanced stages. Overall survival outcomes are poor and notably worse than melanoma, with an estimated five-year survival ranging from 35 to 60% for stage I or II disease to < 15% for metastatic disease. Our review examines the diagnostic workup, prognostic markers, and current and emerging treatments of MCC.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>For local disease in which surgical resection is feasible, tumor removal with potential adjuvant radiation therapy is the primary treatment modality. Immunotherapy with PD-1 / PD-L1 inhibitors is now standard for advanced disease where complete resection is not feasible. Additionally, there are many ongoing clinical trials examining novel immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulators, targeted therapies, cellular therapies, vaccines, and oncolytic virus therapies with the goal of improving outcomes for patients with advanced disease or those who experience recurrence after first-line immunotherapy. MCC is an aggressive disease with a rapidly evolving treatment landscape, and emerging therapies hold the potential to improve prognosis in advanced disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Management of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - A Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.","authors":"Ashley Crouch, Aysha Chaudhri, Sonya Khan, Maggie Ma, Ngoc Vu, William Towers","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01685-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01685-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Hypercalcemia of malignancy is one of the most common metabolic disorders in patients with cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This narrative review summarizes pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and therapies available for the management of hypercalcemia of malignancy in acutely ill adult patients.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We reviewed both classic and recent literature to provide practical recommendations for managing cancer-related hypercalcemia. Our findings are presented in the context of recently published societal guidelines. Timely identification and treatment of acute hypercalcemia of malignancy is vital. Understanding of the underlying disease processes and available therapies is needed to optimize patient care and healthcare resource utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Beyond CDK4/6 Inhibitors.","authors":"Philip D Tracy, Emily Bopp, Emily Milner, Ana C Garrido-Castro, Antonio Giordano, Erica L Mayer, Sara M Tolaney, Paolo Tarantino, Ilana Schlam","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01689-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01689-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Since the introduction of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) as the first-line treatment for metastatic hormone receptor (HR) positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer, there has been a significant expansion in the number of therapeutic options for subsequent lines of therapy. Many new agents are being studied, with potential for future regulatory approval. The increased number of therapeutic options raises questions about the optimal selection and sequencing of therapies for individual patients. These advances represent an important clinical challenge in this rapidly evolving field, given the introduction of new therapies targeting various pathways (alone or in combination) and new therapeutic classes being studied.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recently approved targeted therapies have demonstrated improvements in progression free survival (PFS) for patients whose cancer harbors mutations in the PI3K/AKT pathway, ESR1, BRCA1/2, and/or PALB2. Data to support continuation of CDK4/6 inhibition after progression on a prior CDK4/6i remains mixed, though some studies suggest a subset of patients may benefit from this approach. Several agents with unique mechanisms of action have shown promise in data from early phase trials, and have the potential to enter the treatment lexicon in the coming years. Examples include CDK2- and CDK4-selective inhibitors, complete estrogen receptor antagonists (CERANs), proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), and next-generation PI3K pathway inhibitors. In this narrative review, we summarize the current and upcoming treatments for metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer after progression on a CDK4/6i plus ET, with a focus on the following: an overview of first-line regimens of CDK4/6i plus ET and observed mechanisms of resistance; currently approved second-line therapy options; and upcoming options currently under exploration in clinical trials. We focus primarily on new therapy classes that may offer therapeutic options beyond currently available treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Management of Metastatic Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma.","authors":"Nicolas Girard","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01680-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01680-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Assess new options and best sequence or combination strategies for the treatment of metastatic thymic epithelial tumors.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Besides historical cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens, which remain standard-of-care for many patients with thymoma, new options include antiangiogenic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line setting combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel for thymic carcinoma. Antiangiogenic agents are also used in the second-line setting, possibly sequenced or combined with ICIs. With the latter, comprehensive assessment for autoimmune disorders is advised, with subsequent close clinical and biological monitoring. Precision medicine strategies may be implemented with comprehensive genomic profiling and use of targeted agents. Multidisciplinary tumor board is key to optimize the treatment pathway for patients with metastatic thymic epithelial tumors, with a need for prospective studies assessing the best combination strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Management of Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor.","authors":"Emanuela Palmerini, Jonathan C Trent, Francis John Hornicek","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01679-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01679-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor (D-TGCT) is a benign neoplasm with locally aggressive potential of the synovium, bursae, and tendon sheaths. This review summarizes the current treatment landscape for D-TGCT, with a focus on systemic therapies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Surgery is the primary treatment option for tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), but there is a high risk of recurrence and associated morbidity, particularly for patients with advanced D-TGCT. Systemic therapies targeting the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) have resulted in positive tumor response, improved function, and decreased symptoms. For an alternative to surgery, the CSF1R inhibitors pexidartinib and vimseltinib are approved in the United States for TGCT, and other CSF1R inhibitors are in clinical development. CSF1R inhibitors represent a significant evolution in therapeutic strategies for D-TGCT. The potential risks and benefits of available treatments should be carefully considered in collaboration with a bone tumor-experienced, multidisciplinary team to determine the best course of care. Increased D-TGCT awareness and support through patient advocacy groups have helped to reshape the patient journey.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imiquimod for Anal High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Niccolò Gallio, Mario Preti, Elena Casetta, Andreia Albuquerque, Pedro Vieira-Baptista, Fulvio Borella, Federica Bevilacqua, Camilla Cavallero, Massimiliano Mistrangelo, Alberto Revelli","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01675-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01675-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of imiquimod in Anal High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases (Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases) were searched from inception until December 2024 for articles reporting imiquimod as a treatment for anal HSIL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies were identified (2 randomized controlled trials and 3 prospective non-randomized studies), containing data on 126 men of have sex with men living with HIV with anal HSIL. Most studies contained significant bias which prevented direct comparison. Reported complete response (CR) rates ranged between 14.3-78.6%, and 21.4-67% partial response (PR) rates of 3-weekly application for 16 weeks imiquimod course. A second course of imiquimod led to incremental response (CR 15-23.8%, PR 19-30%). Perianal HSIL showed superior response rates compared to intra-anal lesions (perianal HSIL CR ranging from 71.4 to 100%, intra-anal HSIL CR from 10.8 to 33.3%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In our systematic review we summarized the literature regarding imiquimod use for anal HSIL treatment, both perianal/intra-anal. Imiquimod can be proposed as a safe treatment of anal HSIL, and perianal HSIL may benefit more from imiquimod treatment. However, anal HSIL recurrence rates were high, and there are no long-term data on its efficacy. No studies investigated the role of imiquimod in women or in HIV- patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Imiquimod can be proposed as a safe option for treatment of anal HSIL.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-of-the-art in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Treatment: A 2025 Update : How to treat Metastatic Uveal Melanoma in 2025.","authors":"Dimitrios C Ziogas, Dimitra Foteinou, Charalampos Theocharopoulos, Anastasios Martinos, Dioni-Pinelopi Petsiou, Amalia Anastasopoulou, Helen Gogas","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01684-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01684-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults, representing a rare but aggressive melanoma subtype with a distinct molecular landscape, unique metastatic behavior and limited therapeutic options in the metastatic setting. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest evidence on the evolving treatment landscape of metastatic UM.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>For liver-only metastatic disease, locoregional therapies provide significant benefit compared to systemic therapies. The recent approval of tebentafusp-tebn, a bispecific gp100 peptide-HLA-directed CD3 T-cell engager, marks a pivotal advancement for HLA-A*02:01-positive patients with unresectable/metastatic UM, demonstrating a clinically significant survival benefit. Several clinical studies are currently active, examining emerging locoregional and systemic treatments for metastatic UM, with promising early data. Despite effective local disease control through radiotherapy and enucleation, approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic disease, predominantly in the liver, with a median survival of less than one year. The approval of tebentafusp represents a landmark achievement in UM treatment, while promising experimental combinations have demonstrated clinical utility in late phase clinical trials, offering hope for further improvement in patient survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolving Role of PSMA-PET/CT in Prostate Cancer Management: an Umbrella Review of Diagnostic Restaging, Therapeutic Redirection, and Survival Impact.","authors":"Licheng Wang, Lizhun Wang, Xin'an Wang, Denglong Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01682-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01682-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review explores the clinical applications of PSMA-PET/CT in patients with intermediate to high-risk prostate cancer, focusing on its role in diagnostic reassessment, therapeutic redirection, and potential survival benefits. By evaluating its translational pathway, we aim to provide a structured analysis of its impact on patient management and treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Prostate cancer remains a significant health challenge, and advancements in imaging techniques such as PSMA-PET/CT have shown promise in improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding treatment decisions. Emerging evidence highlights its superior sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional imaging, facilitating better staging, detection of metastases, and therapy selection. However, challenges persist in standardizing clinical applications, integrating findings into treatment guidelines, and addressing economic considerations. This review synthesizes the latest research findings and cost-effectiveness analyses to establish a comprehensive translational framework for PSMA-PET/CT in prostate cancer management. By consolidating diverse evidence, we aim to provide the medical community with clearer insights into its clinical utility, address ongoing controversies, and propose strategies to minimize treatment risks. The conclusions drawn from this study aspire to refine treatment protocols and enhance clinical outcomes for patients with this prevalent malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Real-World Studies.","authors":"Leping Kong, Chin Hang Yiu, Christine Y Lu","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01676-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01676-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated significant efficacy in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, most evidence has come from clinical trials with strict eligibility criteria. Understanding real-world effectiveness and safety of ICIs in CRC is important to guide routine clinical practice across diverse populations.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted to identify observational studies evaluating ICI-based regimens compared to conventional or combination therapies in patients with CRC. Three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus) were searched from inception through March 15, 2025. Eligible studies reported at least one efficacy outcome (e.g., progression-free survival [PFS], overall survival [OS], etc.) and/or safety outcome (e.g., adverse events) among real-world populations with CRC treated with ICIs. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a narrative synthesis was performed to summarize the key findings. Eleven real-world studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing data from 2,049 patients. In MSI-H/dMMR metastatic CRC, real-world findings aligned with the survival benefits observed in clinical trials, demonstrating improved PFS and OS compared to conventional therapies. For MSS/pMMR metastatic CRC, combining ICIs with other agents (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitors or chemotherapy) showed improvements but yielded conflicting results. Overall, the safety profiles were comparable to conventional therapies, with treatment-related adverse events occurring at similar rates. Real-world evidence supports the efficacy of ICI monotherapy in MSI-H/dMMR metastatic CRC and suggests potential benefits of ICI-based combination therapies in MSS/pMMR metastatic CRC. However, most of the data are derived from small, single-center cohorts, which limit their generalizability. Further multi-center studies are needed, especially to assess the efficacy of ICI-based combination therapies in the broader CRC population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Transplant for Philadelphia-positive B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in 2025.","authors":"Vaibhav Agrawal, Paul Koller, Anthony Stein, Vinod Pullarkat, Ibrahim Aldoss","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01683-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01683-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review expands upon the evolving role of allo-HSCT, integrating current clinical evidence, emerging therapies, and novel risk-adapted strategies for managing adult with Ph + ALL in the contemporary era.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph +) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common genetically defined subtype of B-cell ALL. The treatment of Ph + ALL has witnessed significant advancements over the past two decades following the introduction of BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has long been a cornerstone treatment in adult patients with Ph + ALL, offering the most reliable disease curative potential, and the early use of TKIs has led to successfully transplanting more patients. Lately, the early introduction of more potent TKIs and blinatumomab have further reshaped the frontline treatment paradigm of Ph + ALL and resulted into improved outcomes even in the absence of transplant consolidation. Simultaneously, our ability to stratify disease risk has greatly enhanced with the advent of ultrasensitive measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment tools and the utilization of comprehensive disease molecular profiling, and thus, identifying lower risk patients who can be cured with non-transplant approaches. With evolving treatment options for Ph + ALL, the historical notion that allo-HSCT in first complete remission is essential to cure all adult patients with Ph + ALL is being challenged and the benefit of consolidation with transplant may extend to certain patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}