Current pharmaceutical design最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Multifaceted Metabolic Pathology and Mechanisms of NAFLD: A Bibliometric Analysis and an In-depth Review.","authors":"Xinyi Jiao, Haitao Wang, Rongrong Li, Tekleab Teka, Zhifei Fu, Haiyang Yu, Jie Li, Rui Su, Lifeng Han","doi":"10.2174/0113816128350055250224055446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128350055250224055446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, affecting about a quarter of the world's population. As the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome rises, NAFLD is projected to become the leading cause of cirrhosis in the coming years. NAFLD is a complex disease whose pathophysiology mainly focuses on metabolic dysfunction and intestinal microecological dysregulation. Shifts between free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism and cell damage could be of major interest in finding new therapeutic targets. However, current public understanding of these diseases remains limited. Based on bibliometrics and extensive studies, this study explored the mechanisms by which FFAs regulate the occurrence of NAFLD. This review not only focuses on the role of the vicious cycle derived from FFA metabolic disorders, ecological disorders, and liver damage immunity concerning diabetes mellitus type 2 and NAFLD but also discusses the mechanisms involved in them.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Non-coding RNAs as Key Modulators in Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury: Implications for Neuroprotection.","authors":"Ozal Beylerli, Elmar Musaev, Chunlei Wang, Tatiana Ilyasova","doi":"10.2174/0113816128367792250325061252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128367792250325061252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a complex and diverse group of transcripts, typically longer than 200 nucleotides, which do not encode proteins but play crucial roles in regulating gene expression. They exert their influence through various mechanisms, such as interacting with DNA, mRNA, and proteins, which allows them to modulate a wide array of biological processes. Recent studies have underscored the importance of lncRNAs in the development of the nervous system and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, particularly in the context of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, caused by reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain, is a leading cause of long-term neurological deficits. This review delves into the emerging role of lncRNAs in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, exploring how these non-coding RNAs influence critical molecular and cellular pathways involved in the brain's response to hypoxia-ischemia. Notable advancements, such as the identification of lncRNAs, like BC088414 and FosDT, highlight their dual roles as mediators of injury and potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss the feasibility of lncRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in translating lncRNA research into clinical applications. Issues, such as delivery mechanisms, off-target effects, and the ethical considerations surrounding gene modulation, must be addressed. By synthesizing current research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, paving the way for future research and novel therapeutic strategies targeting these non-coding RNAs in neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Brain Permeable Drugs and Novel Strategies to Overcome the Brain Barriers for Treatment Purposes.","authors":"Aparna Chauhan, Smita Jain","doi":"10.2174/0113816128386983250410092649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128386983250410092649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p> The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), a dynamic and highly selective interface, regulates the exchange of molecules between the circulatory system and the Central Nervous System (CNS). While it protects the brain from toxins and pathogens, it also restricts the delivery of therapeutic agents, posing a significant challenge in treating CNS disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and glioblastoma. This manuscript explores the structural and functional complexity of the BBB, including the roles of tight junctions, adherens junctions, astrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells. It highlights the influence of drug physicochemical properties, such as lipophilicity, molecular weight, and hydrogen bonding, on BBB penetration. Current strategies to enhance drug delivery include nanotechnology-based carriers (liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymer-based carriers), receptor-mediated transcytosis, and cell-penetrating peptides. Emerging approaches like focused ultrasound with microbubbles, intranasal delivery, and exosome-mediated transport demonstrate significant potential for bypassing BBB constraints. Gene therapy, employing both viral and nonviral vectors, offers promise for addressing genetic CNS disorders. Despite advances, limitations, such as offtarget effects, limited delivery efficiency, and potential toxicity, remain critical barriers to clinical translation. Future research must prioritize multidisciplinary approaches integrating nanotechnology, personalized medicine, and enhanced understanding of BBB biology. Innovations in non-invasive, targeted delivery systems are essential to overcoming existing challenges and enabling effective treatment of CNS disorders. This review underscores the need for further exploration of these technologies to achieve sustained, site-specific drug delivery, thereby advancing therapeutic interventions for neurological diseases. Significance Statement: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical interface that protects the brain but limits drug delivery, posing challenges in treating CNS disorders. Advancing multidisciplinary approaches and innovative delivery systems is essential to overcome these limitations and enable effective therapies for neurological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Sour Jujube Kernel-five-flavour Berry in the Treatment of Insomnia based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.","authors":"Changlin Zhou, Haozhi Chen, Wen Li, Lili Yang, Li Zeng, Yaoyao Bian","doi":"10.2174/0113816128356734250322041738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128356734250322041738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of insomnia is increasing annually worldwide. Most Western tranquilisers have side effects, such as strong dependence and notable withdrawal reactions. The sour jujube kernel and five-flavour berry can calm the mind and improve sleep, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the active ingredients and mechanism of action of the sour jujube kernel-fiveflavour berry pair in treating insomnia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The chemical compositions and targets of sour jujube kernels and five-flavoured berries were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, Pub- Chem, and PharmMapper. Insomnia disease targets were screened using the GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and Therapeutic Target Database. We constructed shared target data for topological analysis and network construction using the STRING database and the Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology functional and metabolic pathway analyses were performed using the DAVID database and validated through molecular docking using AutoDock and PyMOL software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study demonstrated that the sour jujube kernel and five-flavour berry combination primarily addresses insomnia through the activity of eight hub genes: ALB, CASP3, DRD1, ESR1, MAOB, NOS3, SLC6A3, and SLC6A4. Molecular docking simulations showed that jujuboside A exhibited robust docking to these hub genes, whereas longikaurin A showed a strong binding affinity with ALB and ESR1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We establish a theoretical foundation for further experimental studies, which may lead to the application of sour jujube kernel in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Human Microbiome for Innovative Drug Delivery Systems: Exploring Pharmacomicrobiomics and Targeted Therapies.","authors":"Manisha S Jain, Samathoti Prasanthi, Nirmala Devi Bommala, Prakash Goudanavar, N Raghavendra Naveen","doi":"10.2174/0113816128354250250326045943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128354250250326045943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human gut microbiome has emerged as a crucial component of health and disease, presenting novel opportunities for the development of drug delivery systems based on microbiome interactions. This paper explores advanced strategies utilizing microorganisms, engineered bacteria, viruses, and bacteria-encapsulated nanoparticles as next-generation therapeutic vehicles. Focusing on analytical approaches to phage therapy and bio-hybrid bacteria for targeted drug delivery, the article highlights recent breakthroughs in colon-specific targeting for gastrointestinal disorders. The study also delves into the emerging field of pharmacomicrobiomics, with an emphasis on applications in cancer, cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous system treatments, specifically targeting key drug classes such as ACE inhibitors, proton-pump inhibitors, and NSAIDs. Challenges related to cytotoxicity and toxicity are addressed, offering proposals for safer therapeutic applications. This review underscores the transformative potential of the microbiome in personalized medicine and targeted drug delivery, with a focus on its integration with advanced technologies to optimize therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Hot Melt Extrusion from Process to Product with Methodologies and Drug-Delivery Applications: A Review.","authors":"Praveen Halagali, Mahalaxmi Rathnanand, Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala","doi":"10.2174/0113816128357733250324054151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128357733250324054151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the pharmaceutical industry, hot-melt extrusion (HME) has become a cutting-edge production process. Compared to conventional procedures, HME is a solvent-free approach that offers numerous applications, cost-effectiveness, and continuous manufacturing. Studying the formulation and process characteristics should be prioritized in order to satisfy requirements. Many distinct dosage forms for different purposes can be formulated by altering the equipment design and a few processing parameters. For the intended outcome, the HME process must run smoothly and continuously. In this regard, pre-formulation study plays a main role in selecting the carrier, drug, and other required excipients. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of various equipment parts, HME materials and processes, formulation development, and HME in the delivery of drugs. It also highlights the applications and patents of HME.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytosomes: Advancing Herbal Medicine Through Innovative Integration.","authors":"Ankit Kumar Yadav, Raj Kamal, Vijay Agarwal, Pankaj Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0113816128347309250320061045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128347309250320061045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytosomes are innovative lipid-viable complexes that combine phospholipids with standardized plant extracts or phytoconstituents to enhance absorption and bioavailability. This research underscores the historical importance of medicinal plants in traditional healing, especially in developing countries, highlighting the global impact of this study. The study explores the complex processes behind phytosome technology, detailing their structure, formation, and biological attributes. Phytosomes offer significant benefits, such as improved bioavailability and absorption rates, which can enhance therapeutic effectiveness. The research also touches on cutting-edge methods for phytosome formulation and evaluation, indicating ongoing advancements in this field. This comprehensive overview serves as a crucial resource, integrating insights into phytosomes and their potential to improve the delivery and efficacy of herbal remedies. Phytosomes represent a modern frontier in herbal medicine, bridging traditional practices with contemporary scientific innovation. By encapsulating plant-derived compounds within phospholipid bilayers, researchers are paving the way for more effective natural therapies. The focus on bioavailability addresses a critical challenge in herbal medicine, where the body's ability to absorb active compounds often limits therapeutic outcomes. The historical context adds depth, emphasizing the enduring relevance of plants in global health practices. Additionally, mentioning novel formulation techniques and evaluation methods suggests a dynamic field rich with possibilities. Phytosomes have the potential to revolutionize herbal medicine, offering a glimpse into a promising approach that could enhance the effectiveness of natural remedies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticles as Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment: Current Status and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Kai Bin Liew, Hiu Ching Phang, Vinie Ying Xuan Tan, Phei Er Kee, Long Chiau Ming, Palanirajan Vijayarajkumar Kumar, Siew-Keah Lee, A B M Helal Uddin, Ritu M Gilhotra, Arya Kadukkattil Ramanunny","doi":"10.2174/0113816128368718250320060346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128368718250320060346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, demanding innovative therapeutic approaches to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising tools for cancer therapy due to their unique physicochemical properties that enable targeted drug delivery, reduced systemic toxicity, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review delves into the mechanisms of NP-based drug delivery, highlighting both passive and active targeting strategies. It categorizes and discusses diverse NP types, including polymeric, lipid-based, and metallic nanoparticles, emphasizing their applications in enhancing the bioavailability and specificity of anticancer agents. This review also explores the integration of advanced technologies, such as theranostics and artificial intelligence, to optimize NP design and functionality for personalized medicine. However, challenges remain, including issues related to toxicity, drug resistance, and manufacturing scalability. Addressing these barriers requires interdisciplinary research focused on developing stimuli-responsive NPs, improving biocompatibility, and incorporating multimodal therapeutic platforms. Although substantial progress has been made, this review is limited by the paucity of clinical trials validating NP efficacy and safety in diverse patient populations. Future endeavors should prioritize translational research to bridge the gap between preclinical innovations and clinical applications, ensuring that these transformative technologies benefit a broader spectrum of cancer patients. The review underscores the immense potential of NPs in redefining cancer treatment while advocating for sustained research to address existing limitations and unlock their full therapeutic promise.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Metabolomics and Proteomics to Decipher Simiao Pill Improving Lipid Homeostasis through PTGES3-mediated Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in AIA Model.","authors":"Ying Cai, Sifan Guo, Chunsheng Lin, Yan Wang, Chao Wang, Zhibo Wang, Dandan Xie, Yu Guan, Shi Qiu, Hui Dong, Aihua Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0113816128374077250410042947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128374077250410042947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Simiao Pill (SMP) has been demonstrated to suppress inflammation and modulate immune function, thereby influencing the onset and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nonetheless, the specific molecular mechanisms and targets through which SMP mediates metabolic regulation and enhances immune function have yet to be fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we employed an integrated approach combining the analysis of dysregulated metabolites and proteins to identify, screen, and validate the metabolic regulatory targets of SMP in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats by using pseudotargeted metabolomics and 4D-DIA quantitative proteomics methodologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An AIA rat model was developed, and SMP was administered to AIA rats. Subsequently, assessments were conducted on paw edema, arthritis scores, histopathological changes and IL-1 β content of inflammatory factors in AIA rats. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was employed to analyze endogenous metabolites in the serum. Metabolic pathway and protein profile were performed on the biomarkers. The protein-lipidphenotype map for the SMP-treated rats was constructed and the primary target closely related to the metabolic regulation of SMP was further screened and verified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pseudotargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that SMP can mitigate the down-regulation of lipid levels in AIA rats. Pathway enrichment analysis identified arachidonic acid metabolism as the most significantly affected metabolic pathway and SMP was found to substantially ameliorate the dysregulation of this pathway in AIA rats. Subsequent protein profiling led to the identification of five key proteins, with noteworthy obvious corrective effects observed on Ptges3 and Alox15 due to SMP treatment. A comprehensive protein- lipid-phenotypic landscape of SMP-treated rats was analyzed for the specific molecular expressions associated with the arachidonic acid pathway. According to the correlation matrix of dysregulated metabolite/ protein, we found that Ptges3 was ranked as the primary target closely related to the metabolic regulation of SMP, a finding further validated through immunofluorescence staining in rat joint and synovial cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study confirmed that SMP exerts an anti-arthritic effect by modulating the arachidonic acid metabolic network via the Ptges3 protein in rat joints and human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. This finding offers a novel mechanistic insight into the pharmacological action of SMP in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats. It informs future research on the therapeutic potential of SMP in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of a Patented Chinese Herbal Medicine for Treating Hypothyroidism in In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer: A Combination of Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.","authors":"Chang Liu, Weihuan Hu, Tianyi Zhou, Jue Zhou, Fangfang Wang, Xiaoling Feng, Fan Qu","doi":"10.2174/0113816128364578250212094405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128364578250212094405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Qu's formula 6 (QUF6), a patented Chinese herbal medicine, is used to treat hypothyroidism in the context of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). This research aims to identify the potential bioactive components and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which QUF6 cures hypothyroidism during IVF-ET.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>To find the active components of QUF6, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and relevant literature were searched. GeneCards and other resources were used to find the targets associated with hypothyroidism and IVF-ET. Using Cytoscape software, the network of interactions was created between the targets and components, the proteinprotein interaction (PPI) network was built, and significant targets were verified. Afterward, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed on crucial targets. Finally, molecular docking and dynamic modeling were carried out to analyze the essential components and core targets of QUF6.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By creating an interaction network, it was discovered that 92 active components in QUF6 can operate on 25 disease-related targets, with quercetin and other components playing important pharmacodynamic roles. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1B (IL-1B), apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2), prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2), cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were the main targets for the therapy of hypothyroidism. The KEGG pathway enrichment study identified 91 signaling pathways, whereas the GO enrichment analysis identified 1608 entries. Through molecular docking and MD simulations, stable binding was identified between the top five active constituents and the top seven potential targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quercetin, beta-sitosterol, kaempferol, 7-ketocholesterol, and rehmapicrogenin were determined to be the active ingredients in QUF6. The potential mechanism of action for QUF6 may involve modulation of TNF, IL6, IL1B, BCL2, PTSG2, TP53, and EGF to regulate oxidative stress levels, inflammation responses, and apoptosis processes associated with hypothyroidism during IVF-ET.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}