Current pharmaceutical design最新文献

{"title":"Leveraging AI and Natural Compounds: Innovative Approaches in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Mohd Suhail, Mohammad Tarique, Shams Tabrez, Darshan Badal","doi":"10.2174/0113816128364693250117060342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128364693250117060342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver cancer, particularly Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), remains a significant global health challenge owing to its high incidence and position as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. HCC represents 75-85% of all liver cancer cases and ranks as the sixth most prevalent cancer globally. Several factors, including late-stage diagnosis, limited treatment effectiveness, resistance to conventional therapies, and adverse side effects, hinder the delivery of life-prolonging care to patients with HCC. Current treatment options such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and adjuvant therapy are often associated with severe side effects. Consequently, there is an urgent need for improved diagnostic methods and alternative therapeutic approaches to extend life expectancy and reduce HCC-related mortalities. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that offers promising advances for the early detection of HCC. In terms of alternative treatments, natural compounds have garnered significant attention because of their diverse biological activities, such as antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, and cardioprotective effects, and their relatively lower side effect profiles. These compounds exhibit hepatoprotective properties by modulating key molecular pathways involved in HCC development and progression. This article provides an overview of recent advances in the understanding of liver cancer etiology, therapeutic targets in HCC pathogenesis, the role of AI in its detection, and the potential of natural products, particularly flavonoids, as preventive and therapeutic agents against HCC, highlighting their underlying mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential Mechanisms of Zuo Gui Pill for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Techniques.","authors":"Yulin Wang, Jiahao Zhang, Junzheng Liu, Tun Liu, Jiaxin Zhao, Yiling Guo, Xinyi Zhang, Wei Wang","doi":"10.2174/0113816128330436250210052548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128330436250210052548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zuo Gui pill (ZGP) is a herbal compound formulation used to treat knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to initially elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ZGP in treating KOA using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected information on the drug compounds and targets from TCMSP, HERB, BATMANTCM, and UniProt databases, as well as the KOA-related targets from DisGeNET, GeneCards, OMIM, and GEO databases. Afterward, we obtained the hub targets of ZGP and KOA. The biological processes and major pathways of the hub targets were analyzed by GO and KEGG, and three networks were constructed to illustrate the mechanisms of ZGP for the treatment of KOA. Finally, molecular docking was carried out to verify the binding of the main compounds to the key targets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through the network pharmacological analysis, we screened important compounds in ZGP, such as quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, isorhamnetin, and 138 hub targets, including PTGS2, NOS3, AKT1, MAPK1, which are enriched in PI3K-Akt, MAPK, TNF, IL-17, HIF-1, and other signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that the main compounds and key targets have high affinity, which further demonstrated the molecular mechanisms and provided a basis for the clinical application of ZGP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study illustrates the specific mechanisms of ZGP in the treatment of KOA using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, which lays the foundation for further research on its pharmacological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advancement in Drug Targeting Therapies in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer.","authors":"Ranjit K Harwansh, Junainah Abd Hamid, Pranay Wal, Rohitas Deshmukh, Pratap Kumar Patra, Amin Gasmi","doi":"10.2174/0113816128334659241223113743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128334659241223113743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective of the study: </strong>This review aims to critically analyze the scope for targeting drugs towards the treatment of improving outcomes in PDAC, focusing on DNA repair inhibitors, antiangiogenic therapy, inhibitors of the KRAS pathway, anti-stromal, and nanoparticle-based therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A critical review of preclinical and clinical studies was conducted to summarize the therapeutic interventions that target specific mutations in PDAC, components of the tumor microenvironment, and drug delivery systems, especially nanotechnology, to enhance targeting and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inhibitors and nanotechnology-based targeted therapies have reported promise in preclinical models: drug delivery is enhanced with the loss of PDAC resistance mechanisms. Formulations and combinations targeting KRAS as well as other pathways point toward improved drug delivery over 'orthodox' treatment approaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review concludes that although improvement in therapies for PDAC has incrementally been proven in recent literature, however, more research is expected to enhance these approaches so that they can be applied appropriately at the clinical stage. In future studies, it is expected to optimize treatment combinations, address mechanisms of resistance, and improve the delivery of drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Melanoma Brain Metastases.","authors":"Sabi Shrestha, Charles M Cook, Jay Parekh, Jane Mattei","doi":"10.2174/0113816128340742250118150157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128340742250118150157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melanoma brain metastases (MBM) are associated with poor prognosis and remain a significant challenge in oncology. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MBM. Advances in targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have significantly improved patient survival. This study presents an overview of the current landscape of treatment approaches and emerging modalities for MBM treatment, highlighting recent advancements and future directions for research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of H2 Therapy in Reducing Surgical Complications: A Review on Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Anti-fibrotic Mechanisms.","authors":"Marzieh Neykhonji, Abdulridha Mohammed Al-Asady, Amir Avan, Majid Khazaei, Seyed Mahdi Hassanian","doi":"10.2174/0113816128354067250211052237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128354067250211052237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review demonstrates the potential role of hydrogen in post-surgical adhesion prevention and calls for further investigation of its molecular pathways, as well as clinical studies to assess its efficacy and safety in a therapeutic setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed and Google Scholar were extensively queried to investigate the potential role of hydrogen in preventing post-surgical adhesions and its underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular hydrogen exhibits selective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties, holding potential for the treatment and prevention of various disorders, including acute pancreatitis, respiratory diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion damage conditions, among others. Postoperative adhesion is associated with chronic pain, organ dysfunction, and acute complications, fundamentally rooted in inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The surgical injury initiates an inflammatory response characterized by immune cell mobilization and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, thereby promoting adhesion formation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hydrogen is demonstrated to attenuate the early inflammatory response by down-regulating proinflammatory cytokines alongside its anti-oxidative and anti-fibrotic effects. As a potential therapeutic agent for post-surgical adhesions, hydrogen warrants additional investigation to elucidate the exact molecular pathways responsible for its observed efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico and In vitro Analysis of Coniferin Mediates Apoptosis by Intervening the PTGS2/Apoptosis Pathway to Alleviate Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Mei-Feng Shi, Xiao-Na Ma, Fang-Shu Zou, Wei Feng, Qiang Xu","doi":"10.2174/0113816128358952241220184047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128358952241220184047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Liquidambaris Fructus (LF), a prevalent Chinese medicinal herb, has been effectively utilized in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Coniferin, is the active ingredient in LF, and there is a paucity of research examining its potential anti-RA properties. This study employs in silico analysis and experimental validation to delve into the therapeutic potential of Coniferin against RA and to elucidate its mechanism of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In silico Analysis was employed to construct a drug-disease target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, to perform Functional enrichment analysis, and to molecular docking of the principal compounds and target proteins. Subsequently, the effects of coniferin on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of rheumatoid arthritis - Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) were observed using a CCK8 assay and Transwell assay. ELISA was employed to detect the inflammatory response of RA-FLSs in coniferin. Flow cytometry was utilized to detect the effects of coniferin on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential in RA-FLSs. Ultimately, the expression of pivotal proteins and apoptosis markers within the PTGS2/Apoptosis signaling pathway was discerned through the utilization of Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was observed that coniferin promotes apoptosis of RA-FLSs through the PTGS2/Apoptosis signaling pathway and inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RA-FLSs, with anti-inflammatory, oxidative stress-reducing, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The potential mechanism of coniferin for the treatment of RA is to promote apoptosis of RAFLSs by intervening in the PTGS2/apoptosis signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of NETosis in Diabetic Wound Healing.","authors":"Md Sadique Hussain, Ajay Singh Bist, Gaurav Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0113816128374794250222185119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128374794250222185119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production, Characterization, and Molecular Dynamic Study of Antidiabetic and Antioxidative Peptides of Fermented Cheese Whey with Anti-inflammatory Properties using Limosilactobacillus fermentum.","authors":"Bhagyashree Das, Bethsheba Basaiawmoit, Amar Ashok Sakure, Ruchika Maurya, Mahendra Bishnoi, Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi, Bipransh Kumar Tiwary, Pooja Mounil Mankad, Ashish Patel, Subrota Hati","doi":"10.2174/0113816128350545241231161241","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113816128350545241231161241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aims to valorise cheese whey waste by converting it into bioactive peptides that have several health benefits, potentially leading to the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods and also used in pharmaceutical industry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study evaluates the antidiabetic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties of fermented cheese whey with Limosilactobacillus fermentum (M4), along with the production of antioxidative and antidiabetic peptides. SDS PAGE and 2D PAGE were also performed to identify proteins by molecular weight and isoelectric point, while RP-HPLC distinguished peptide fractions. Peptide sequences from 2D gel spots were identified using RPLC/MS, and RP-HPLC analyzed 3 kDa and 10 kDa permeates. Peakview software characterized the LC/MS results, and FTIR analysis measured structural changes in bioactive peptides.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The antioxidative and antidiabetic properties in cheese whey fermented with M4 showed a progressive growth over extended incubation periods, higher effects were observed after fermentation for 48 hours. Inhibitory activities in α-glucosidase, α-amylase & lipase were found to be 65.39%, 66.09%, and 56.74% respectively. ABTS assay was performed to measure antioxidant activity (63.39%) and the highest proteolytic activity (7.62 mg/ml) was measured at 2.5% inoculation rate for 48 hours. In SDS-PAGE, protein bands between 10 & 30 kDa were observed, whereas peptide spots within the range of 10 to 70 kDa were also visualized on the 2D PAGE. RP-HPLC was used to distinguish different fractions of a peptide. Peptide sequences from 2D gel spots were identified using RP-HPLC & RPLC/MS. Peakview software was utilized to characterize the LC/MS results. Sequences of peptides generated from α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin were searched in the BIOPEP database to validate the antidiabetic and antioxidative activities of fermented cheese whey peptides. 0.50 mg/mL of fermented cheese whey significantly LPS suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines as well as the mediators that govern them including IL-6, IL-1β, NO, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells. FTIR was used to analysis of protein secondary structure and conformational changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study aims to the production of antidiabetic and antioxidative peptides from dairy waste, and cheese whey.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation, Optimization, and Ex vivo Permeation Study of Ritonavir-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles.","authors":"Prathap Madeswara Guptha, Narahari N Palei, Surendran Vijayaraj, Bibhash Chandra Mohanta, Vanangamudi Murugesan","doi":"10.2174/0113816128329768241230071303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128329768241230071303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ritonavir (RTV) is an antiviral drug that prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, it has low bioavailability, which can be improved with the assistance of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present work aimed to formulate and optimize RTV-loaded SLNs using Box-Behnken design and evaluate the permeability coefficient using ex vivo permeation studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RTV-SLNs were prepared using the ultrasonication technique. The SLN formulation was optimized based on particle size, % entrapment efficiency, and % cumulative drug release using response surface methodology resulting from Box-Behnken design. The Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies were carried out for the characterization of optimized SLN formulation. Ex vivo permeation studies were also performed using chicken ileum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized RTV-SLNs had a particle size of 270.34 nm, polydispersity index of 0.157, and zeta potential of -25.2 mV. The % entrapment efficiency and % cumulative drug release were found to be 94.33% and 67.13%, respectively. The FT-IR study revealed that SLNs showed no significant interactions between the drug and lipid in the formulation. The % crystalline index of the RTV-loaded SLN formulation was found to be 44.31% compared to the reference value of 100% for lipids. TEM analysis showed spherical nanoparticles that were uniform in shape. The release kinetics data demonstrated the drug release behavior, followed by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, and suggested that the release from SLNs followed the non-fiction diffusion. The permeability coefficient of optimized SLN formulation was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) more compared to free RTV suspension. The enhancement ratio results suggested that RTV-SLNs permeated significantly (p < 0.05) faster (approximately 3.5 times) as compared to free RTV suspension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The optimized RTV-SLNs could be a promising carrier for improving the oral bioavailability of RTV.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coptis chinensis Franch Relies on Berberine to Alleviate Stomach Heat Syndrome through the JAK2-STAT3-NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Amino Acid Metabolism Regulation.","authors":"Benye Wang, Yuhang Shu, JingJing Wang, Muhammad Farrukh Nisar, Chunli Wang, Guangzhong Wang, Kang Xu","doi":"10.2174/0113816128358507250102111154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128358507250102111154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stomach Heat Syndrome (SHS) arises from the excessive consumption of spicy and greasy foods, resulting in the infiltration of pathogens and increased gastric activity, ultimately culminating in gastric injury. Coptis chinensis Franch (CC), a frequently employed remedy in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for dampness elimination, fire purging, and detoxification, has been extensively utilized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the functional role and in-depth molecular mechanism of CC in treating SHS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CC Alcohol Extract (CCAE) was obtained and analyzed using HPLC. A rat model of SHS hemorrhagic lesions was established using a combination of 8% chili powder and 60% ethanol. After oral administration of CCAE, gastric histology, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels were evaluated. Further, the gene expressions of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed, respectively, using H&E staining, colorimetry, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry analyses. The network pharmacology in multiple databases, transcriptome sequencing, and non-targeted metabolomic analyses were used to identify signal pathways and molecular targets. Subsequent cellular and molecular experiments were also conducted to validate the mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrated that the CCAE administration effectively mitigated SHS symptoms in rats and reduced inflammatory cytokines levels and oxidative stress. Berberine (Bbr) was identified as the primary active component responsible for the anti-SHS effects of CC. Additionally, the multi-omics analysis revealed that Bbr primarily regulates amino acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, the TNF signaling pathway, and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore, Bbr was found to inhibit the phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT3, and p65.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CC alleviated SHS-related gastric disease by suppressing inflammatory responses and enhancing gastric mucosal function through the JAK2-STAT3-NF-κB signaling pathway and amino acid metabolism, with Bbr serving as the key component.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}