Current pharmaceutical design最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Driven Diagnosis, Prediction, and Management of Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD): A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Emerging Technologies.","authors":"Ankita Wal, Mekala Moorthy, Rakesh Verma, Ajay Kumar, Ladi Alik Kumar, Rajni Kant Panik, Rohini Karunakaran, Amin Gasmi","doi":"10.2174/0113816128453237260817113317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128453237260817113317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is a complicated endocrine-metabolic disorder affecting about one-quarter of women of reproductive age in the world and a major cause of infertility. This disorder is characterised by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities that pose challenges for timely diagnosis and management. Standardised criteria and symptom variability often limit traditional diagnostic strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in enhancing the diagnosis, prediction and management of PCOD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The systematic literature review was performed following PRISMA guidelines and included studies from 2021 to 2025. We reviewed more than 140 peer-reviewed publications in the clinical, biochemical, imaging, and multi-omics domains. The review covers machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), hybrid AI models, explainable AI (XAI), federated learning (FL), quantum machine learning (QML), Edge AI, and generative adversarial networks (GANs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrate the superior performance of ML, DL, and hybrid AI frameworks compared to conventional diagnostic methods in PCOD classification and prediction of metabolic and reproductive risks. XAI provided transparency into the model, and FL facilitated privacy-preserving sharing of data from multiple institutions. QML and integration of multi-omics showed promise for biomarker discovery. The challenges of limited datasets and real-time screening were addressed through GAN-based augmentation and Edge AI.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings underscore the growing clinical relevance of AI in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and facilitating personalised decision-making. However, routine clinical implementation is still hindered by limitations such as data heterogeneity and imbalance, limited external validation, and lack of standardised datasets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI-based methods present enormous potential to revolutionise the diagnosis and management of PCOD by providing accurate, interpretable, and personalised care. Future work should be based on large multicentre datasets, standardised validation protocols, and development of clinically interpretable models.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Multitarget Mechanisms and Translational Potential.","authors":"Fenghua Qu, Qin Yuan, Yulan Shi, Jing Zhang, Ding Yuan, Jian Yang","doi":"10.2174/0113816128482751260807095002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128482751260807095002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a diabetes-specific cardiac complication characterized by a complex network of pathogenic mechanisms and lacks effective drugs at present. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a holistic and multi-target therapeutic strategy; however, its clinical translation remains challenging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence and challenges associated with TCM for DCM, aiming to promote its clinical application and translation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Preclinical and clinical studies published between 2004 and 2026 were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data. The literature search was conducted using the following keywords: \"diabetic cardiomyopathy\", \"DCM\", \"traditional Chinese medicine\", \"Chinese herbal formulas\", and \"active components of Chinese herbs\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preclinical evidence has demonstrated that both TCM formulas and monomers exert significant cardioprotective effects in DCM. These agents act on multiple key pathogenic pathways, particularly by attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting fibrosis, alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress, and modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis, thereby effectively preventing cellular injury and death. However, clinical trials and evidence remain limited.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The multi-target therapeutic profile of TCM closely matches the multifactorial pathogenesis of DCM, representing a potential paradigm shift from conventional single-target interventions. Furthermore, high-quality trials of TCM in other cardiovascular disorders have demonstrated the feasibility of rigorous randomized and blinded study designs, providing a solid methodological foundation for future translational and clinical research on TCM-based therapies for DCM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TCM provides an innovative therapeutic strategy for DCM by simultaneously intervening in cascaded pathogenic pathways that single-target drugs fail to address adequately. Despite solid preclinical efficacy support, sufficient clinical verification is absent. Conducting high-quality translational research and multicenter randomized controlled trials is critical to translate laboratory outcomes into clinical practice and integrate TCM into standardized DCM treatment regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of a Novel Full-Interpenetrating Polymer Network-Based Hydrogel for Colon-Targeted Release of Ornidazole.","authors":"Subhash Vaghani, Daxaben Kothiya","doi":"10.2174/0113816128481487260817112706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128481487260817112706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ornidazole is an antiprotozoal and antibacterial agent used to treat intestinal infections. However, its clinical use is limited by modest first-pass metabolism and poor aqueous solubility. These characteristics make it a suitable candidate for incorporation into a pH-responsive interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel system for potential colon-targeted delivery. This study aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate chitosan-polyacrylic acid IPN composite hydrogels as carriers for ornidazole.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chitosan-polyacrylic acid IPN composite hydrogels incorporating ornidazole were prepared using N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agents. Polymer formation, drug entrapment, and drug-polymer interactions were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD). These analyses confirmed successful polymer formation and the absence of significant chemical alterations in the entrapped drug. The hydrogels were further evaluated for swelling behavior and in vitro drug release. Morphological changes before and after dissolution were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hydrogels exhibited a production yield of 86.39 ± 4.23% and drug loading of 92.39 ± 2.16%. They demonstrated pronounced pH-sensitive swelling behavior, showing minimal swelling under acidic conditions and rapid swelling in alkaline media. In vitro release studies indicated that drug release was dependent on hydrogel swelling and followed a biphasic release pattern with non-Fickian diffusion kinetics at higher pH values. SEM analysis of the optimized formulation revealed the formation of large, open channel-like pores after dissolution.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The synthesized chitosan-polyacrylic acid IPN hydrogels showed high production yield and drug loading with stable physicochemical characteristics. Their pH-dependent swelling and release behaviour confirmed minimal drug release in acidic media and enhanced release at intestinal/colonic pH. Formulation F9 was identified as the optimized formulation. FTIR, DSC, and XRD analyses confirmed successful IPN formation and amorphous dispersion of ORNI without chemical incompatibility. Overall, the system demonstrated effective controlled, colon-targeted delivery potential for improving the oral bioavailability of Ornidazole. However, further studies including biological evaluation and in vivo validation are required to confirm colontargeting efficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chitosan-polyacrylic acid IPN hydrogel with its biodegradable nature and pH-sensitive release of ornidazole is an attractive option to be further explored for targeted controlled drug delivery formulations for the drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Modified Shenling Baizhu Powder on Readmission Rates and Hospital Stay in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Secondary Sarcopenia: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Network Pharmacology and Mechanistic Analysis.","authors":"Cunlai Xu, Xinyi Wang, Jiangyi Jiang, Chenyin Yan, Yan Shen, Zengyu Huo, Guixian Zheng, Zhuo Cao, Jing Bai","doi":"10.2174/0113816128431808260803210640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128431808260803210640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Integrated therapeutic strategies for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) combined with sarcopenia remain limited. This study evaluated the effect of Modified Shenling Baizhu Powder (MSBP) on readmission rates in stable COPD patients with secondary sarcopenia and explored its potential mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching (1:1), 131 patients received MSBP combined with Western medicine (exposure group), and 114 received Western medicine alone (control group). Primary outcomes were the 1-year readmission rate and interval. Mechanisms were explored via network pharmacology, transcriptomics, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and molecular docking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The readmission rate was significantly lower in the exposure group than in the control group (24.4% vs. 43.9%, p < 0.05), with a longer median readmission interval (319 vs. 272 days, p < 0.05). MSBP was an independent protective factor (OR = 0.202, p < 0.05). Network pharmacology and transcriptomics identified the PI3K/AKT pathway as a key mechanism. UPLC-MS identified five flavonoid components; kaempferol-3- O-rutinoside showed strong binding affinity to PI3K/AKT proteins in docking studies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>MSBP combined with Western medicine effectively reduces hospital readmissions in this population. The therapeutic mechanism likely involves PI3K/AKT pathway activation by flavonoid components, particularly kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MSBP offers clinical benefits for COPD with secondary sarcopenia. The PI3K/AKT pathway and specific flavonoids represent potential mechanistic targets warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phloretin-Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles as Novel Nano-Radiosensitizer: Synergistic Anti-Tumor Efficacy and Mechanistic Insights in Ehrlich Carcinoma Model.","authors":"Nouran Hisham, Mohammed Abdalla Hussein, W M Awad, Reema Alsubayae, Mohammed Sallah, E M Abdelraze","doi":"10.2174/0113816128459316260811101612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128459316260811101612","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Radiotherapy remains a fundamental modality in cancer treatment; however, its efficacy is frequently compromised by inherent tumor radioresistance and the collateral damage to normal tissues at curative doses. Phloretin, a dihydrochalcone flavonoid, exhibits extensive antitumor effects in both in vitro and in vivo settings; however, its clinical application is limited due to low water solubility and rapid metabolic processing. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been recognized as agents that enhance radiation-induced oxidative damage. Accordingly, this study synthesized phloretin-conjugated AgNPs (Ph-AgNPs) and evaluated their potential as a safe, tumor-selective radiosensitizer in a murine model of solid Ehrlich carcinoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Ph-AgNPs were synthesized through an environmentally friendly reduction process and subsequently characterized utilizing UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The acute oral toxicity (LD₅₀) and hepatorenal safety profiles were assessed in healthy Swiss albino mice. Mice bearing solid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 per group) for antitumor evaluation: Normal control, Normal+Ph-AgNPs, EAC (control), EAC + γ-irradiation (γ-IR; 6 Gy), EAC + Ph-AgNPs (98.5 mg), and EAC + Ph-AgNPs + γ-IR. The parameters assessed were tumor growth, blood indices, serum liver transaminases (ALT, AST, ALP), renal function (urea and creatinine levels), biomarkers of oxidative stress in the tumor tissue (GSH, SOD and MDA), signaling pathways associated with apoptosis (p-AMPK, Bax and Bcl-2) and cell cycle regulators (CDK2/CDK6/p53), evaluated by biochemical assays, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) or western blot analysis. Molecular docking studies were also conducted to visualize the binding interactions of phloretin with CDK2, CDK6, and p53.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Ph-AgNPs were monodisperse spheres with an average diameter of 85.89 nm and a zeta potential of -12.35 mV, maintaining stability in physiological media. At the therapeutic dosage, Ph-AgNPs exhibited no hepatorenal toxicity in normal mice and significantly mitigated the transient elevations in hepatic and renal markers induced solely by irradiation. The combined application of Ph-AgNPs and γ-irradiation yielded the most pronounced tumor suppression, resulting in a 59.7% reduction in mean tumor mass and a 69.6% decrease in tumor volume compared to EAC controls. This outcome was associated with GSH and SOD depletion, increased MDA levels, elevated p-AMPK levels, and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, along with coordinated downregulation of CDK2 and CDK6 and upregulation of p53, as confirmed at the protein level. Docking analyses indicated strong, energetically favorable interactions of phloretin within the active sites of CDK2, CDK6, and p53.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Ph-AgN","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the Potential of Plant-Derived Agents to Act as KRAS G12D Inhibitors Through Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and MMGBSA.","authors":"Ebru Okutan, Serra Özışık, Vildan Enisoglu Atalay","doi":"10.2174/0113816128502014260805105813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128502014260805105813","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction/objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The KRAS G12D mutation is a significant oncogenic factor that promotes cell proliferation and tumor development, particularly in pancreatic cancer. Inhibiting the mutated form of the KRAS protein is a critical strategy in cancer treatment. While molecules like MRTX1133 show promise, the limited efficacy and safety of current treatment options highlight the need to discover new and safer therapeutic candidates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Approximately 1000 plant-derived bioactive compounds downloaded from the literature and Dr. Duke's database were filtered according to Lipinski's Rules and pharmacokinetic properties to create a set of 425 candidate molecules. Geometry optimization and QSAR parameters were calculated using Spartan software, and molecular docking and binding affinities were calculated using AutoDock Vina. MRTX1133 was used as a reference in the evaluations. Protein-ligand interaction maps were generated, and key interaction residues were identified using BIOVIA Discovery Studio. Molecular dynamics simulations of 200 ns were performed using Schrödinger-Desmond for the six compounds with the best binding affinities, and MMGBSA binding free energy calculations were performed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed that Isochlorogenic acid, Coniferin, Neochlorogenic acid, Cryptochlorogenic acid, Gamma-L-glutamyl-L-phenylalanine, and Chlorogenic acid demonstrated good bonding affinity to KRAS G12D with -11.0, -9.8, -9.5, -9.1, -9, and -8.9 Kcal.mol-1, respectively, compared to MRTX1133 (-8.3 Kcal.mol-1), exhibiting favorable physicochemical profiles and revealing their potential as KRAS G12D inhibitors. Based on bonding scores and QSAR data, four of the six selected molecules (Coniferin, Gamma-Lglutamyl- L-phenylalanine, Isochlorogenic acid, and Neochlorogenic acid) formed stable protein-ligand complexes with mean RMSD values &lt; 2.5 Å during 200 ns MD simulations. MMGBSA analysis confirmed the binding free energies, and the compound giving the strongest interaction was determined to be Coniferin with ΔG_bind = -72.53 ± 5.24 Kcal.mol-1. Superior docking scores and stable MD trajectories demonstrate that the selected plant-derived compounds, especially Coniferin, effectively interact with the KRAS G12D binding pocket via suitable hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond contacts. These findings suggest that natural compounds can provide structurally diverse and potentially safer alternatives compared to synthetic inhibitors; however, experimental validation is necessary to confirm their inhibitory potential and selectivity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;According to the MMGBSA results, these compounds have suitable binding free energy values comparable to the reference, with Coniferin as the strongest plant-derived candidate with ΔGbind = -72.53 ± 5.24 Kcal/mol-.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;As a result of this in silico study, coniferin, neochlorogenic acid, and chlorogenic acid","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Profiling of Fructus Ailanthi and a Network Pharmacology-Based Mechanistic Study in Ulcerative Colitis.","authors":"Zhao-Ming Gao, Qiang-Qiang Ma, Zeng-Hong Sun, Shu-Ge Tian","doi":"10.2174/0113816128476175260805064456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128476175260805064456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Fructus Ailanthi is traditionally known for its anti-inflammatory properties; however, the exact active ingredients and the mechanisms by which it alleviates UC remain incompletely understood. The study comprehensively analyzed the chemical components of Fructus Ailanthi and quantified its total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Furthermore, network pharmacology and molecular docking were employed to elucidate the mechanisms and potential targets of Fructus Ailanthi in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative analysis of the components was conducted using preliminary chemical tests and UPLCQ- Orbitrap-MS. Total polyphenols were determined by the Folin-phenol method, and flavonoids were measured using the aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite colorimetric method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated components including phenols, flavonoids, carboxylic acids, and terpenes. The total polyphenol content was 16.46 ± 0.13 mg·g⁻1, and the total flavonoid content was 14.80 ± 0.41 mg·g⁻¹. Components such as stigmast-4-en-3,6a-diol, kaempferol, and quercetin were identified. Key targets included IL6, TP53, SRC, TNF, and HSP90AA1, and these targets were enriched in the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The molecular docking analysis indicated that the active compounds in Fructus Ailanthi exhibited a strong affinity for core targets.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This research elucidated the underlying mechanisms by which Fructus Ailanthi combats ulcerative colitis. Nonetheless, the network of component-target-pathway is grounded in chemical analysis and simulation prediction of components; it is crucial to perform additional cell and animal experiments for validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fructus Ailanthi regulates ulcerative colitis through the mechanism of multi-component-targetpathway synergy. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Fructus Ailanthi.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of CRISPR-Cas9 in Carcinoma Therapy: Advances, Challenges and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Nikhil Rawal, Shruti Batra, Tanu Sharma, Sreeharsha Nagararja, Shailendra Singh, Rajeev Ranjan, Vikas Kumar, Ravi Raj Pal","doi":"10.2174/0113816128470361260803050708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128470361260803050708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene editing has enormous potential in biomedical fields, including cancer and personalized medicine. CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene-editing system in which the Cas9 enzyme, guided by RNA derived from short palindromic repeats, alters DNA sequences to inhibit oncogenes through base and prime editing, thereby suppressing tumor growth. Despite significant advancements in anticancer therapies, limitations such as off-target effects, ethical concerns, and challenges in targeted delivery restrict its potential clinical applications. In the present review, we explore the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, recent technological advancements, and prospects for cancer management. We also provide insights into strategies for precise delivery, improved targeting accuracy, and the regulatory considerations surrounding CRISPR-Cas9 for oncological applications. Additionally, this review examines the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 in personalized cancer therapy and discusses approaches to enhance tumor-specific targeting and facilitate clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Lipid-Based Topical Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.","authors":"Shiv Bahadur, Ravi Verma, Raksha Gautam","doi":"10.2174/0113816128476464260805115311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128476464260805115311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease affecting 1-3% of adults and 20% of children. It is characterized by type 2 immune dysregulation and epidermal barrier dysfunction. The pathophysiology involves loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG), tight junction defects, and altered intercellular lipid composition, leading to increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and sensitization to environmental allergens. Current treatments, including topical corticosteroids (TCS), calcineurin inhibitors (TCI), and emerging biologics, are limited by cutaneous atrophy, systemic absorption, and poor patient adherence. This review critically examines lipid-based nanocarrier systems, specifically solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), liposomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, and nanoemulsions, as advanced topical delivery platforms. These systems enhance drug bioavailability through prolonged skin retention, targeted epidermal delivery, and controlled release kinetics, while minimizing systemic exposure. We analyze comparative efficacy data, mechanistic insights into skin penetration pathways, and discuss stability considerations, safety profiles, and regulatory challenges. The integration of personalized nanomedicine approaches represents a paradigm shift toward precision therapeutics in AD management, offering improved clinical outcomes and reduced long-term disease burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Growth Factor β3 (TGF-β3) Signaling: A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Zan-Wen Zuo, Wen-Jing Tang, Qian Zhang, Rui-Hua Wen, Yu-Liang Wang, Qi-Zhang Li","doi":"10.2174/0113816128455310260806051815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128455310260806051815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling is essential for early embryonic development, tissue and organ formation, immune surveillance, tissue repair, and maintaining homeostasis in adults. The three isoforms of TGF-β, TGF-β1/2/3, share a structurally conserved secretion signal peptide and activate various downstream signaling pathways. While much research has focused on TGF-β1, there is increasing recognition of the important roles that TGF-β3 plays in cancer biology. TGF-β3 exhibits dual functions. It can inhibit tumors in the early stages of cancer but can promote tumor growth in more advanced stages. Understanding the unique characteristics of TGF-β3 is crucial for unraveling the complexities of tumor development and the tumor microenvironments. Targeting TGF-β signaling is considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment, and developing drugs aimed at TGF-β3 holds significant potential. In the future, TGF-β3 targeted therapies are expected to gain more attention as a means to enhance therapeutic outcomes and address poor prognoses in cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}