Current diabetes reviews最新文献

{"title":"Deciphering the Interlinked CXCR4-Mediated Feedback Loop Among Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Wound Healing.","authors":"K Sandhanam, Bedanta Bhattacharjee, Damanbhalang Rynjah, Pratap Kalita, Saikat Sen, Raja Chakraborty","doi":"10.2174/0115733998335873241012161428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998335873241012161428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic chronic wounds and amputations are very serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) that result from an integration factor, including oxygen deprivation, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced angiogenesis, and microbial invasion. These causative factors lead to tenacious wounds in an inflammatory state, which eventually results in tissue aging and necrosis. Wound healing in DM potentially targets C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) regulates several signalling pathways. The CXCR4 signalling pathway integrated with phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase-C (PKC) Ca2+ pathways, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and mitogen- activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway for enhancing cell chemotaxis, proliferation, and survival. The dysregulated CXCR4 pathway is connected with poor wound healing in DM patients. Therapeutic strategies targeting CXCR4-based molecules such as UCUF-728, UCUF-965, and AMD3100 have been shown to enhance diabetic wound healing by altering miRNA expression, promoting angiogenesis, and accelerating wound closure. This study indicates that CXCR4 participation in various signalling pathways makes it essential for Understanding the healing of diabetic wounds. Using specific compounds to target CXCR4 offers a potentially effective treatment strategy to improve wound healing in diabetes. Our understanding of CXCR4 signalling and its regulation processes will enable us to develop more potent wound care solutions for diabetic chronic wounds. This report concludes that CXCR4's potential therapeutic targeting shows improvements in diabetic wound repair. This review will demonstrate that CXCR4 plays a major role in wound healing through its various signalling pathways. Targeting CXCR4 with certain agonist molecules shows a therapeutic approach to potentially increasing wound healing in diabetes. By enhancing our understanding of the CXCR4 signalling mechanism in future studies, we can develop more potential treatments for chronic diabetic wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown Among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Aaliyah Momani, Aram Halimi, Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Zalikha Al-Marzouqi, Alireza Mosavi Mosavi Jarrahi, Nabeel Al-Yateem, Syed Azizur Rahman, Amina Al-Marzouqi","doi":"10.2174/0115733998327893240905071326","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998327893240905071326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess how the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the glycaemic control of adolescents aged 10-19 with type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest. Published articles up to September 2022 were included. The Glucose Monitoring Index (GMI) and HbA1c level were defined as outcome variables. Average glucose level was found to be a common variable in both HbA1c levels and GMI; therefore, HbA1c and GMI were converted to average glucose (mg/dL) using appropriate formulas. Studies reported the outcomes in two or three periods (pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown) were included in the analysis. A paired wise meta-analysis was performed among the studies that reported all three periods. Homogeneity across studies was assessed using I2 statistic.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Fourteen studies were included in the study. The pooled average glucose during the lockdown decreased to 166.9 mg/dL (95% CI, 153.78, 180.02) from 205.793 mg/dL (95% CI, 188.412, 223.173) during the pre-lockdown period, then it increased to 204.23 mg/dL (95% CI, 186.17, 222.29) during the post-lockdown period. A paired wise meta-analysis indicated a reduction in average glucose levels. However, it was not statistically significant, possibly due to the small number of studies that reported data from all three periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the descriptive analysis of our study showed that the lockdown had affected (decreased) the average glucose level among adolescents with type 1 diabetes, this was not statistically significant in the pooled analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Novel Therapeutics in Diabetic Retinopathy.","authors":"Pravinkumar Ingle, Nurin Alesya Hamden, Wai Kei Soh, Rosalina Wibawa Hui Cen Loh, Ketan Hatware","doi":"10.2174/0115733998324556240910061514","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998324556240910061514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus which causes retinal damage which when left untreated will cause visual problems. As the prevalence of DR increases over the years, there is a need to optimise the currently available treatments as well as developing novel drugs to improve the therapy provided for the patients in the clinical practice. Several pharmacological therapies like, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and anti-inflammatory therapies which include intravitreal, and implant of corticosteroids are significant in the management to decrease the risk of DR-related vision impairment. Clinical trials for novel drug therapies are still ongoing till this day to enhance the efficacy of DR treatment. Even though there are also modern treatments such as laser therapy for the patients, prevention should be done to lower the number of individuals affected by DR. Due to the complexity of DR, there are numerous obstacles to develop new medications for DR which include the increasing healthcare cost of DR treatment. New insights such as utilisation of artificial intelligence will be implemented into the management of DR as it has proved its potential in aiding the screening process. In parallel with the increase in DR prevalence and the number of treatments developed, extensive understanding of the mechanism of action of DR should be further improved to prevent more complications in the future. This review summarises the epidemiological trend, prevention strategies, challenges in treatment, current novel therapeutics (including drugs under clinical trials), future therapeutic trends and possibilities for implementing AI in the early diagnosis and management of DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound Evaluations of Ankle and Foot Muscles in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sharath S, Rajagopal Kadavigere, G Arun Maiya","doi":"10.2174/0115733998310010240711051523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998310010240711051523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). 30-50% of diabetics are likely to be affected by DPN. It significantly impacts the skeletal muscles, resulting in an accelerated loss of muscle mass. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the ankle and foot muscle changes in diabetic peripheral neuropathy using ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, Embase, and PubMed databases, which yielded 64 studies, out of which 5 studies are included in this meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The meta-analysis shows that the thickness and cross-section area of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle are reduced in DPN as compared to the control group with p-value<0.004 and p-value<0.001, respectively. The thickness of MIL muscle was also smaller in DPN p-value=0.02. Similarly, the thickness and CSA of AH muscle are also reduced in DPN patients compared to the control group, with p-values of 0.21 and 0.14.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Meta-analysis reveals that diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients have reduced foot muscle thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to controls without neuropathy. This highlights the importance of ultrasound in detecting muscle atrophy early in diabetic patients since it provides objective measures beyond traditional screening with its real-time and non-invasive nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Vitro and In-Silico Studies of Brevifoliol Ester Analogues against Insulin Resistance Condition.","authors":"Monika Binwal, Sumati Sen, Sadhna Vishwakarma, Aqib Sarfraz, Balakishan Bhukya, Feroz Khan, Arvind Singh Negi, Santosh Kumar Srivastava, Dnyaneshwar U Bawankule","doi":"10.2174/0115733998275238240116083227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998275238240116083227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brevifoliol is a diterpenoid that occurs naturally in the plants of Taxus genus and is widely used as chemotherapy agent for the management of cancer. A series of semisynthetic esters analogues of brevifoliol were prepared by Steglich esterification and attempted for their pharmacological potential against insulin resistance conditions using in-vitro and in-silico assays.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to understand the pharmacological potential of eighteen semisynthetic analogs through Steglich esterification of Brevifoliol against insulin resistance condition Methods: In the in-vitro study, insulin resistance condition was induced in skeletal muscle cells using TNF-α, pro-inflammatory cytokine and these cells were treated with brevifoliol analogues. The most potent analouge was further validated using in-silico docking study against the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) (PDB ID: 2AZ5) and Human Insulin Receptor (PDB ID: 1IR3), using the Auto dock Vina v0.8 program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although, all the analogues of Brevifoliol significantly exhibited the pharmacological potential. Among all, analogue 17 was most potent in reversing the TNF-α induced insulin resistance condition in skeletal muscle cells and also to inhibit the production of TNF-α in LPSinduced inflammation in macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, in-silico molecular docking studies revealed that analogue 17 possesses a more promising binding affinity than the selected control drug metformin toward the TNF-α and insulin receptor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggested the suitability of analogue 17 as a drug-like candidate for further investigation toward the management of insulin resistance conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Adjunctive Local Antimicrobials to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Pocket Reduction and Glycemic Control of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Domitilla Marchiori Sant'Anna Leal de Oliveira, Ana Luiza Magalhães de Souza, Getúlio da Rocha Nogueira Filho, Carolina Castro Martins-Pfeifer, Cristine Miron Stefani","doi":"10.2174/0115733998320667240805045742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998320667240805045742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This network meta-analysis [NMA] investigated the efficacy of adjunctive use of subgingivally delivered antimicrobials to non-surgical periodontal therapy [NSPT] in the glycemic control and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven databases, grey literature, and registry platforms were searched up to February 2024 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCT) fulfilling the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was assessed through Cochrane's tool (RoB 2). Two frequentist NMA were performed using a random-effects model to calculate mean differences (MD) as an effect measure and to quantitatively evaluate the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and PPD. The certainty of evidence was assessed through the GRADE approach in a partially contextualized framework for interpreting results. Ten RCTs were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 261 patients were treated with eight different local antimicrobials adjuvants to NSPT (azithromycin gel, clarithromycin gel, tetracycline fiber or ointment, chlorhexidine gel, doxycycline nanospheres, minocycline gel, and satranidazole gel), while 249 patients received NSPT alone or associated to placebo. Considering PPD reduction (8 included studies), the best results were found after six months for satranidazole gel (MD -2.64mm; 95%CI -3.56, -1.72; moderate evidence certainty). For HbA1c control (7 included studies), doxycycline gel (MD - 0.80%; 95%CI -1.70, 0.10), chlorhexidine gel (MD -0.68%; 95%CI -1.34, -0.02), and tetracycline fiber (MD -0.62%; 95%CI -0.85, -0.39) showed promising results after three months (low evidence certainty).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The adjunctive use of satranidazole gel probably reduces PPD after a 6-month follow-up, while doxycycline gel, chlorhexidine gel, and tetracycline fiber may decrease HbA1c values in patients with T2D and periodontitis treated with NSPT after a 3-month follow up.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of a Bi-Directional Relationship between Arterial Stiffness and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.","authors":"Angela L Beros, John D Sluyter, Robert Kr Scragg","doi":"10.2174/0115733998298294240820070528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998298294240820070528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are numerous cross-sectional studies showing an association between arterial stiffness and diabetes, but the temporality of the association is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the temporal relationship between arterial stiffness and diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception to 31 August 2023, to identify cohort studies that assessed whether arterial stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), was predictive of the development of diabetes and vice versa. We summarised study data, and where possible undertook meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 19 studies that included people with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. All 11 studies investigating arterial stiffness as a predictor of diabetes found a significant relationship. Six of those studies were suitable for meta-analysis. The risk of developing diabetes was greater in people with higher PWV at baseline than lower PWV (RR = 2.14, 95%CI 1.65 to 2.79, p < 0.00001) and the mean difference in baseline PWV was higher in people who developed diabetes than those who did not (mean difference: 0.77 m/s, 95%CI 0.47 to 1.06, p < 0.00001). Of 8 studies investigating diabetes as a predictor of arterial stiffness, 7 found a significant relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between arterial stiffness and diabetes. Arterial stiffness may provide a causal link between diabetes and future cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes and its Silent Partner: A Critical Review of Hyperinsulinemia and its Complications.","authors":"Imran Rashid Rangraze, Mohamed El-Tanani, Syed Arman Rabbani, Rasha Babiker, Ismail I Matalka, Manfredi Rizzo","doi":"10.2174/0115733998311738240813110032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998311738240813110032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this complex realm of diabetes, hyperinsulinemia is no longer regarded as just a compensatory response to insulin resistance but rather has evolved into an integral feature. This comprehensive review provides a synthesis of the current literature, including various aspects associated with hyperinsulinemia in diabetic complications. Hyperinsulinemia has been shown to be more than just a compensatory mechanism, and the key findings demonstrate how hyperinsulinism affects the development of cardiovascular events as well as microvascular complications. Additionally, recognizing hyperinsulinemia as a modifiable factor, the diabetes management paradigm shifts towards cognitive ones that consider the use of lifestyle modifications in combination with newer pharmacotherapies and precision medicine approaches. These findings have crucial implications for the clinical work, requiring a careful appreciation of hyperinsulinemia's changing aspects as well as incorporation in personalized treatment protocol. In addition, the review focuses on bigger issues related to public health, showing that prevention and early diagnosis will help reduce the burden of complications. Research implications favor longitudinal studies, biomarker discovery, and the study of emerging treatment modalities; clinical practice should adopt global evaluations, patient education, and precision medicine adaptation. Finally, this critical review provides an overview of the underlying processes of hyperinsulinemia in diabetes and its overall health effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (LV-HIIT) on Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).","authors":"Rasoul Raesi, Saeid Kalbasi, Abbas Ali Gaeini, Maryam Haji Ghasem Kashani, Khadijeh Tajik","doi":"10.2174/0115733998320832240805113238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998320832240805113238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prevention and reduction of liver fat accumulation and maintenance of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) have been proposed as important therapeutic goals in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effect of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (LV-HIIT) on fatty liver index (FLI) and GFR estimation in patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial included 80 patients with T2DM and a sedentary lifestyle, randomly divided into HIIT (n=40) and a control group (n=40). Patients with a history of T2DM for at least one year and HbA1C levels between 6.4% and 10% were selected. The intervention group underwent a 4-week LV-HIIT course, comprising 3 sessions per week, while the control group did not receive any intervention. FLI, eGFR, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory variables were assessed in all participants before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FLI (62.0 at baseline, 53.0 at follow-up) significantly decreased in the LV-HIIT group after the intervention, while eGFR (71.0 at baseline, 73.6 at follow-up) significantly increased (P<0.001). However, the control group showed a significant reduction only in Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) (P<0.05). After the intervention, the LV-HIIT group had significantly lower FBS (129.0 at baseline, 121.0 at follow-up), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (24.0 at baseline, 18.0 at follow-up), and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) (22.0 at baseline, 19.0 at follow-up), as well as higher eGFR, compared to the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LV-HIIT exercise appears to be a promising and effective training method for improving FLI and eGFR in patients diagnosed with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Dietary Anthocyanins for Managing Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Complications.","authors":"Priya S Mistry, Mehul R Chorawala, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Bhupendra G Prajapati, Akash Kumar, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut","doi":"10.2174/0115733998322754240802063730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998322754240802063730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an intricate metabolic disorder marked by persistent hyperglycemia, arising from disruptions in glucose metabolism, with two main forms, type 1 and type 2, involving distinct etiologies affecting β-cell destruction or insulin levels and sensitivity. The islets of Langerhans, particularly β-cells and α-cells, play a pivotal role in glucose regulation, and both DM types lead to severe complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Plant-derived anthocyanins, rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, show promise in mitigating DM-related complications, providing a potential avenue for prevention and treatment. Medicinal herbs, fruits, and vegetables, abundant in bioactive compounds like phenolics, offer diverse benefits, including glucose regulation and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-mutagenic, and neuroprotective properties. Anthocyanins, a subgroup of polyphenols, exhibit diverse isoforms and biosynthesis involving glycosylation, making them potential natural replacements for synthetic food colorants. Clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy and safety of anthocyanins in controlling glucose, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients, emphasizing their therapeutic potential. Preclinical studies revealed their multifaceted mechanisms, positioning anthocyanins as promising bioactive compounds for managing diabetes and its associated complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}