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Current Directions in Psychological Science最新文献

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Metacognition and Uncertainty Communication in Humans and Large Language Models 人类元认知与不确定性交际与大型语言模型
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251391158
Mark Steyvers, Megan A. K. Peters
{"title":"Metacognition and Uncertainty Communication in Humans and Large Language Models","authors":"Mark Steyvers, Megan A. K. Peters","doi":"10.1177/09637214251391158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251391158","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognition—the capacity to monitor and evaluate one’s own knowledge and performance—is foundational to human decision-making, learning, and communication. As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in both high-stakes and widespread low-stakes contexts, it is important to assess whether, how, and to what extent they exhibit metacognitive abilities. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of LLMs’ metacognitive capacities, how they might be studied, and how they relate to our knowledge of metacognition in humans. We show that although humans and LLMs can sometimes appear quite aligned in their metacognitive capacities and behaviors, it is clear many differences remain; attending to these differences is important for enhancing the collaboration between humans and artificial intelligence. Last, we discuss how endowing future LLMs with more sensitive and more calibrated metacognition may also help them develop new capacities such as more efficient learning, self-direction, and curiosity.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Framework for Automation in Psychotherapy 心理治疗中的自动化框架
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251386047
Zac E. Imel, Torrey Creed, Brent Kious, Tim Althoff, Dana Atzil-Slonim, Vivek Srikumar
{"title":"A Framework for Automation in Psychotherapy","authors":"Zac E. Imel, Torrey Creed, Brent Kious, Tim Althoff, Dana Atzil-Slonim, Vivek Srikumar","doi":"10.1177/09637214251386047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251386047","url":null,"abstract":"Psychotherapy is a conversational intervention that has relied on humans to manage its implementation. Improvements in conversational artificial intelligence (AI) have accompanied speculation on how technologies might automate components of psychotherapy, most often the replacement of human therapists. However, there is a spectrum of opportunities for human collaboration with autonomous systems in psychotherapy, including evaluation, documentation, training, and assistance. Clarity about what is being automated is necessary to understand the affordances and limitations of specific technologies. In this article we present a framework for categories of autonomous systems in psychotherapy as a guidepost for empirical and ethical inquiry. Categories include scripted or rule-based conversations; collaborative systems in which humans are evaluated by, supervise, or are assisted by AI; and agents that generate interventions. These categories highlight considerations for key stakeholders as psychotherapy moves from unmediated human-to-human conversation to various forms of automation.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Signatures of Reinforcement Learning in Natural Behavior 自然行为中强化学习的特征
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251381193
Catherine A. Hartley, Susan L. Benear, Aaron S. Heller
{"title":"Signatures of Reinforcement Learning in Natural Behavior","authors":"Catherine A. Hartley, Susan L. Benear, Aaron S. Heller","doi":"10.1177/09637214251381193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251381193","url":null,"abstract":"Across myriad real-world contexts, people encounter the challenge of learning to take actions that bring about desirable outcomes. The theoretical framework of reinforcement learning proposes formal algorithms through which agents learn from experience to make rewarding choices. These formal models capture many aspects of reward-guided human behavior in controlled laboratory contexts. Here, we suggest that the algorithms and the constructs (i.e., states, actions, and rewards) formalized within reinforcement-learning theory can be operationally defined and extended to additionally account for learning in complex natural environments. We discuss several recent examples of empirical studies that provide evidence of signatures of reinforcement learning across diverse human behaviors in everyday environments.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychological Science at the Cellular Level: Mitochondria’s Role in Health and Behavior 细胞水平的心理科学：线粒体在健康和行为中的作用
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251380214
Christopher P. Fagundes, E. Lydia Wu-Chung, Cobi J. Heijnen
{"title":"Psychological Science at the Cellular Level: Mitochondria’s Role in Health and Behavior","authors":"Christopher P. Fagundes, E. Lydia Wu-Chung, Cobi J. Heijnen","doi":"10.1177/09637214251380214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251380214","url":null,"abstract":"The biopsychosocial model (BPSM) has guided psychological science for decades by emphasizing the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in health. Despite its influence, the model has been critiqued for lacking mechanistic specificity, particularly in clarifying how psychosocial factors translate into cellular and molecular processes. Mitochondria, once viewed mainly as energy producers, are now understood to shape immune signaling, stress responses, and neural functioning. Emerging evidence shows that mitochondrial processes are sensitive to psychosocial influences such as chronic stress, trauma, and social connection, with downstream effects on inflammation and disease risk. We highlight findings that support these links while noting areas in which evidence remains preliminary, including possible feedback from mitochondrial changes to psychosocial processes. We also review interventions such as physical activity, mindfulness, and social support that may enhance mitochondrial function. This article positions mitochondria as one promising biological bridge between mind and body, offering a testable extension of the BPSM and identifying opportunities for psychologists to advance this emerging field.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Escaping the Jingle-Jangle Jungle: Increasing Conceptual Clarity in Psychology Using Large Language Models 逃离叮当作响的丛林：使用大型语言模型增加心理学概念清晰度
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251382083
Dirk U. Wulff, Rui Mata
{"title":"Escaping the Jingle-Jangle Jungle: Increasing Conceptual Clarity in Psychology Using Large Language Models","authors":"Dirk U. Wulff, Rui Mata","doi":"10.1177/09637214251382083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251382083","url":null,"abstract":"Psychology has long struggled with conceptual redundancy, particularly in the form of “jingle-jangle fallacies,” in which different constructs share the same label or the same construct is described using different terms. This lack of conceptual clarity has hindered cumulative knowledge and comparability across studies and subfields. We propose that large language models can help address this issue by placing constructs into a shared semantic space, enabling the systematic mapping of conceptual overlap and clarification of taxonomies and generating clearer construct definitions. Although automation plays a crucial role, we argue that meaningful progress requires a coordinated, community-wide effort, combining computational advances with expert deliberation. Our approach provides a pathway toward greater conceptual clarity in psychology, fostering a more unified and rigorous framework for the discipline.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multicultural Experiences: Impacts on the Mind and Self 多元文化经验：对心智和自我的影响
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251382089
Ying-yi Hong, Letitia Lee, Andrea Soledad Matos
{"title":"Multicultural Experiences: Impacts on the Mind and Self","authors":"Ying-yi Hong, Letitia Lee, Andrea Soledad Matos","doi":"10.1177/09637214251382089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251382089","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has brought unprecedented opportunities for individuals to be exposed to or interact with elements or people from different cultures. Recent research has examined how multicultural experiences could impact human psychology. Borrowing from this literature, this article discusses some key ways in which people adapt and respond to multicultural exposure through the acquisition and application of cultural knowledge (the multicultural mind) and development of cultural identities (the multicultural self). Multicultural exposure allows individuals to acquire and gain fluency in multiple cultural knowledge systems, enhancing cognitive flexibility and creativity and reducing prejudice. At the same time, as individuals amass multicultural experiences, they need to negotiate their multiple identities, forming different representations of them. Although individuals may display exclusionary responses when perceiving a threat toward their culture, a secure attachment to their culture can act as a safe haven that mitigates such threat. We discuss collectivization of multicultural experiences as a future research direction.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Silver Linings in Psychological Disorders: An Agenda for Research and Social Change 心理障碍的一线希望：研究和社会变革的议程
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251360738
June Gruber, Cassondra Lyman, Chloe Plaisance, Jonathan Rottenberg
{"title":"Silver Linings in Psychological Disorders: An Agenda for Research and Social Change","authors":"June Gruber, Cassondra Lyman, Chloe Plaisance, Jonathan Rottenberg","doi":"10.1177/09637214251360738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251360738","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional research on people with psychological disorders is negatively focused, concentrating on what is aberrant and harmful about psychopathology. Characterizing patterns of emotional and behavioral disturbances has helped illuminate the origins of psychopathology and led to useful treatments. Yet we argue that the conventional approach to psychopathology is factually incomplete and may also inadvertently perpetuate the deeply entrenched stigma surrounding mental disorders. In this article, we make the case for considering the positive experiences of people with psychopathology—silver linings—and integrating them into psychopathology research. In our research agenda for studying silver linings in psychopathology (SLIP), we acknowledge that psychopathology may afford individuals both sources of difficulty and opportunities for positive transformation. We illustrate SLIP in cognitive, social, and resilience domains. We close by considering implications for future research promoting a more balanced conceptualization of psychological disorders and mental well-being.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145009029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Integrated Immuno-Reward Model of Adolescent Depression: Theory, Evidence, and Implications 青少年抑郁的综合免疫-奖励模型：理论、证据和意义
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251369722
Lauren B. Alloy, Robin Nusslock
{"title":"An Integrated Immuno-Reward Model of Adolescent Depression: Theory, Evidence, and Implications","authors":"Lauren B. Alloy, Robin Nusslock","doi":"10.1177/09637214251369722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251369722","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is an “age of risk” for the emergence of depression. Despite its prevalence and public-health significance, there are major unanswered questions regarding the mechanisms contributing to depression’s etiology and surge in adolescence. Separate lines of research have investigated the roles of inflammation and low reward responsiveness in depression, and recent evidence suggests bidirectional associations between inflammation and reward responsiveness. In this article, we review this evidence, present an integrated immuno-reward model of adolescent depression (specifically, motivational and somatic symptoms of depression), and discuss the role of stress and early adversity in amplifying immune-reward interactions. We end with implications of the immuno-reward model for future research, early identification of at-risk adolescents, intervention, and public-health policy.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dimensions of Stereotypes About Groups 群体刻板印象的维度
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251345489
Vincent Yzerbyt, Alex Koch, Marco Brambilla, Naomi Ellemers, Susan T. Fiske, Gandalf Nicolas
{"title":"Dimensions of Stereotypes About Groups","authors":"Vincent Yzerbyt, Alex Koch, Marco Brambilla, Naomi Ellemers, Susan T. Fiske, Gandalf Nicolas","doi":"10.1177/09637214251345489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251345489","url":null,"abstract":"People perceive social groups along stereotype dimensions. Several models of social evaluation identify so-called horizontal (relational, warmth, communion) and vertical (achievement, competence, agency) judgments, also known as the Big Two. Each has two facets, respectively indicating perceived morality and friendliness for horizontal judgments plus ability and assertiveness for vertical judgments. Perceivers also locate groups within sociopolitical structures, such as socioeconomic status and ideological beliefs. These six commonly used stereotype dimensions (morality, friendliness, ability, assertiveness, status, and beliefs) each predict specific and pragmatic behaviors toward (members of) groups, including approach, investment, cooperation, and inclusion. Overall, the trait dimensions correlate positively (e.g., the two respective facets of each of the Big Two), but contextual goals can override general patterns. For example, when people encounter two unequal groups and strive for social justice, harmony and positive identity, the horizontal and vertical judgments correlate negatively. Contextual goals and transient motives also moderate the importance of the stereotype dimensions. We conclude by suggesting avenues for future research.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Autobiographical Memory Disturbances in Schizophrenia and the Psychosis Continuum: Integrating New Insights 精神分裂症和精神病连续体中的自传式记忆障碍：整合新见解
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251356517
Mélissa C. Allé, Dorthe Berntsen
{"title":"Autobiographical Memory Disturbances in Schizophrenia and the Psychosis Continuum: Integrating New Insights","authors":"Mélissa C. Allé, Dorthe Berntsen","doi":"10.1177/09637214251356517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251356517","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies on autobiographical memory in the psychosis continuum have focused exclusively on the voluntary (strategic) retrieval of past events. Findings have identified significant memory deficits in terms of impaired retrieval, reduced recollective qualities, and disturbed life-story narration, contributing to an impoverished sense of self. However, these findings diverge with more recent research that has revealed a strikingly different pattern of memory recall compared with the earlier literature. In contrast to a uniform impairment, certain features of autobiographical memory, specifically the prevalence of involuntary (spontaneously arising) autobiographical memories, is enhanced across the psychosis continuum from subclinical to clinical levels in schizophrenia. Findings have also shown that the recollective characteristics of autobiographical memories are either enhanced or impaired depending on the predominance of clinical symptoms—such as the predominance of positive or negative symptoms. We propose that these seemingly contradictory patterns of findings can be resolved by considering that the effects of psychosis vary (a) across different components of autobiographical memory and (b) as a function of variations in salient clinical symptoms. These insights are important for attaining a deeper understanding of psychosis and schizophrenia and for developing new forms of treatment that target specific impairments in different symptom profiles.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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