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Current Directions in Psychological Science最新文献

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There Are Multiple Paths to Personalized Education, and They Should Be Combined 个性化教育有多种途径，应将它们结合起来
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241242459
Garvin Brod
{"title":"There Are Multiple Paths to Personalized Education, and They Should Be Combined","authors":"Garvin Brod","doi":"10.1177/09637214241242459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241242459","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquity of digital devices has made it feasible to assign different tasks and levels of support to different learners, also in the classroom. Ideally, this is done with the help of formative assessment software or intelligent tutoring systems. However, personalized assignment of tasks and support levels by a teacher or teaching agent has limitations and is only one path to successful personalization. Self-regulated learning and adaptable learning activities, such as generative learning strategies and differentiating tasks, are promising paths to personalization, too, and combine well with personalized assignment. Initial examples of such combinations are presented. I argue that, in order to be maximally effective, different paths to personalized education need to be combined. This combination promises to boost both immediate learning outcomes and successful learning in the long term, and it is facilitated by recent advances in artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Power of Numeric Evidence in Science Communication 科学传播中数字证据的力量
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241242465
Ellen Peters, Jon Benedik Bunquin
{"title":"The Power of Numeric Evidence in Science Communication","authors":"Ellen Peters, Jon Benedik Bunquin","doi":"10.1177/09637214241242465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241242465","url":null,"abstract":"Advantages and disadvantages exist for presenting numeric information in science communication. On the one hand, public innumeracy and experts’ concerns about providing numbers suggest not always showing them. On the other hand, people often prefer getting them, and their provision can increase comprehension, trust, and healthy behaviors while reducing risk overestimates and supporting decision-making autonomy. Presenting numeric facts without considering their comprehensibility and usability, however, is like throwing good money after bad. We summarize research concerning three theory-based strategies that improve the understanding and use of numbers by decreasing cognitive effort (e.g., doing the math for the audience), being consistent with principles of numeric cognition, and providing affective meaning.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intraindividual Conflicts Reduce the Polarization of Attitudes 个人内部矛盾会减少态度的两极分化
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241242452
Kai Sassenberg, Kevin Winter
{"title":"Intraindividual Conflicts Reduce the Polarization of Attitudes","authors":"Kai Sassenberg, Kevin Winter","doi":"10.1177/09637214241242452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241242452","url":null,"abstract":"Societies are increasingly divided about political issues such as migration or counteracting climate change. This attitudinal polarization is the basis for intergroup conflict and prevents societal progress in addressing pressing challenges. Research on attitude change should provide an answer regarding how people might be persuaded to move away from the extremes to take a moderate stance. However, persuasive communication often most strongly affects those who hold a moderate attitude or are undecided. More importantly, barely any research has explicitly aimed at mitigating extreme attitudes and behavioral tendencies. Addressing this gap, this article summarizes research demonstrating that (different types of) intraindividual conflicts might be a means to mitigate polarized attitudes. Goal conflicts, cognitive conflicts, counterfactual thinking, and paradoxical thinking facilitate cognitive flexibility. This, in turn, seems to initiate the consideration of alternative stances and mitigate the polarization of attitudes. We discuss the limitations of the existing research and the potential of this approach for interventions.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Representation of Giving Actions: Event Construction in the Service of Monitoring Social Relationships 给予行为的表征：事件建构为监控社会关系服务
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241242460
Denis Tatone, Gergely Csibra
{"title":"The Representation of Giving Actions: Event Construction in the Service of Monitoring Social Relationships","authors":"Denis Tatone, Gergely Csibra","doi":"10.1177/09637214241242460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241242460","url":null,"abstract":"Giving is a unique attribute of human sharing. In this review, we discuss evidence attesting to our species’ preparedness to recognize interactions based on this behavior. We show that infants and adults require minimal cues of resource transfer to relate the participants of a giving event in an interactive unit (A gives X to B) and that such an interpretation does not systematically generalize to superficially similar taking events, which may be interpreted in nonsocial terms (A takes X). We argue that this asymmetry, echoed in language, reveals the operations of a mechanism of event construction where participant roles are encoded only when they are crucial to rendering an action teleologically well-formed. We show that such a representation of giving allows people to monitor the direction (who gave to whom) and kind (what was given) of resource transfer within a dyad, suggesting that giving may be interpreted as indicative of a relationship based on long-term balance. As this research suggests, advancing the study of the prelinguistic representation of giving has implications for cognitive linguistics, by clarifying the relation between event participants and syntactic arguments, as well as social cognition, by identifying which kinds of relational inferences people draw from attending to acts of sharing.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Motivated Counterfactual Thinking and Moral Inconsistency: How We Use Our Imaginations to Selectively Condemn and Condone 动机性反事实思维与道德不一致：我们如何利用想象力有选择地谴责和宽恕他人
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241242458
Daniel A. Effron, Kai Epstude, Neal J. Roese
{"title":"Motivated Counterfactual Thinking and Moral Inconsistency: How We Use Our Imaginations to Selectively Condemn and Condone","authors":"Daniel A. Effron, Kai Epstude, Neal J. Roese","doi":"10.1177/09637214241242458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241242458","url":null,"abstract":"People selectively enforce their moral principles, excusing wrongdoing when it suits them. We identify an underappreciated source of this moral inconsistency: the ability to imagine counterfactuals, or alternatives to reality. Counterfactual thinking offers three sources of flexibility that people exploit to justify preferred moral conclusions: People can (a) generate counterfactuals with different content (e.g., consider how things could have been better or worse), (b) think about this content using different comparison processes (i.e., focus on how it is similar to or different than reality), and (c) give the result of these processes different weights (i.e., allow counterfactuals more or less influence on moral judgments). These sources of flexibility help people license unethical behavior and can fuel political conflict. Motivated reasoning may be less constrained by facts than previously assumed; people’s capacity to condemn and condone whom they wish may be limited only by their imaginations.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140608145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The New Psychology of Secrecy 新保密心理学
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241226676
Michael L. Slepian
{"title":"The New Psychology of Secrecy","authors":"Michael L. Slepian","doi":"10.1177/09637214241226676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241226676","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly everyone keeps secrets, but only recently have we begun to learn about the secrets people keep in their everyday lives and the experiences people have with their secrets. Early experimental research into secrecy sought to create secrecy situations in the laboratory, but in trying to observe secrecy in real time, these studies conflated secrecy with the act of concealment. In contrast, a new psychology of secrecy recognizes that secrecy is far more than biting our tongues and dodging others’ questions. Our secrets can consume mental space before and after concealment situations, and even the secrets that require no active upkeep can burden the secret keeper. The current article reviews recent insights into the many ways in which our secrets relate to personal and relational well-being and what follows from revealing our secrets.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hierarchical-Model Insights for Planning and Interpreting Individual-Difference Studies of Cognitive Abilities 层次模型对规划和解释认知能力个体差异研究的启示
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231220923
Jeffrey N. Rouder, Mahbod Mehrvarz
{"title":"Hierarchical-Model Insights for Planning and Interpreting Individual-Difference Studies of Cognitive Abilities","authors":"Jeffrey N. Rouder, Mahbod Mehrvarz","doi":"10.1177/09637214231220923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231220923","url":null,"abstract":"Although individual-difference studies have been invaluable in several domains of psychology, there has been less success in cognitive domains using experimental tasks. The problem is often called one of reliability: Individual differences in cognitive tasks, especially cognitive-control tasks, seem too unreliable. In this article, we use the language of hierarchical models to define a novel reliability measure—a signal-to-noise ratio—that reflects the nature of tasks alone without recourse to sample sizes. Signal-to-noise reliability may be used to plan appropriately powered studies as well as understand the cause of low correlations across tasks should they occur. Although signal-to-noise reliability is motivated by hierarchical models, it may be estimated from a simple calculation using straightforward summary statistics.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139938932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fostering Executive-Function Skills and Promoting Far Transfer to Real-World Outcomes: The Importance of Life Skills and Civic Science 培养执行功能技能，促进向现实世界的成果转化：生活技能和公民科学的重要性
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241229664
Philip David Zelazo, Destany Calma-Birling, Ellen Galinsky
{"title":"Fostering Executive-Function Skills and Promoting Far Transfer to Real-World Outcomes: The Importance of Life Skills and Civic Science","authors":"Philip David Zelazo, Destany Calma-Birling, Ellen Galinsky","doi":"10.1177/09637214241229664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241229664","url":null,"abstract":"Executive-function (EF) skills are a set of attention-regulation skills that provide a neurocognitive foundation for adapting to changing circumstances across the life span; EF skills measured in childhood are associated with important real-world outcomes (e.g., school and job success). Although training can improve EF skills, the benefits of training frequently fail to transfer to these outcomes. We argue that EF skills are associated with outcomes such as school success only to the extent that they first contribute to intermediate-level EF-based life skills that are more directly instrumental in achieving key outcomes. These intentional intermediate-level skills are configurations of specific EF skills and non-EF skills that are used when reasoning and solving problems in a variety of domains. We further argue that an effective way to bridge the gap between specific EF skills and real-world outcomes is by training these EF-based life skills that people need to function effectively in society. We propose that this can best be achieved using a civic-scientific approach, engaging citizens (e.g., children, youth, parents, teachers) in the design process from the beginning so that interventions are responsive to perceived needs and address perceived obstacles to success and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139938978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Resisting Dehumanization in the Age of “AI” 在 "人工智能 "时代抵制非人化
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231217286
Emily M. Bender
{"title":"Resisting Dehumanization in the Age of “AI”","authors":"Emily M. Bender","doi":"10.1177/09637214231217286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231217286","url":null,"abstract":"The production and promotion of “AI” technology involves dehumanization on many fronts. I explore these processes of dehumanization and the role that cognitive science can play by bringing a richer picture of human cognition to the discourse.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Music, Memory, and Imagination 音乐、记忆和想象
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231217229
E. Margulis, Kelly Jakubowski
{"title":"Music, Memory, and Imagination","authors":"E. Margulis, Kelly Jakubowski","doi":"10.1177/09637214231217229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231217229","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the capacity of music to reliably cue both autobiographical memories and fictional imaginings can be leveraged to better understand the relationship and interdependence between memory and imagination more generally. The multiple levels involved in musical engagement provide a rich forum for investigating how emotional, semantic, and contextual associations with musical cues influence both memories and imaginings. Moreover, musical excerpts are extended in time and can influence the trajectory of a memory or imagining dynamically as it develops, allowing for a more precise manipulation of the implied semantic space. Because music’s uses and contextual associations are culturally constrained, and culture can be shared, autobiographical memories and fictional imaginings cued by music can show surprising similarities among individuals from the same culture. This article surveys the research on music-evoked autobiographical memories and music-evoked fictional imaginings, proposing a framework for bringing these separate strands of work together to shed light on larger questions about shared underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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