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Current Directions in Psychological Science最新文献

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Ambiguity and Reentrant Processing in Object Detection
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251314755
Mary A. Peterson
{"title":"Ambiguity and Reentrant Processing in Object Detection","authors":"Mary A. Peterson","doi":"10.1177/09637214251314755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251314755","url":null,"abstract":"Many scientists continue to conceive of object detection as occurring in stages that map onto levels in the visual hierarchy. This article reviews experiments suggesting that multiple interpretations and their semantics are activated at high levels before conscious object detection. That more than one interpretation is activated before object detection implies that ambiguity (and not just uncertainty) exists before conscious object detection. This is so even when displays seem unambiguous after detection. Converging evidence from a variety of methods indicates that inhibitory competition resolves the unconscious ambiguity. Experiments in my laboratory suggest that reentrant processes—both cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical—determine conscious perception. I conclude that object detection entails global dynamic interactive Bayesian processes. Stage terminology is outdated.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Casting a Wider Net: Using Automated Content Analysis to Discover New Ideas
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251315716
Jonah Berger, Stijn M. J. van Osselaer, Chris Janiszewski
{"title":"Casting a Wider Net: Using Automated Content Analysis to Discover New Ideas","authors":"Jonah Berger, Stijn M. J. van Osselaer, Chris Janiszewski","doi":"10.1177/09637214251315716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251315716","url":null,"abstract":"Psychology has made great strides in how researchers collect, analyze, and report data, but there has been less attention to improving hypothesis generation. Some researchers still rely on intuition, serendipitous observations, or a limited reading of the literature to come up with a single idea about a relationship between constructs. Although this approach has led to valuable insights, it can constrain thinking and often fails to generate a full picture of what is going on. New approaches, however, allow researchers to cast a wider net. Specifically, by reducing the cost and effort of examining a broader set of potential variables, automated content analysis (i.e., computer-assisted methods for extracting features from unstructured data) can uncover new insights and help develop new theories. We describe how these techniques can be applied to various research questions and outline methods and criteria that can be used to gain a wider perspective. In sum, automated content analysis is a powerful tool for identifying new and important phenomena, building (and sharpening) theory, and increasing impact.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cultural Cascades and Infant Resilience: Insights From Tajik Gahvora Cradling Practices
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241308831
Lana B. Karasik
{"title":"Cultural Cascades and Infant Resilience: Insights From Tajik Gahvora Cradling Practices","authors":"Lana B. Karasik","doi":"10.1177/09637214241308831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241308831","url":null,"abstract":"Cascades from culture inform beliefs and norms that guide childrearing, resulting in diverse experiences that shape developmental outcomes. This article explores the influence of cultural beliefs and childrearing practices on infant development, focusing on the traditional gahvora cradling practice in Tajikistan. Cradling in gahvoras involves movement restriction, providing a unique model for investigating how early physical constraints shape developmental trajectories and challenging conventional theories that emphasize the necessity of continuous, unrestricted movement. By situating motor development within a broader social and cultural framework, this article highlights the importance of considering cultural context in developmental research. Despite these physical constraints, infants exhibit adaptive motor activity when unbound, suggesting a flexible and resilient developmental system. These practices illuminate the dynamic interplay of physical, social, and cultural factors, revealing how diverse early experiences shape developmental outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
More Than Just a Phase: Adolescence as a Window Into How the Brain Generates Behavior
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251313733
Catherine Insel, Alexandra O. Cohen
{"title":"More Than Just a Phase: Adolescence as a Window Into How the Brain Generates Behavior","authors":"Catherine Insel, Alexandra O. Cohen","doi":"10.1177/09637214251313733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251313733","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is a dynamic period of brain development marked by profound changes in learning, decision-making, and higher order cognition. This article explores how research on the adolescent brain can inform the development of biologically based computational models of learning and behavior. We highlight how computational frameworks such as reinforcement learning and artificial neural networks capture key features of adolescent behavior, including shifts in exploration and decision-making strategies. By integrating principles of brain development, such as synaptic pruning and the hierarchical development of neural circuits, computational models can offer insights into how the brain adapts to new experiences and challenges. We argue that studying adolescent brain development not only enhances our understanding of cognition but also provides a valuable framework for refining computational models of brain function. We propose future directions for how adolescent research can inform innovations in computational research to better capture dynamic brain states, individual variability, and risk for psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attachment as Prediction: Insights From Cognitive and Developmental Neuroscience
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251313714
Nim Tottenham, Anna Vannucci
{"title":"Attachment as Prediction: Insights From Cognitive and Developmental Neuroscience","authors":"Nim Tottenham, Anna Vannucci","doi":"10.1177/09637214251313714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251313714","url":null,"abstract":"Early caregiving experiences have strong, persistent links to emotion regulation. In this article we offer a view that the content represented in emotion-regulation neurobiology in part reflects consolidated interpersonal-affective memories abstracted from early caregiving experiences. We suggest that these interpersonal-affective memories, referred to here as “attachment schemas,” are represented by cortical-subcortical (re)activations. Neural circuitry involving functional connections between subcortical and midline cortical regions is well positioned to generate predictive inferences from attachment schemas that have implications for emotion regulation. Although speculative, this perspective is motivated by the convergence of empirical findings from cognitive and developmental neuroscience. Situating affective neural predictions within a neurodevelopmental framework has great potential to uncover mechanisms of attachment and ultimately build toward a more complete understanding of the links between early caregiving experiences and emotional well-being.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geometry and Force Dynamics in Simple Spatial Terms: Two Theories, One Resolution
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251313713
Barbara Landau
{"title":"Geometry and Force Dynamics in Simple Spatial Terms: Two Theories, One Resolution","authors":"Barbara Landau","doi":"10.1177/09637214251313713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251313713","url":null,"abstract":"Basic spatial terms such as the English prepositions “in,” “on,” “above,” “below,” “left,” and “right” represent spatial relationships that are encoded in languages of the world and are readily learned by young children. How do children learn these terms, and what are the relative contributions of universal foundations from spatial cognition versus language-specific input? I argue that progress can be made on this issue by recognizing two distinct subclasses of spatial terms, each rooted in different classes of spatial properties, leading to different kinds of learning problems for the child. “Geometric” terms such as “above,” “below,” “left,” “right,” and “behind” focus on spatial properties such as the distance and direction between two objects, specified by orthogonal axes centered on a reference object and vectors that define the location of one object relative to the other. By contrast, “force-dynamic” terms such as “in” and “on” focus on the physical and mechanical properties of objects that specify how one object interacts with the force-dynamic properties of the other. The two sets of terms show different degrees of cross-linguistic variation and present different problems for learners, leading to different developmental trajectories and mechanisms of acquisition. They may ultimately derive from fundamentally different cognitive domains—space and objects.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lessons for the Next Pandemic: What Children Taught Us About Navigating New Social Norms During COVID-19
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241306057
Felix Warneken, Katherine McAuliffe
{"title":"Lessons for the Next Pandemic: What Children Taught Us About Navigating New Social Norms During COVID-19","authors":"Felix Warneken, Katherine McAuliffe","doi":"10.1177/09637214241306057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241306057","url":null,"abstract":"Research on children’s responses to preventive health behaviors during COVID-19 provides insights of both practical and theoretical importance: Understanding how children reason about preventive behaviors is crucial for developing effective public-health campaigns. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic presented us with a unique natural experiment for examining children’s emerging sociomoral reasoning in the face of rapidly changing norms and social practices. Here we summarize empirical findings from a series of experiments testing how children reason about preventive health behaviors such as mask-wearing and physical distancing that were introduced during COVID-19. Across these studies, we found that children apply sociomoral principles to interpret these novel behaviors. By as young as the age of 5 years, children are well equipped to adapt to novel norms and social practices by thinking through the trade-offs and social consequences of these new behaviors in a surprisingly mature and practical way. At the same time, political views of families and communities are reflected in children’s endorsement of preventive behaviors. We conclude with suggestions on the way developmental research can contribute to our knowledge of how to successfully prepare for public-health responses in anticipation of potential future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Neural Basis of Visual Search in Scene Context
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241304349
Marius V. Peelen
{"title":"The Neural Basis of Visual Search in Scene Context","authors":"Marius V. Peelen","doi":"10.1177/09637214241304349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241304349","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are highly efficient in finding objects in their structured, daily-life environments. Behavioral studies have demonstrated that this efficiency is supported by expectations derived from scene context. Here, I review neuroimaging studies that have started to reveal the neural basis of contextual influences on visual search for objects. These studies point to a central role for the object-selective visual cortex (OSC) in mediating multiple types of contextual influences. Supporting the attentional guidance by scene context, activity patterns in the OSC reflect global contextual expectations about target location and represent local nontarget objects that are contextually associated with the target. Preparatory activity patterns in the OSC also incorporate contextual expectations about target appearance (e.g., object size) during the preparation phase of visual search. In addition to supporting attentional guidance, object representations in the OSC are directly facilitated by scene context, and this facilitation is causally linked to object-identification performance. Finally, activity patterns in the anterior OSC integrate representations of distractor objects that are positioned according to familiar configurations, thereby reducing scene complexity. Together, these studies show how attention and expectation interactively drive preparatory activity and jointly modulate the visual processing of potential targets, providing a neural basis for the efficiency of search in scenes.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Social Congruency Framework: Mapping Different Types of Social Consumption Experiences
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1177/09637214251313712
Peggy J. Liu, Theresa A. Kwon, Ximena Garcia-Rada, Nicole You Jeung Kim
{"title":"The Social Congruency Framework: Mapping Different Types of Social Consumption Experiences","authors":"Peggy J. Liu, Theresa A. Kwon, Ximena Garcia-Rada, Nicole You Jeung Kim","doi":"10.1177/09637214251313712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214251313712","url":null,"abstract":"It is often said that much of consumption is “social” in nature, but what does this mean? This article proposes the social congruency framework for differentiating between different types of social consumption experiences—characterizing a consumption experience with respect to congruency with a social partner on up to three dimensions: what, where, and when. Utilizing this social congruency framework, we propose four different social consumption experiences: solo consumption with a social referent, asynchronous social consumption, synchronous social consumption, and shared consumption. We then leverage this framework to differentiate between different types of social consumption experiences and to explicate why this differentiation between different types of social consumption experiences matters in terms of how it can facilitate future research examining the nature of congruency within experiences as well as the antecedents and consequences across social consumption experiences.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ecospirituality and the Moralization of Nature
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241304326
Matthew I. Billet, Adam Baimel, Mark Schaller, Ara Norenzayan
{"title":"Ecospirituality and the Moralization of Nature","authors":"Matthew I. Billet, Adam Baimel, Mark Schaller, Ara Norenzayan","doi":"10.1177/09637214241304326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241304326","url":null,"abstract":"Many people in many cultures have a spiritual connection with nature. Research is beginning to reveal the implications of this “ecospiritual” orientation for two great challenges of our times: preserving the well-being of the natural environment and of ourselves. This article provides an overview of the current research on ecospirituality, with a focus on its role in supporting, and sometimes inadvertently hindering, environmental preservation and human well-being.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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