Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Sublethal and transgenerational effects of tetraniliprole on the tomato pinworm Phthorimaea (=Tuta) absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Invasive pest species of economic importance often require intensive pesticide use, leading to recurrent problems of pesticide resistance. Such is the case with the tomato pinworm, <em>Phthorimaea</em> (=<em>Tuta</em>) <em>absoluta</em> (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), requiring the use of new insecticidal compounds for their management. Tetraniliprole, a novel insecticide effective against lepidopteran, coleopteran, and dipteran pests, is a potential alternative against the tomato pinworm. This study investigates the sublethal effects of tetraniliprole on the development and reproduction of the parental (F₀) and progeny (F₁) generations of <em>P. absoluta</em> while exploring the underlying mechanisms. Sublethal tetraniliprole exposure extended larval duration and reduced pupation rate, emergence rate, hatchability, and fecundity in both the F₀ and F₁ of <em>P. absoluta</em>. Additionally, the life-table parameters of the F₁ generation were significantly altered, with decreases in net reproductive rate (<em>R</em>_<em>0</em>) and increases in the mean generation time (<em>T</em>), leading to decreases in the intrinsic rate of population growth (<em>r</em>). The relative fitness of F₁ insects exposed to tetraniloprole was reduced compared to unexposed insects (0.63 and 0.49, respectively). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of reproduction-related genes such as <em>TaVg</em> and <em>TaVgR</em> were down-regulated in the tetraniliprole-exposed insects. Finally, insect exposure to tetraniloprole increases the activity of the antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Taken together, these findings suggest that sublethal concentrations of tetraniloprole adversely affect both the development and reproduction of <em>P. absoluta</em>, providing a foundation for optimizing pest control strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First reports of Fusarium agrestense, F. gossypinum, F. grosmichelii and F. triseptatum causing cassava root rot in Pernambuco, Brazil","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cassava root rot is a widespread issue in plantations globally, causing significant economic losses. Fusarioid fungi are widely distributed in the world and are commonly associated to root rot in cassava. Fusarioid fungi were isolated from cassava plant roots exhibiting rot symptoms in a cultivation area in Pernambuco, Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis of the <em>TEF-1α</em>, <em>RPB1</em>, and <em>RPB2</em> genes identified <em>Fusarium agrestense</em> (a previously invalidly published species now validated), <em>F. gossypinum</em>, <em>F. grosmichelii</em>, <em>F. triseptatum</em>, and <em>Neocosmospora falciformis</em>. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that all isolates could induce disease in cassava tubers and seedlings. This study presents the first multilocus phylogenetic analysis identifying fusarioid species responsible for cassava root rot globally and in Brazil, including <em>F. agrestense</em>, <em>F. gossypinum</em>, <em>F. grosmichelii</em>, and <em>F. triseptatum</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant disease complexes: Increasing reports, current knowledge gaps, and future research priorities","authors":"Jay Ram Lamichhane","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106949","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weed detection using deep learning in complex and highly occluded potato field environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Weed management is a significant challenge for agronomists, especially in highly dense field environments. The study aims to develop a computer vision-based system for distinguishing between potato plants and weeds in the post-emergence stage within high occlusion and complex backgrounds. To achieve this, the RGB dataset having real images was collected from potato farms. After thorough cleaning, the data augmentation was done. Images are annotated at the pixel level and are made freely available to the research community for future investigations. To accurately segment, detect, and classify the potato plant from the weeds, cutting-edge deep learning techniques, i.e., the Mask RCNN and YOLO version 8 (YOLOv8), are trained. Precision (P), recall (R), and mean average precision ([email protected], [email protected]) were used to evaluate the different model scales. YOLOv8 obtained the [email protected] 83.4%, whereas Mask RCNN stood at 79%. Mask RCNN obtained the highest P(0.83), R(0.76), and F1(0.91) values for the weed class. The reported performance metrics indicate that although YOLOv8 slightly outperforms Mask RCNN in overall mAP, Mask RCNN achieves higher precision, recall, and F1 scores for the weed class. This implies that Mask RCNN may be more effective at identifying weeds, which is crucial for effective weed management. These accuracy levels may not be exceptional, but they are a testament to the model's capabilities for weed detection in a highly complex and heavily occluded environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of a medicinal plant in attracting Chrysopidae predators and controlling Leucoptera coffeella","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intercropping in agricultural systems can enhance biological pest control, yet selecting the appropriate companion plants remains challenging. This study investigated the potential of <em>Varronia curassavica</em> Jacq. (Cordiaceae), a medicinal aromatic plant, to improve the biological control of the coffee leaf miner, <em>Leucoptera coffeella</em> (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) by Chrysopidae predatory species. We assessed the survival of <em>Ceraeochrysa cubana</em> (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae and adults, and the survival and reproduction of <em>L. coffeella</em> adults in the presence of <em>V. curassavica</em> inflorescences. Additionally, we evaluated whether <em>V. curassavica</em> in its vegetative stage, when associated with coffee plants, would influence the oviposition of another related Chrysopidae species, <em>Chrysoperla externa</em>, and <em>L. coffeella</em>. Our findings indicated that <em>C. cubana</em> larvae had increased survival in the presence of <em>V. curassavica</em> inflorescences, whereas the survival of <em>C. cubana</em> and <em>L. coffeella</em> adults was unaffected. However, the intrinsic growth and oviposition rates of <em>L. coffeella</em> were reduced in the presence of <em>V. curassavica</em> inflorescences. Furthermore, in a greenhouse experiment, the number of eggs laid by <em>C. externa</em> was higher when coffee plants were intercropped with <em>V. curassavica</em> in the vegetative stage, while the oviposition of <em>L. coffeella</em> was unaffected. These results suggest that <em>V. curassavica</em> can enhance populations of Chrysopidae predators in coffee crops and negatively impact the fitness of <em>L. coffeella</em> or provide no benefit to this pest. Therefore, incorporating <em>V. curassavica</em> into coffee cropping systems appears promising for managing <em>L. coffeella</em> populations by pulling in Chrysopidae predators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity and fitness evaluation of Chrysoperla carnea resistant strains on cotton mealy bug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsely","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research was conducted to select chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin resistant strains of <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Moreover, fitness parameters of resistant <em>C. carnea</em> were evaluated after feeding on 2nd instars nymph of <em>Phenacoccus solenopsis</em> Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Two to three day old <em>C. carnea</em> larvae were used in each topical bioassay. The raw data of biological parameters were analysed using an age stage, two sex life table. After 16 and 13 rounds of selection, the Chlo-Sel and Bife-Sel strains of <em>C. carnea</em> developed 91- and 2.19-fold resistance level, respectively compared with the UN-Sel strain. Biological parameters such as larval duration (days), pupal duration (days), female longevity (days), male longevity (days), adult pre-oviposition period (APOP) (days), total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) (days), oviposition (days), reproductive female ratio (RepF/Fn), and fecundity/female (F) were significantly different while pre-adult female (days), pre-adult male (days), and female ratio (Nf/N) was not significantly different among all strains. Demographic parameters such as finite rate of increase (λ), mean generation time (T), intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (Ro), and gross reproductive rate (GRR) were significantly different while doubling time (DT) was significantly similar among all strains of <em>C. carnea</em>. This information could be helpful in developing and promoting the use of insecticide resistant strains of <em>C. carnea</em> for the management of <em>P. solenopsis</em> under field conditions. Moreover, knowledge of fitness advantages will be helpful in IPM for the development of control strategies against <em>P. solenopsis</em>. In order to explore the practical relevance of our findings, more research ought to be conducted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactivator insecticides for Coffeea arabica L. and toxic to Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The insecticides used on coffee plants can function as bioactivators for this species and be utilized to manage <em>Leucoptera coffeella</em>. Thus, the objectives were to verify the bioactivation action on the morphophysiology of the coffee plant and its toxicity to <em>L. coffeella</em>. The treatments were dinotefuran + flutriafol 450 SC, dinotefuran + pyriproxyfen (100 + 25) EW, imidacloprid 700 WG, flupyradifurone 200 SL, thiamethoxam 250 WG, thiamethoxam + cyproconazole 600 WG, and control (water). The physiology of coffee seedlings was evaluated at 10, 20, and 40 days after application (DAA) of the insecticides. Analyses of biometric variables for aerial and root development of seedlings and survival of <em>L. coffeella</em> larvae were conducted at 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 DAA. The insecticides did not alter the physiological parameters evaluated in the seedlings at 10, 20, and 40 DAA. At 60 and 80 DAA, height and leaf area were lower in seedlings treated with imidacloprid. The dry matter of the stem in seedlings treated with imidacloprid was lower than in other treatments. The volume and area of the roots of the seedlings at 80 DAA were higher in those that received the insecticide thiamethoxam 250 WG. All insecticides were toxic to <em>L. coffeella</em> larvae at all evaluation dates. The insecticides did not have bioactivator properties for aerial development. Thiamethoxam 250 WG has a bioactivator effect on root volume and area. The insecticides protect seedlings from infestation up to 80 DAA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newsletter","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106934","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusarium oxysporum causes the root rot disease of Polygonatum cyrtonema in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Polygonatum cyrtonema</em>, also known as Huangjing, belongs to the Liliaceae family and is a commonly used medicinal and edible plant in Asia. In recent years, <em>P</em>. <em>cyrtonema</em> root rot disease has frequently occurred in China, significantly impacting its yield and medicinal value. However, the pathogen of the disease has not yet been identified. In this study, we aimed to identify the pathogen causing the root rot disease of <em>P. cyrtonema</em> by applying morphological and molecular methods following Koch's postulates. Twelve fungal strains were isolated from nine diseased rhizomes of <em>P. cyrtonema</em>. Morphological analysis showed that the twelve isolates included eight colony types. Among that strain, HJ-5 has the typical characteristics of <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, including single-cell microconidia, chlamydospores, and sickle macroconidia. BLAST alignment and phylogenic tree based on the <em>tef1</em>, <em>rpb2</em>, <em>β-tubulin</em>, and ITS genes demonstrated that strain HJ-5 exhibits the highest similarity with <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. The strain HJ-5 is identified as <em>F. oxysporum</em> based on morphological and molecular characteristics. In addition, the pathogenicity test showed that among twelve isolates, only strain HJ-5 led to the rhizome softening and rotting on detached rhizomes and living plants of <em>P. cyrtonema</em>, consistent with symptoms observed in the field. To our knowledge, this is the first report on root rot disease in <em>P. cyrtonema</em> caused by <em>F. oxysporum</em> in China, which will provide a clear prevention and management target for the root rot disease of <em>P. cyrtonema</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing fresh root yield and quality of certified and farmer-saved cassava seed","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Formal systems supporting the delivery of high-quality cassava seed are being established in several key cassava producing countries in Africa. Questions remain, however, about the value of certified cassava seed when compared to seed which is recycled multiple times, which is standard farmer practice. A study was therefore conducted to compare fresh cassava root yields of high-quality seed (HQS) versus farmer-saved (recycled) seed (FSS) for three widely grown improved cassava varieties in Tanzania namely: <em>Mkuranga1</em>, <em>Kiroba</em> and <em>Mkombozi</em>. Field experiments were established in two sites in different agricultural zones: Mkuranga (Coast Zone) and Maruku (Lake Victoria Zone). Four HQS sources (pre-basic, basic, certified, quality-declared), collectively referred to as HQS, were compared with FSS with respect to cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) foliar and root incidences, fresh root yield, marketable fresh root yield, and usable fresh root yield for each variety in the two locations. Results showed that foliar CBSD incidence in FSS was significantly greater than it was for HQS in <em>Mkuranga1</em> and <em>Kiroba</em> varieties but not for <em>Mkombozi</em>. CBSD root incidence was on average six times more in FSS than in HQS. When comparing FSS with the specific certified seed treatment (CS), 25.8% of the roots were unusable due to CBSD root necrosis for FSS, compared to only 3.7% for CS. CS gave an overall fresh root yield which was 7.5 t/ha more than FSS, representing an 80.6% increase. Yield benefits derived from planting HQS were similar for <em>Kiroba</em> (+80.7%), <em>Mkombozi</em> (+81.3%) and <em>Mkuranga1</em> (+79.5%), as well as across each of the four HQS classes. When also considering losses arising from severe CBSD root necrosis, the overall yield benefit arising from using CS when compared to FSS was 135%. The average estimated income gain for this increase was US$ 2279/ha, which is many times the estimated cost of obtaining certified seed. These results highlight the value of high quality seed systems and the potential gains that farmers can realize from planting high quality certified seed rather than recycling existing crops.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219424003600/pdfft?md5=999a3cf462e25c530cf373ffa5e3100b&pid=1-s2.0-S0261219424003600-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}