Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Colletotrichum spaethianum causes leaf spot disease in Stemona japonica in the Guizhou province of China","authors":"Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengqing Yang ,&nbsp;Dengquan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen Su ,&nbsp;Zhongshun Cai ,&nbsp;Cheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stemona Radix plant belongs to the genus Stemona and the family Stemonaceae. It can be divided into <em>Stemona sessilifolia</em> (Miq.) Miq., <em>Stemona japonica</em>(Bl.) Miq., and <em>Stemona tuberosa</em> Lour. <em>S. japonica</em> is a perennial herb with spindle-shaped succulent tuber roots clustered underground and ascending from the upper part of the stem. <em>S. japonica</em> was first recorded in the \"Famous Doctors Register\". It has a long history of medicinal use in China and is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical medicine. It is sweet and bitter, with thick, fat, solid, and white color characteristics. This study aimed to isolate and identify the pathogen that causes the <em>S. japonica</em> leaf spot disease in Huangping County, Guizhou Province using pathogenicity tests, morphological characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis. In this study, a large number of reddish-brown spots were observed on <em>S. japonica</em> leaves collected from Huangping County, Kaili City, Guizhou Province. Over time, these spots gradually expanded to the entire leaf and eventually led to the death of the entire plant, greatly affecting the yield and quality of the <em>S. japonica</em>. In this study, <em>Colletotrichum spaethianum</em> was identified as a pathogen against <em>S. japonica</em> via morphological characterization; phylogenetic analysis using ITS region, GAPDH and ACT sequences; and pathogenicity tests. For the first time, <em>S. japonica</em> leaf spot was found to be caused by <em>C. spaethianum</em> in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying wild pig (Sus scrofa) damage to corn, cotton, and peanut fields using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in southwestern Georgia, USA.","authors":"Justine L. Smith ,&nbsp;Roger C. Lowe III ,&nbsp;L. Mike Conner ,&nbsp;Michael T. Mengak","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the last 30 years, damage from wild pigs (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) to agricultural crops in the United States has resulted in significant production loss. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have been used to identify wild pig damage to corn (<em>Zea mays</em>) in a relatively short time frame. We expanded on current literature by conducting UAS transect flights over 14 center pivot irrigation fields (mean = 52 ha) planted with corn, peanuts (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em>), and/or cotton (<em>Gossypium</em> spp.) in 2021 and 2022. We assembled orthomosaics and extracted heterogeneous areas (HAs) from areas identified as undamaged (homogeneous). We then used object-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) supervised classification to differentiate between wild pig damage, water damage, crop, and weeds within the HAs. Our transects covered an average of 53.9 % of sampled fields, and our SVM model had 82.1 % accuracy relative to unbiased human observers. Wild pig damage did not vary among crops or years and averaged 1.4 % of sampled fields. When extrapolating damage across our 3517 ha study area, we estimated value of crops lost to wild pigs at $107,694/year. We observed less damage than in prior studies and suggest this was due to intense aerial gunning prior to planting season altering wild pig crop use and age distribution (younger/smaller pigs). We suspect that wild pig use of crops during the growing season may have been reduced due to constant control efforts and the increased human activity. We suggest that the timing of wild pig removal efforts decreases crop loss from wild pigs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality rates and feeding behavior of adult Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus Marshall (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) exposed to four biopesticides on peach foliage in field cages","authors":"Anita S. Neal,&nbsp;Pasco B. Avery,&nbsp;Ronald D. Cave","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mortality and feeding damage of <em>Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus</em> Marshall (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) exposed to four biopesticides on peach foliage in field cages were assessed at two sites in Florida. Two branches (one for caging weevils and one with no cage) with 6–8 leaves without evidence of herbivory were tagged on each of 25 trees at each site. Before treatment applications, one leaf was collected from each uncaged branch for a baseline assessment of endemic entomopathogenic fungal propagules and spray drift. Treatments were three entomopathogenic fungus-based formulations (BotaniGard®ES, PFR-97™ 20 % WDG, and Met52® EC), one azadirachtin formulation (AzaMax™), and distilled water as a control. Branches tagged for caging were sprayed with either one of the three fungal biopesticide treatments at a concentration of 10⁷ propagules per ml, an azadirachtin formulation, or distilled water until runoff and then allowed to air dry. One leaf was randomly selected from each sprayed branch for propagule deposition assessment. Five adult <em>M. undecimpustulatus undatus</em> were placed in each cage (five cages per treatment) and left for 15 days after which survivorship and herbivory were assessed across three trials at each site (15 total replicates per treatment per site). All biopesticide treatments resulted in higher weevil mortality compared to the water control. BotaniGard caused approximately four times higher mortality than the other fungal treatments and 78 % mycosis. Mean damage rating index values were highest in the control treatment, followed by BotaniGard ≥ PFR-97 ≥ Met52 = AzaMax. The high mortality rates caused by BotaniGard and reduced feeding caused by AzaMaz suggest that adult <em>M. undecimpustulatus undatus</em> populations might be managed in the field by combining these two biopesticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chymotrypsin-like proteases contribute to Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis","authors":"Andresa C.B. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira ,&nbsp;Teófilo P. Langa ,&nbsp;José V.C. R. Dantas ,&nbsp;Herbert A.A. de Siqueira","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phthorimaea absoluta</em> (Meyrick) is a globally significant pest of tomato crops, capable of causing up to 100 % yield losses under high infestation levels. The continuous use of chemical insecticides has led to the evolution of resistant <em>P. absoluta</em> populations, resulting in frequent control failures in the field. This scenario extends to the entomopathogenic bacterium <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Berliner), raising concerns about resistance development due to increased usage as an alternative to chemical control. This study tested the hypothesis that Brazilian populations of <em>P. absoluta</em> have developed resistance to <em>Bt</em> formulations and investigated the role of serine proteases in this process. We conducted concentration-response assays for eight <em>P. absoluta</em> populations. Resistance variation was observed, with a 2.93-fold increase for Dipel® and a 5.83-fold increase for XenTari®. The LC80 values for XenTari® exceeded the recommended dose, indicating potential field control failures. Serine protease activities, specifically chymotrypsin and elastase, were inversely proportional to the LC50 values for Dipel®, suggesting their involvement in toxin activation. However, no correlation was found between serine protease activity and LC50 values for XenTari®, implying that these enzymes do not contribute to resistance against this formulation. The differential toxin composition of the two products likely explains the higher efficacy of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> var. <em>kurstaki</em> (Dipel®) compared to <em>B. thuringiensis</em> var. <em>aizawai</em> (XenTari®) against <em>P. absoluta</em>. The presence of the Cry1Ac toxin in Dipel® appears to enhance its efficiency in controlling <em>P. absoluta</em> while exerting selective pressure on the insect's humoral defenses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent weed management using aerial image processing and precision herbicide spraying: An overview","authors":"Armin Ehrampoosh ,&nbsp;Pushpika Hettiarachchi ,&nbsp;Anand Koirala ,&nbsp;Jahan Hassan ,&nbsp;Nahina Islam ,&nbsp;Biplob Ray ,&nbsp;Md Nurun Nabi ,&nbsp;Mohamed Tolba ,&nbsp;Abdul Md Mazid ,&nbsp;Cheng-Yuan Xu ,&nbsp;Nanjappa Ashwath ,&nbsp;Pavel Dzitac ,&nbsp;Steven Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern agriculture is increasingly adopting intelligent technologies to enhance productivity while minimizing production costs and reducing adverse environmental impacts. A prime example of this synergy is the use of image processing to identify weeds, enabling targeted herbicide spraying with autonomous devices such as robots and drones. This approach not only reduces production costs but also ensures sustainable farming while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Designing an intelligent weed management system requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining agriculture, big data processing, machine learning, computer science, robotics, and plant science. Currently, independent studies have focused on some of these aspects, but few have taken a holistic approach to address the issue. This paper highlights the approach taken in developing innovative and ecologically sustainable weed management systems for agriculture. It also presents a comprehensive overview of a weed management system that integrates coordinated weed detection and spraying, detailing its unique components. The paper reviews and contrasts various image analysis techniques used in weed detection, particularly those employing artificial intelligence and imagery captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Furthermore, the paper highlights recent advancements in image processing platforms, such as the shift towards local and edge computing, and the growing need for near-real-time processing in agricultural applications. It also explores the development of commercial weed-spraying drones and discusses various aspects of an autonomous weed control system, including design, navigation, and spraying mechanisms for targeted application. Finally, the paper identifies key research needs for developing an AI-based, targeted herbicide spraying system that could significantly contribute to sustainable, economically viable, and efficient agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model and experiment of target-specific variable spraying based on canopy volume perception","authors":"Dexiong Liu,&nbsp;Lang Chen,&nbsp;Shaoyu Tai,&nbsp;Yunwu Li,&nbsp;Changsu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the issues of pesticide deposition in non-target areas, pesticide drift leading to environmental pollution, and low pesticide utilization rates associated with traditional orchard spraying methods, a target-specific variable spraying prototype based on LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) canopy profiling was designed. The prototype employed a 3D LiDAR sensor as a detector and utilized the improved α-shape algorithm to extract the canopy contours, allowing for the accurate calculation of canopy volume. Based on the canopy volume, a pulse width modulation (PWM) pesticide dosage calculation model was established. The prototype integrates the offset of the droplets in the wind field to construct a spray-barrel pitch control model that fits the canopy contour. An orchard laser target-specific variable spraying control system and device were developed by incorporating a target-specific spraying control method. This device was mounted on a tracked power chassis to create an integrated target-specific variable-spraying machine prototype. Test results indicated that the droplet deposition density exceeded 80 <span><math><mrow><mtext>droplets</mtext><mo>∙</mo><msup><mtext>cm</mtext><mrow><mo>‐</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, achieving effective canopy coverage. In the designated test area, the pesticide solution usage for continuous spraying and target-specific variable spraying was 1.359 and 0.715 L, respectively, saving 47.96 % of pesticide with target-specific variable spraying. This system can achieve precise control of target-specific variable spraying based on changes in the position and volume of the tree canopies. The results of this study contribute to the rapid development and application of precision spraying technology in orchards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of temperature and host plants on fitness traits and demographic parameters of Thrips parvispinus (Karny) (Thripidae: Thysanoptera)","authors":"Vaddi Sridhar ,&nbsp;Kerur Vishwanath Raghavendra ,&nbsp;Kurubarahalli Bhoothanna Ramesh ,&nbsp;M. Kumaraswamy Sunil ,&nbsp;Subhash Chander","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Defining and forecasting the life cycle and population dynamics of thrips depend on understanding their developmental and reproductive responses to varying temperatures. The goal of this investigation was to gather precise data on biological fitness and demographic parameters of <em>Thrips parvispinus</em> on two selected hosts (Chilli, <em>Capsicum annuum</em>; Solanaceae and Beans, <em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em>; Leguminosae) at four constant temperatures (15, 20, 28 and 30 °C). The total pre-adult duration found longest at 15 °C and shortest at 30 °C on beans, while longest at 20 °C and shortest at 30 °C on chilli. Adult longevity was recorded longest at 15 °C and the shortest at 30 °C on both beans and chilli depicting that 30 °C shortened the adult lifespan of <em>T. parvispinus</em>. Fecundity was documented to be highest on beans and chilli at 30 °C, and lowest at 20 °C on beans and on chilli at 15 °C. The total pre-oviposition period was found to be shortest at 30 °C both on beans and chilli. Significant differences in the population parameters revealed net-reproductive rate and finite rate of increase to be highest at 30 °C on both chilli and beans. The shortest mean generation time was recorded at 30 °C on both chilli and beans. This study is first of its kind in investigating the comparative biology of <em>T. parvispinus</em> on chilli and beans under different temperatures. Since, there exists a lack of knowledge on the fitness traits and demography of <em>T. parvispinus,</em> these findings would prove significant for predicting population responses to climate change and tailoring integrated pest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple effects of indoxacarb on the soybean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis","authors":"Carlos Henrique Batista ,&nbsp;Angelica Plata-Rueda ,&nbsp;Weslei dos Santos Cunha ,&nbsp;José Cola Zanuncio ,&nbsp;José Eduardo Serrão ,&nbsp;Luis Carlos Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The caterpillar, <em>Anticarsia gemmatalis</em> is one of the most important defoliating pests of soybean crops in the Americas. Control of <em>A</em>. <em>gemmatalis</em>, is primarily achieved with chemical insecticides; however, populations of this species have developed resistance to certain chemical molecules. Therefore, insecticides with different modes of action should be evaluated to control this pest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the insecticide indoxacarb on mortality, respiration, locomotor behavior, and midgut histology in <em>A. gemmatalis</em> caterpillars. After 72 h of exposure, indoxacarb was toxic to <em>A. gemmatalis</em> caterpillars, with 87 % survival in the control group and 54 %, 38 %, 24 %, and 0 % survival in those exposed to indoxacarb at LC₂₅ (2.14 g a.i. L⁻¹), LC₅₀ (3.08 g a.i. L⁻¹), LC₇₅ (4.42 g a.i. L⁻¹), and LC₉₀ (6.39 g a.i. L⁻¹), respectively. With increasing concentrations, the locomotor behavior of <em>A. gemmatalis</em> was altered, with shorter walking distances and longer resting time avoiding the treated area, indicating a strong repellent effect of the insecticide. The respiration rate of <em>A. gemmatalis</em> caterpillars decreased after exposure to indoxacarb. There was a reduction in food consumption by caterpillars treated with the insecticide, indicating a phagoinhibitory effect. In addition, histological changes were observed in the midgut of <em>A. gemmatalis</em>, including cytoplasmic vacuolization, an increased amount of cell fragments with nuclei released into the gut lumen, and degradation of the peritrophic matrix, indicating severe effects of cell degeneration. Indoxacarb caused both lethal and sublethal effects on <em>A</em>. <em>gemmatalis</em>, indicating its potential for the control of this pest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebrate frugivory in blueberry crops: Patterns across birds and mammals and consequences for yield","authors":"José Javier Jiménez-Albarral ,&nbsp;Daniel García ,&nbsp;Marcos Miñarro","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Damage and consumption of crops by vertebrates represent a significant source of conflict between humans and wildlife. This is particularly relevant in the context of small-fruit crops, such as blueberries, which are highly conspicuous, small-sized, and situated close to the ground, allowing a wide range of vertebrate species to swallow them whole and in large quantities. In the present study, we assessed the patterns of blueberry consumption by birds and mammals, and the effect of consumption on crop yield, in blueberry orchards in northern Spain. To this end, we characterised the fruit-eating vertebrate community through direct observation and camera traps in blueberry orchards, and conducted exclusion experiments in blueberry cultivars that ripen at different dates. The study was conducted in eight orchards over two consecutive years. We recorded 14 bird species and four mammal species consuming blueberries, with common blackbird (<em>Turdus merula</em> L.) and wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em> L.) accounting for more than 80 % of consumption events. Whereas frugivory by blackbirds was observed across orchards and cultivars, blueberry foraging by wild boar was highly localised. The exclusion experiments evidenced a negative impact of vertebrate frugivory on blueberry production. However, this impact was not homogeneous across sites, ranging from no impact to 74 % of yield loss. Similarly, vertebrate impact depended on the cultivar, with the early ripening cultivar being more susceptible to yield losses than late ripening cultivars. Further research is needed to ascertain what extrinsic (orchard and landscape structure) and intrinsic (abundance and physiological requirements of vertebrates) factors are responsible for the observed variability in yield loss across sites and cultivars. In terms of management, we recommend to prioritise bird deterrent methods to minimise the negative impact of vertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing behavior analysis of foxglove aphids on soybean genotypes using the DC-EPG system","authors":"Samuel A. Fasusi ,&nbsp;Bo Yoon Seo ,&nbsp;Hong Min Koh ,&nbsp;Ji-Min Kim ,&nbsp;Sungtaeg Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The foxglove aphid (FA), <em>Aulacorthum solani,</em> is a soybean pest that threatens food security. However, few studies on soybean plant resistance to FAs with resistance to <em>Aulacorthum solani</em> (<em>Raso</em>) genes have been conducted in Korea and Japan. Understanding how FAs infiltrate soybean plant tissues and identifying the location of resistance are crucial for the effective management of insect pests. This study focused on evaluating the probing behavior of FAs that fed on three susceptible and five (moderately and highly) resistant soybean genotypes using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. We used EPG to visualize the movement of the aphid stylet and probing behavior in soybean tissues. We carefully studied the eight distinct waveforms generated during 14 h of feeding. The susceptible genotypes exhibited shorter duration and frequency of non-probing (np) waveforms but higher duration and frequency of E2 waveforms. In contrast, moderately and highly resistant genotypes produced fewer E2 waveforms but more np waveforms. The lower frequency and duration of the E2 waveform values from the resistant genotypes indicated that the resistance factor was located in the phloem. Therefore, phloem defense mechanisms inhibit FA activity. This pioneering study characterized the probing behavior of FAs in various soybean genotypes. Understanding the variations in FA probing behavior across different genotypes is useful for elucidating the mechanism of FA resistance and can guide future research on plant-insect interactions to assist in selecting resistant genotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}