Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Sublethal and transgenerational effects of tetraniliprole on the tomato pinworm Phthorimaea (=Tuta) absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Invasive pest species of economic importance often require intensive pesticide use, leading to recurrent problems of pesticide resistance. Such is the case with the tomato pinworm, <em>Phthorimaea</em> (=<em>Tuta</em>) <em>absoluta</em> (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), requiring the use of new insecticidal compounds for their management. Tetraniliprole, a novel insecticide effective against lepidopteran, coleopteran, and dipteran pests, is a potential alternative against the tomato pinworm. This study investigates the sublethal effects of tetraniliprole on the development and reproduction of the parental (F₀) and progeny (F₁) generations of <em>P. absoluta</em> while exploring the underlying mechanisms. Sublethal tetraniliprole exposure extended larval duration and reduced pupation rate, emergence rate, hatchability, and fecundity in both the F₀ and F₁ of <em>P. absoluta</em>. Additionally, the life-table parameters of the F₁ generation were significantly altered, with decreases in net reproductive rate (<em>R</em>_<em>0</em>) and increases in the mean generation time (<em>T</em>), leading to decreases in the intrinsic rate of population growth (<em>r</em>). The relative fitness of F₁ insects exposed to tetraniloprole was reduced compared to unexposed insects (0.63 and 0.49, respectively). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of reproduction-related genes such as <em>TaVg</em> and <em>TaVgR</em> were down-regulated in the tetraniliprole-exposed insects. Finally, insect exposure to tetraniloprole increases the activity of the antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Taken together, these findings suggest that sublethal concentrations of tetraniloprole adversely affect both the development and reproduction of <em>P. absoluta</em>, providing a foundation for optimizing pest control strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity and fitness evaluation of Chrysoperla carnea resistant strains on cotton mealy bug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsely","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research was conducted to select chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin resistant strains of <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Moreover, fitness parameters of resistant <em>C. carnea</em> were evaluated after feeding on 2nd instars nymph of <em>Phenacoccus solenopsis</em> Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Two to three day old <em>C. carnea</em> larvae were used in each topical bioassay. The raw data of biological parameters were analysed using an age stage, two sex life table. After 16 and 13 rounds of selection, the Chlo-Sel and Bife-Sel strains of <em>C. carnea</em> developed 91- and 2.19-fold resistance level, respectively compared with the UN-Sel strain. Biological parameters such as larval duration (days), pupal duration (days), female longevity (days), male longevity (days), adult pre-oviposition period (APOP) (days), total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) (days), oviposition (days), reproductive female ratio (RepF/Fn), and fecundity/female (F) were significantly different while pre-adult female (days), pre-adult male (days), and female ratio (Nf/N) was not significantly different among all strains. Demographic parameters such as finite rate of increase (λ), mean generation time (T), intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (Ro), and gross reproductive rate (GRR) were significantly different while doubling time (DT) was significantly similar among all strains of <em>C. carnea</em>. This information could be helpful in developing and promoting the use of insecticide resistant strains of <em>C. carnea</em> for the management of <em>P. solenopsis</em> under field conditions. Moreover, knowledge of fitness advantages will be helpful in IPM for the development of control strategies against <em>P. solenopsis</em>. In order to explore the practical relevance of our findings, more research ought to be conducted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactivator insecticides for Coffeea arabica L. and toxic to Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The insecticides used on coffee plants can function as bioactivators for this species and be utilized to manage <em>Leucoptera coffeella</em>. Thus, the objectives were to verify the bioactivation action on the morphophysiology of the coffee plant and its toxicity to <em>L. coffeella</em>. The treatments were dinotefuran + flutriafol 450 SC, dinotefuran + pyriproxyfen (100 + 25) EW, imidacloprid 700 WG, flupyradifurone 200 SL, thiamethoxam 250 WG, thiamethoxam + cyproconazole 600 WG, and control (water). The physiology of coffee seedlings was evaluated at 10, 20, and 40 days after application (DAA) of the insecticides. Analyses of biometric variables for aerial and root development of seedlings and survival of <em>L. coffeella</em> larvae were conducted at 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 DAA. The insecticides did not alter the physiological parameters evaluated in the seedlings at 10, 20, and 40 DAA. At 60 and 80 DAA, height and leaf area were lower in seedlings treated with imidacloprid. The dry matter of the stem in seedlings treated with imidacloprid was lower than in other treatments. The volume and area of the roots of the seedlings at 80 DAA were higher in those that received the insecticide thiamethoxam 250 WG. All insecticides were toxic to <em>L. coffeella</em> larvae at all evaluation dates. The insecticides did not have bioactivator properties for aerial development. Thiamethoxam 250 WG has a bioactivator effect on root volume and area. The insecticides protect seedlings from infestation up to 80 DAA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newsletter","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106934","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusarium oxysporum causes the root rot disease of Polygonatum cyrtonema in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Polygonatum cyrtonema</em>, also known as Huangjing, belongs to the Liliaceae family and is a commonly used medicinal and edible plant in Asia. In recent years, <em>P</em>. <em>cyrtonema</em> root rot disease has frequently occurred in China, significantly impacting its yield and medicinal value. However, the pathogen of the disease has not yet been identified. In this study, we aimed to identify the pathogen causing the root rot disease of <em>P. cyrtonema</em> by applying morphological and molecular methods following Koch's postulates. Twelve fungal strains were isolated from nine diseased rhizomes of <em>P. cyrtonema</em>. Morphological analysis showed that the twelve isolates included eight colony types. Among that strain, HJ-5 has the typical characteristics of <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, including single-cell microconidia, chlamydospores, and sickle macroconidia. BLAST alignment and phylogenic tree based on the <em>tef1</em>, <em>rpb2</em>, <em>β-tubulin</em>, and ITS genes demonstrated that strain HJ-5 exhibits the highest similarity with <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. The strain HJ-5 is identified as <em>F. oxysporum</em> based on morphological and molecular characteristics. In addition, the pathogenicity test showed that among twelve isolates, only strain HJ-5 led to the rhizome softening and rotting on detached rhizomes and living plants of <em>P. cyrtonema</em>, consistent with symptoms observed in the field. To our knowledge, this is the first report on root rot disease in <em>P. cyrtonema</em> caused by <em>F. oxysporum</em> in China, which will provide a clear prevention and management target for the root rot disease of <em>P. cyrtonema</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing fresh root yield and quality of certified and farmer-saved cassava seed","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Formal systems supporting the delivery of high-quality cassava seed are being established in several key cassava producing countries in Africa. Questions remain, however, about the value of certified cassava seed when compared to seed which is recycled multiple times, which is standard farmer practice. A study was therefore conducted to compare fresh cassava root yields of high-quality seed (HQS) versus farmer-saved (recycled) seed (FSS) for three widely grown improved cassava varieties in Tanzania namely: <em>Mkuranga1</em>, <em>Kiroba</em> and <em>Mkombozi</em>. Field experiments were established in two sites in different agricultural zones: Mkuranga (Coast Zone) and Maruku (Lake Victoria Zone). Four HQS sources (pre-basic, basic, certified, quality-declared), collectively referred to as HQS, were compared with FSS with respect to cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) foliar and root incidences, fresh root yield, marketable fresh root yield, and usable fresh root yield for each variety in the two locations. Results showed that foliar CBSD incidence in FSS was significantly greater than it was for HQS in <em>Mkuranga1</em> and <em>Kiroba</em> varieties but not for <em>Mkombozi</em>. CBSD root incidence was on average six times more in FSS than in HQS. When comparing FSS with the specific certified seed treatment (CS), 25.8% of the roots were unusable due to CBSD root necrosis for FSS, compared to only 3.7% for CS. CS gave an overall fresh root yield which was 7.5 t/ha more than FSS, representing an 80.6% increase. Yield benefits derived from planting HQS were similar for <em>Kiroba</em> (+80.7%), <em>Mkombozi</em> (+81.3%) and <em>Mkuranga1</em> (+79.5%), as well as across each of the four HQS classes. When also considering losses arising from severe CBSD root necrosis, the overall yield benefit arising from using CS when compared to FSS was 135%. The average estimated income gain for this increase was US$ 2279/ha, which is many times the estimated cost of obtaining certified seed. These results highlight the value of high quality seed systems and the potential gains that farmers can realize from planting high quality certified seed rather than recycling existing crops.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219424003600/pdfft?md5=999a3cf462e25c530cf373ffa5e3100b&pid=1-s2.0-S0261219424003600-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity and efficacy of azadirachtin, and oxymatrine-based biopesticides against cabbage aphid and their impacts on predator insects","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aphidicidal activity and efficacy of azadirachtin- and oxymatrine-based biopesticides on the cabbage aphid <em>Brevicoryne brassicae</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and their impacts on the main insect predators of this aphid were assessed under laboratory, semi-field, or field conditions. Laboratory results showed that azadirachtin- and oxymatrine-based biopesticides provided high acute toxicity against <em>B. brassicae</em> nymphs and adult females, in a manner dependent on the concentration, developmental stage, and exposure time of insects to residues. Among the insect's developmental stages, <em>B. brassicae</em> nymphs were more susceptible to biopesticides than adult females. In addition to acute toxicity, the biopesticides reduced the number of offspring and the amount of honeydew excreted by <em>B. brassicae</em> adult females. Furthermore, the biopesticides induced a repellent effect on <em>B. brassicae</em> adult females. Despite their high toxicity, in semi-field conditions, the azadirachtin- and oxymatrine-based biopesticides showed low biological persistence [mortality &gt;80% up to 3 and 1 day after spraying (DAS), respectively] in comparison to the synthetic insecticide flupyradifurone (mortality &gt;80% up to 7 DAS), which was used as a positive control. However, in the field, the biopesticides demonstrated high efficacy in controlling the <em>B. brassicae</em> population, with no significant impact on the population levels of different species of lacewings, ladybugs, and syrphids, which are considered the main insect predators of the cabbage aphid in agroecosystems. Therefore, azadirachtin- and oxymatrine-based biopesticides constitute an important management measure for <em>B. brassicae</em> in agroecosystems, including those with an ecological basis where management tools are limited, and effective control tactics must be incorporated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic trends in maize diseases and pests across six regions in China over two decades","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maize production faces persistent threats from maize diseases and pests (MDPs) throughout its growth cycle, posing substantial risks to food security. However, understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of MDPs occurrences on a regional scale has remained elusive due to a lack of continuous observation data. This study curated a comprehensive dataset spanning two decades, from 1999 to 2018, across six key maize planting regions in China [Spring sown area in Northern China (1-NC), Summer sown region in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (2-HHP), Southwest Mountain Maize Region (3-SM), Southern Hilly Maize Region (4-SH), Northwest Irrigated Maize Region (5-NI), and Maize Region in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (6-QTP)]. The average extent of MDP occurrence in 1-NC and 2-HHP exceeded that in other regions over the two-decade period. Furthermore, the occurrence of MDPs exhibited a substantial increase in 1-NC, 2-HHP, 3-SM, 4-SH, and 5-NI over the same period. Meanwhile, the average occurrence intensity of MDPs in 2-HHP surpassed that in other regions. Notably, maize leaf blight and the Asian maize borer emerged as predominant diseases and pests in 1-NC, 2-HHP, 3-SM, 4-SH, and 5-NI. A bivariate trend analyses highlighted a notable increase in the species count for both the extent and intensity of MDP occurrences, including double-spotted leaf beetle in 1-NC, and cotton bollworm in 2-HHP. This extensive, long-term analysis offers a foundation for devising comprehensive strategies for MDP control on a national scale, enabling the formulation of tailored forecasting and control measures across six planting regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low acaricide resistance levels in citrus orchards field populations of the invasive spider mite Eutetranychus orientalis (Acari: Tetranychidae) collected from southern Türkiye","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The citrus brown mite <em>Eutetranychus orientalis</em> (Klein), is known as one of the most significant pests in citrus growing areas worldwide. It has recently caused outbreaks in the Mediterranean region of Türkiye. This study aimed to determine the resistance levels of <em>E</em>. <em>orientalis</em> populations between 2020 and 2021 collected from 9 commercial citrus orchards in Adana province against 5 different acaricides, in order to determine whether the observed population outbreak was due to acaricide resistance. The resistance ratios were changed between 1.67 and 2.50, 1.00–2.53, 1.85–3.68, 1.30–2.65, and 1.93–3.13-fold for abamectin, etoxazole, fenbutatin oxide, pyridaben, and spirodiclofen, respectively. The enzyme activity levels of carboxylesterase, glutathione S-transferase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ranged between 1.00 and 1.13, 1.02–1.52, and 0.94–1.72-fold, respectively. As a result of the resistance study carried out for the first time on this species in Türkiye, the resistance ratios were determined to be low for <em>E</em>. <em>orientalis</em> against acaricides. Although the current resistance rates were low, certain populations exhibited a noteworthy surge in enzyme activities when compared to the susceptible population. Based on these findings, it was concluded that by implementing an appropriate resistance management strategy using acaricides with different modes of action, it is possible to prevent potential resistance development and use these acaricides effectively on this spider mite species for many years through rotation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newsletter 185","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106914","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}