Crop Protection最新文献

Trichoderma spp. as a novel pathogen for maize post-flowering stalk rot in India 印度玉米花后茎腐病新病原菌木霉

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107255

J. Harish , M.K. Prasannakumar , R. Karan , Gopal Venkateshbabu , N. Vamsidharreddy , K.N. Pallavi , Swathi S. Patil , Pramesh Devanna , C. Manjunatha , H.B. Mahesh

{"title":"Trichoderma spp. as a novel pathogen for maize post-flowering stalk rot in India","authors":"J. Harish , M.K. Prasannakumar , R. Karan , Gopal Venkateshbabu , N. Vamsidharreddy , K.N. Pallavi , Swathi S. Patil , Pramesh Devanna , C. Manjunatha , H.B. Mahesh","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the role of Trichoderma species as causative agents of stalk rot in maize, representing the first documented case in India. The pathogens were isolated from the infected maize stalks collected from various regions, revealing three distinct Trichoderma isolates (HSRT46, HSRT47 and HSRT67), which exhibited variability in morphological traits such as colony color, mycelium type, pigmentation and conidial structures. Pathogenicity assays, conducted using the toothpick inoculation method, confirmed the virulence of the isolates, with lesion lengths ranging from 5 cm to 9 cm, with HSRT46 having the highest record. Molecular characterization using ITS-rDNA and TEF-1α sequencing identified the isolates as <em>Trichoderma afroharzianum</em> (HSRT46) and <em>T. harzianum</em> (HSRT47 and HSRT67). Phylogenetic analysis signified a close relationship with <em>T. atrobrunneum</em> and this finding revealed a dual role for Trichoderma, traditionally known for its biocontrol capabilities, which may act as opportunistic pathogens under favorable environmental conditions. This emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring of Trichoderma populations in maize, particularly in rain-fed regions, to mitigate the potential impacts on crop health and yield. Future research should aim to identify the conditions that cause Trichoderma to transition from a symbiotic to a pathogenic role, thus supporting the development of effective disease management strategies for sustainable maize production in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep learning models for detection and recognition of weed species in corn crop 玉米杂草种类检测与识别的深度学习模型

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107237

Everton Castelão Tetila , Gelson Wirti Junior , Gabriel Toshio Hirokawa Higa , Anderson Bessa da Costa , Willian Paraguassu Amorim , Hemerson Pistori , Jayme Garcia Arnal Barbedo

{"title":"Deep learning models for detection and recognition of weed species in corn crop","authors":"Everton Castelão Tetila , Gelson Wirti Junior , Gabriel Toshio Hirokawa Higa , Anderson Bessa da Costa , Willian Paraguassu Amorim , Hemerson Pistori , Jayme Garcia Arnal Barbedo","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weed detection and control are important challenges in modern agriculture. Weed infestation can significantly reduce crop yields. The identification of weeds by species, along with their location, is important to reduce production costs and the environmental impact resulting from the use of chemical control across the plantation. In this study, we assessed four deep learning models for detection and recognition of weed species in corn crop. UAV flights were carried out over six corn farming areas at an altitude of 10 meters. Using LabelImg, we labeled almost 10,000 samples of six weed species with high incidence in corn crops. The resulting WEED6C-Dataset was made available for academic purposes. Model assessment was carried out using a 5-fold cross-validation, three metrics for classification evaluation, and six metrics for detection evaluation. Experimental results showed evidence for statistically significant differences between the assessed models. In our experiments, the Faster R-CNN architecture obtained the best results for recall, f-score, RMSE, MAE, R<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, mAP50, mAP75 and mAP50-95. On the other hand, the SABL, FoveaBox and YOLOv3 architectures achieved higher precision rates for weed recognition in corn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors influencing management of Black Sigatoka disease of banana and plantain in the South-West Region of Cameroon 影响喀麦隆西南地区香蕉和大蕉黑叶斑病管理的因素

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107251

Ayat Ullah , Sylvanus Agbor Tabi , Miroslava Bavorova , Faizal Adams , Vladimir Verner

{"title":"Factors influencing management of Black Sigatoka disease of banana and plantain in the South-West Region of Cameroon","authors":"Ayat Ullah , Sylvanus Agbor Tabi , Miroslava Bavorova , Faizal Adams , Vladimir Verner","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bananas and plantains are major cash crops in Cameroon, contributing significantly to the national economy and the livelihoods of farmers. However, Black Sigatoka disease (BSD) severely affects the production of these crops, particularly among smallholder farmers. This study examines the control methods used by farmers and the factors influencing their choices in managing BSD. Data were collected from 322 smallholder banana and plantain farmers in the Limbe and Buea districts of Cameroon in 2022. A combination of descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Descriptive results reveal that 78.6 % of farmers have encountered BSD, with the most reported symptoms being black streaks, black dots, and dry patches on leaves (41.6 %). Farmers reported significant negative impacts of BSD on the selling price (62.4 %) and yield (55.3 %) of bananas and plantains. The findings indicate that chemical control methods, such as fungicide applications, are the most commonly used approach (69.9 %), while fewer farmers adopt non-chemical methods, including removing infected leaves and improving field sanitation. Multinomial logistic regression results show that older farmers, religious farmers, those with more farming experience, larger landholdings, and access to extension services are less likely to use non-chemical control methods. In contrast, farmers who are more educated, have received training, consider agriculture their main occupation, and primarily cultivate bananas and plantains are more likely to adopt non-chemical practices. We recommend providing targeted training on non-chemical BSD management methods and equipping extension workers to effectively disseminate this knowledge to farmers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of copper and magnesium-based nanomaterials in management of bacterial spot of pepper 铜、镁基纳米材料对辣椒细菌性斑病的防治效果

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107249

Apekshya Parajuli , Susannah Da Silva , Manoj Choudhary , Jorge Pereira , Swadeshmukul Santra , Jeffrey B. Jones , Mathews L. Paret

{"title":"Effects of copper and magnesium-based nanomaterials in management of bacterial spot of pepper","authors":"Apekshya Parajuli , Susannah Da Silva , Manoj Choudhary , Jorge Pereira , Swadeshmukul Santra , Jeffrey B. Jones , Mathews L. Paret","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial spot of pepper (BSP) is an important disease caused by <em>Xanthomonas</em> spp. Copper-based bactericides have been widely used to manage this disease over the decades. This has resulted in the development of copper resistance in the pathogen. To this date, as a standard practice, mancozeb mixed with a copper material has been used instead of copper alone to control copper-tolerant strains of the BSP pathogen. As a result of the build-up of copper-tolerant strains, there is a need for an alternative to copper bactericides. Based on results of previous studies for control of bacterial spot-on tomato, we tested core-shell silica copper (CS-Cu), a copper-based nanomaterial as well as some magnesium-based nanomaterials like magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium double coated copper (MgDC) and magnesium copper (MgCu) <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in planta</em> against <em>X. euvesicatoria</em>. In the <em>in vitro</em> experiments, all nanomaterials had bactericidal activity at concentrations as low as 200 ppm, ranging from 100-fold reduction to complete elimination of viable bacterial cells as compared to the commercial copper bactericide (Kocide 3000) and the control. In growth chamber experiments all the nanomaterials at 100 μg/ml or higher reduced disease severity ranging from 15 % to 56 % less disease compared to theuntreated control. In field experiments nanomaterials except MgO and MgCu at 100 μg/ml were able to reduce BSP severity ranging from 12 % to 50 % compared to untreated control, whereas their efficacy remained similar to that of Kocide-3000.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid and simple detection of alfalfa mosaic virus using RT-RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a based lateral flow assay in alfalfa crops in China RT-RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a横向流动法快速简便检测中国苜蓿花叶病毒

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107242

Han Yan, Cheng Guo, Lijun Zhao, Ling Chen, Shuxia Yin

{"title":"Rapid and simple detection of alfalfa mosaic virus using RT-RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a based lateral flow assay in alfalfa crops in China","authors":"Han Yan, Cheng Guo, Lijun Zhao, Ling Chen, Shuxia Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) has been reported as one of the most common and serious alfalfa-infecting viruses, significantly impacting alfalfa production worldwide. To establish a rapid and simple method for AMV detection in alfalfa crops in China, three novel methods were developed, including real-time fluorescent reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA), a one-tube one-step RT-RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a-based fluorescent assay, and a one-tube one-step RT-RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a-based lateral flow assay. RT-RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a-based detection methods combine one-step RT-RPA with CRISPR-Cas12a-based fluorescent or lateral flow detection in a single tube. Considering sensitivity, reaction time, ease of operation, and portability of instruments and reagents, the one-tube one-step RT-RPA-CRISPR-Cas12-based lateral flow assay was identified as the most suitable method for rapid field detection of AMV. This assay utilizes a pair of specific RT-RPA primers and a specific crRNA designed based on the conserved multifunctional coat protein gene sequences from 26 AMV isolates. The assay could be completed in approximately 1 h under isothermal conditions at 42 °C and 37 °C using a portable metal incubator. Sensitivity tests demonstrated that the assay could detect as low as 9.0 pg of total RNA extracted from AMV-infected alfalfa plants collected from Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Beijing, and Shanxi provinces in China, with no cross-reactivity with other alfalfa-infecting viral pathogens. Furthermore, its feasibility was validated by testing field-collected alfalfa samples. In conclusion, the developed one-tube one-step RT-RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a-based lateral flow assay offers a simple, sensitive, and efficient method for rapid AMV detection in the field, showing significant potential for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First report of Stempylium eturmiunum from garlic (Allium sativum L) growing areas of Türkiye 文章标题<s:1>基耶大蒜（Allium sativum L）种植区的灰茎属植物初报

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107253

Olcay Dedecan , Necla Güneş , Talap Talapov , Kamil Sarpkaya , Semiha Yüceer , Canan Can

{"title":"First report of Stempylium eturmiunum from garlic (Allium sativum L) growing areas of Türkiye","authors":"Olcay Dedecan , Necla Güneş , Talap Talapov , Kamil Sarpkaya , Semiha Yüceer , Canan Can","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) is an important species of the Amaryllidaceae family and is widely cultivated worldwide. The yield and quality of garlic production decrease due to pests and fungal agents. Survey studies conducted in Gaziantep (Araban and Oğuzeli districts) and Kahramanmaraş (Narlı district) garlic-growing areas between March and April 2020–2022 we observed white spots followed by dark green to black spore beds. Toward the end of May, yellowing and death of garlic plants occurred in severely infected fields. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected from 15 different garlic fields for pathogen isolation, with disease incidence around 90 %. A total of 39 <em>Stemphylium</em> spp. isolates were recovered, and their pathogenicity, morphology, and phylogeny were investigated. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), RNA polymerase II subunit beta (RPB2), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) regions, two isolates were identified as <em>S. eturmiunum</em>, a significant garlic pathogen causing serious yield losses worldwide. This is the first report of <em>S. eturmiunum</em> infecting garlic from Türkiye.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In memoriam of former IAPPS President Geoff Norton 纪念IAPPS前主席Geoff Norton

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107241

引用次数: 0

Managing endemic huanglongbing in commercial citrus production through vascular delivery of oxytetracycline 通过血管输送土霉素管理柑桔生产中的黄龙病

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107250

Ute Albrecht , Caroline Tardivo , Gerardo Moreno , Jasmine de Freitas , Ariel Singerman , Anne Plotto , Jinhe Bai

{"title":"Managing endemic huanglongbing in commercial citrus production through vascular delivery of oxytetracycline","authors":"Ute Albrecht , Caroline Tardivo , Gerardo Moreno , Jasmine de Freitas , Ariel Singerman , Anne Plotto , Jinhe Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bacterial disease huanglongbing (HLB) is devastating citrus industries around the world. Recent studies have identified trunk injection of oxytetracycline (OTC) as an effective method to reduce pathogen titers and restore citrus tree health and productivity. Here we assess the efficacy of OTC injections to mitigate HLB in a commercial citrus orchard in Florida over two production cycles. Nine-year-old ‘Valencia’ orange (<em>Citrus sinensis</em>) trees were injected with two rates of OTC in May 2022 and 2023 using two different injection methods and compared against non-injected trees. Regardless of the method, OTC injection significantly improved fruit yield and juice quality. At the lower rate (0.55 g OTC/tree) fruit yield increased by up to 66 % in year 1 and 95 % in year 2. At the higher rate (1.1 g OTC/tree) fruit yield increased by up to 70 % in year 1 and 121 % in year 2. Significant increases were also measured for fruit size, fruit weight, juice color, and soluble solids, regardless of the OTC rate although the higher rate generally produced better results. OTC residues in the fruits collected at harvest were below the maximum allowed level, regardless of the rate. Leaf bacterial titers measured one year after each injection were not different between injected and non-injected trees, suggesting that reinfection occurred and that repeated injections are necessary to maintain the beneficial effects of this therapy. The economic analysis showed that the cumulative result of OTC treatments over two seasons is positive, denoting that their benefit outweighed their cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The aromatic plant essential oils and their hormetic effect on Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) 芳香植物精油及其对 Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) 的激素作用

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107235

Prangthip Parichanon , Roberta Ascrizzi , Maria Cristina Echeverría , Priscilla Farina , Ylenia Pieracci , Guido Flamini , Federica Semprucci , Loretta Guidi , Eleonora Grassi , Theodora Isavella Gogou , Sania Ortega-Andrade , Barbara Conti

{"title":"The aromatic plant essential oils and their hormetic effect on Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)","authors":"Prangthip Parichanon , Roberta Ascrizzi , Maria Cristina Echeverría , Priscilla Farina , Ylenia Pieracci , Guido Flamini , Federica Semprucci , Loretta Guidi , Eleonora Grassi , Theodora Isavella Gogou , Sania Ortega-Andrade , Barbara Conti","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essential oils (EOs) are increasingly recognized as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides due to their biodegradability and reduced risks to non-target species. This study investigates the bioactivity of 30 EOs on <em>Rhyzopertha dominica</em>, a major pest of stored grains, with a focus on their repellency and attractiveness across varying concentrations. The area preference method (APM) was used to evaluate EO bioactivity at concentrations ranging from 0.00064 to 0.064 μL cm<sup>−2</sup>. The results revealed strong repellent or attractive activity for certain EOs, while others exhibited concentration-dependent dual effects, acting as attractants at lower concentrations and repellents at higher ones. In addition, the bioactivity shown in the APM by nine selected EOs was compared to that obtained by testing the same EOs through a two-choice behavioral bioassay (TCB) at corresponding concentrations. At a 2 % EO concentration, the TCB results indicated significant repellent activity (<em>p</em> < 0.05) for lemon verbena, palo santo, matico, pumin, cinnamon, and anise, which exhibited the strongest effects. In contrast, nutmeg demonstrated significant attractive properties (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Black pepper and mandarin EOs displayed trends toward repellency and attractiveness, respectively. Both methods confirmed the bioactivity of the EOs against <em>R. dominica</em>. These results underscore the concentration-dependent hormetic effects of EOs on <em>R. dominica</em> and highlight the importance of precise optimization in pest management strategies for their application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Fusarium ear rot and fumonisins in twenty Zambian maize genotypes 20个赞比亚玉米基因型穗腐镰刀菌和伏马菌素的鉴定

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107232

Doreen Malekano Chomba , Patrick Chiza Chikoti , Paul Walubita Kachapulula , Kenneth Kajarayekha M'siska , Altus Viljoen , Lindy Joy Rose PhD

{"title":"Evaluation of Fusarium ear rot and fumonisins in twenty Zambian maize genotypes","authors":"Doreen Malekano Chomba , Patrick Chiza Chikoti , Paul Walubita Kachapulula , Kenneth Kajarayekha M'siska , Altus Viljoen , Lindy Joy Rose PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusarium ear rot (FER) of maize, caused by <em>Fusarium verticillioides</em>, significantly impacts grain quantity and quality due to reduced yield and grain discolorations. The fungus produces fumonisins (FUM), a mycotoxin associated with noxious effects on humans and animals. In 2019/20 and 2020/21 seasons, 20 maize genotypes were evaluated for tolerance to FER/FUM contamination in field experiments conducted at Mt. Makulu and Msekera Research Stations located in Chilanga and Chipata districts respectively. Maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) plants were artificially inoculated with characterised Zambian isolates of <em>F. verticillioides,</em> and FER disease symptoms visually assessed<em>.</em> The accumulation of FUM in grain was quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Commercial hybrids, ZM04 (8.4 %; 207.6 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>), ZM15 (14.7 %; 281.4 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and ZM07 (17.4 %, 374.2 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>) consistently accumulated significantly lower FER severity and FUM when compared to the resistant check ZM01 (19.2 %; 384.1 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>) over the two years. ZM04 and ZM07 reaction to FER and FUM was stable in both environments. This study has demonstrated that the Zambian germplasm can serve as a valuable source of resistance to FER. Therefore, information on the tolerant genotypes should be shared with small-scale farmers to enable them to make informed decisions regarding the best genotypes to grow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0