Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Effects of difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin on the development, reproduction, and detoxifying metabolism of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)","authors":"Shuqi Yang, Yue Yuan, Xiongwei Zhang, Aoju Feng, Yaqin Zou, Pan Yao, Danni Ye, Kaiyi Zeng, Xiaolei Zhang, Zhihong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107081","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Spodoptera frugiperda</ce:italic> (J.E. Smith) is a major insect pest affecting corn globally. <ce:italic>S</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>frugiperda</ce:italic> often coincides with maize diseases, as their damage periods overlap. Consequently, <ce:italic>S. frugiperda</ce:italic> may be exposed to varying types and quantities of these fungicides during the growing season. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin on the biological and physiological traits of <ce:italic>S</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>frugiperda</ce:italic>. Treatment with difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin significantly prolonged the pupal development period in the F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0</ce:inf> generation of <ce:italic>S</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>frugiperda</ce:italic> compared to the control group. Additionally, exposure to difenoconazole shortened the development periods of the 1st and 6th instar larvae and reduced the adult preoviposition period (APOP) in the F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1</ce:inf> generation of <ce:italic>S. frugiperda</ce:italic>. However, it extended the development period of the 4th instar larvae and pupae, as well as overall longevity. The pyraclostrobin treatment group exhibited a shorter development period of 2nd instar larvae, as well as longer longevity, and more eggs/per female in the F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1</ce:inf> generation of <ce:italic>S</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>frugiperda</ce:italic>. Compared to the control group, the fecundity of the offspring of the pyraclostrobin treatment group increased by 68.24%. Furthermore, treatment with difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin significantly increased the intrinsic rate of increase (<ce:italic>r</ce:italic>) and the finite rate of increase (<ce:italic>λ</ce:italic>) in the F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1</ce:inf> generation of <ce:italic>S. frugiperda</ce:italic>, while significantly reducing the mean generation time (<ce:italic>T</ce:italic>). Additionally, mRNA expression levels of <ce:italic>CYP6AN4</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CYP340L1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CYP321A10</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CYP341A11</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>GST19</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>GST22</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CE13059</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CXE23</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>ABC01998, ABC18240</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>UGT17742</ce:italic> were significantly elevated in F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0</ce:inf> individuals from larvae treated with difenoconazole. Meanwhile, the relative expression levels of <ce:italic>CYP6AN4</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CYP340L1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CYP314A1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>GST19</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>GST22</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CE13095</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CXE20</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>ABC01998</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>ABC18240</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>ABC22158</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>ABC22158</ce:italic> in the larvae (F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0</ce:inf>) exposed to pyraclostrobin were also elevated. Compared to the control and difenoconazole treatment groups, the expression of ","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ephestia elutella diets on fitness of the third trophic level, the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)","authors":"Yao Huang, Xiuqin Wang, Houding Ou, Lan Wei, Xiaofei Yu, Bo Wang, Yi Mao, Maofa Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107079","url":null,"abstract":"In the three-level nutritional structure of plant–phytophagous insect–natural enemies, plants exert direct and indirect effects on natural enemies. Additionally, the effect of the host diet on natural enemies also has an indirect impact on pest control. Herein, the effects of two diets of <ce:italic>Ephestia elutella</ce:italic> on the fitness of its natural enemy <ce:italic>Habrobracon hebetor</ce:italic> were studied using an age–stage, two-sex life table analysis. The results indicated that the total fecundity, the number of eggs laid during each oviposition day (<ce:italic>Ed</ce:italic>), oviposition days, and female longevity of the <ce:italic>H. hebetor</ce:italic> of F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0</ce:inf> generation parasitized on <ce:italic>E. elutella</ce:italic> fed an artificial diet were significantly higher than those on <ce:italic>E. elutella</ce:italic> fed tobacco leaves. The pre-adult survival, paralysis, and parasitism rates of the <ce:italic>H. hebetor</ce:italic> F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1</ce:inf> generation parasitized on <ce:italic>E. elutella</ce:italic> fed an artificial diet were also significantly higher than those on <ce:italic>E. elutella</ce:italic> fed tobacco leaves. The results provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale propagation of <ce:italic>H. hebetor</ce:italic> in the laboratory and for improving the efficiency of <ce:italic>H. hebetor</ce:italic> in controlling <ce:italic>E. elutella</ce:italic> in tobacco warehouses.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Phytophthora and Phytopythium oomycete diseases in durian (Duriozibethinus)","authors":"Ajit Singh, Caryn Chow, Kevin Nathaniel, Yap Lip Vun, Sumera Javad, Khajista Jabeen","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107086","url":null,"abstract":"Durian (<ce:italic>Durio zibethinus</ce:italic> L.) is a valuable fruit crop originating from Borneo and widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Increasing consumer demand, particularly from China, has boosted its trade and value. However, the durian industry faces significant challenges from the devastating pathogens <ce:italic>Phytophthora palmivora</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Phytopythium vexans</ce:italic>, which cause various forms of rot and dieback, leading to economic losses. Current management strategies include cultural practices, synthetic fungicides, biological controls, and integrated management. While cultural practices and synthetic fungicides are commonly used, they have limitations such as health and environmental risks, labor intensity, and inconsistent effectiveness. Alternative approaches, such as gene silencing of Protein Phosphatase 2A to produce disease-resistant plants and the use of plant extracts with antimicrobial properties, show promise and warrant further exploration. This review aims to guide farmers and beginners in exploring alternative methods for managing durian diseases.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial biological control of Botrytis bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) crops: A meta-analysis","authors":"Alexandra Díez-Méndez, Isabel García-Izquierdo, Jorge Poveda","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107085","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating impacts of climate change are exacerbating the spread and intensity of Botrytis bunch rot (BBR), a devastating grapevine disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus <ce:italic>Botrytis cinerea</ce:italic>. Growers have traditionally relied on synthetic fungicides to manage BBR, but the increasing resistance of <ce:italic>B. cinerea</ce:italic> to these chemicals, coupled with growing environmental concerns, has intensified the search for more sustainable and eco-friendly control strategies. Microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) have emerged as a promising alternative for BBR management. This review explores research on using MBCAs to control BBR in grapevine fields. Various microorganisms have shown efficacy, including bacteria such as <ce:italic>Bacillus subtilis</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>B. amyloliquefaciens</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>B. ginsengihumi</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>Pantoea agglomerans</ce:italic> or <ce:italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens</ce:italic>, yeasts such as <ce:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>Metschnikowia fructicola</ce:italic> or <ce:italic>Candida sake</ce:italic>, and filamentous fungi such as <ce:italic>Trichoderma asperellum</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>T. pseudokoningii</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>Fusarium solani</ce:italic> or <ce:italic>Ulocladium atrum</ce:italic>. These MBCAs employ diverse mechanisms of action, including direct antagonism through competition for space and nutrients, the production of lytic enzymes that degrade fungal cell walls, and the induction of plant defense mechanisms at both local and systemic levels. However, the effectiveness of these MBCAs can be influenced by environmental factors, with high temperatures and low humidity generally favoring their activity. Further research is needed to optimize MBCA application methods, elucidate the complex interactions between MBCAs, the pathogen, and the grapevine host, and explore the potential of combining multiple MBCAs for enhanced disease control. Integrating MBCAs with other sustainable practices offers a more holistic approach to BBR management, paving the way for a more environmentally friendly and effective strategy to combat this devastating disease.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"258 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of herbicide options in controlling purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in onion (Allium cepa L.) fields","authors":"Mohammad Roozkhosh, Mehdi Rastgoo, Kamal Haj mohammadnia Ghalibaf, Behrooz Khalil Tahmasebi, Ahmad Aien","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107084","url":null,"abstract":"Purple nutsedge (<ce:italic>Cyperus rotundus</ce:italic> L.) is a major weed problem worldwide, particularly in onion (<ce:italic>Allium cepa</ce:italic> L.) fields in Iran. No specific herbicide has been registered or reported for controlling purple nutsedge in onion fields in the country. To address this, two field experiments were conducted over two years (2021 and 2022) at the Jiroft Culture and Industry Company in Jiroft, Kerman, Iran, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 13 treatments and three replications. The experiments aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various chemical control methods on onion and purple nutsedge growth.The results indicated that all herbicides significantly reduced the stem number, tuber number, and both aboveground and belowground dry weight of purple nutsedge. The highest level of weed control (100%) was achieved with a combination of Florasulam + Fluazifop P butyl + Pretilachlor and Allyl isothiocyanate, with no phytotoxic effects on onions. The highest onion yields were observed in plots treated with Florasulam + Fluazifop P butyl + Pretilachlor (ranging from 75.047 to 71.856 t ha-1) and Allyl isothiocyanate (ranging from 73.618 to 71.323 t ha-1). Furthermore, purple nutsedge competition reduced onion yield by 88.97% and 90.80% compared to the weed-free control over the two years of the experiment.While Council and Krismat herbicides effectively suppressed purple nutsedge growth, they caused damage to the onion plants. Based on the results, the application of Florasulam + Fluazifop P butyl + Pretilachlor (800 g per hectare) and Allyl isothiocyanate (280 L per hectare) is recommended for controlling purple nutsedge in onion fields. Although Allyl isothiocyanate, as a bio-herbicide, showed promising results similar to the chemical herbicide, Florasulam + Fluazifop P butyl + Pretilachlor is more cost-effective, easier to apply, and safer for users.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Fusarium oxysporum, the cause of Fusarium wilt on Codonopsis pilosula in Shanxi Province (Lu Dangshen), China","authors":"Yan Wang, Dainan Hao, Haozhe Jiang, Zhaoxiong Fei, Rui Zhao, Jiaxin Gao, Guangxin Li, Chunwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107083","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Codonopsis pilosula</ce:italic>, an important genuine herb in Shanxi Province, is generally named Lu Dangshen, and is well-known for its high medicinal value. In 2023, Fusarium wilt, a newly observed severe disease on <ce:italic>C</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>pilosula</ce:italic>, is responsible for approximately 40% incidence in the field. It was noticed that the diseased <ce:italic>C. pilosula</ce:italic> roots were usually asymptomatic on the surface. The typical symptoms were vascular discoloration, wilt, and leaves chlorosis. A total of 87 <ce:italic>Fusarium</ce:italic> isolates were isolated from diseased samples, and identified as <ce:italic>Fusarium oxysporum</ce:italic> based on morphological features and partial sequences analyses of internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (<ce:italic>TEF-1α</ce:italic>) and endopolygalacturonase 1 (<ce:italic>pg1</ce:italic>). Of the 87 <ce:italic>Fusarium oxysporum</ce:italic> isolates, the causal agents were separated into three distinct groups (Groups I, II and III). The virulence of each <ce:italic>F</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>oxysporum</ce:italic> isolate to <ce:italic>C</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>pilosula</ce:italic> was determined by measuring the disease incidence and Fusarium wilt severity. All the 87 <ce:italic>Fusarium oxysporum</ce:italic> isolates could cause typical symptoms similar to that originally appeared on diseased plants, and present significantly different pathogenic to <ce:italic>C. pilosula</ce:italic>. All tested isolates were highly sensitive to jinggangmycin, azoxystrobin, fludioxonil and epoxiconazole (EC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">50</ce:inf> &lt; 10 μg/mL), and insensitive to iprodione and hymexazol. Additionally, <ce:italic>F. oxysporum</ce:italic> isolates have a low risk for fungicide resistance to jinggangmycin, iprodione and epoxiconazole. Thus, jinggangmycin and epoxiconazole should be recommended for the control of this disease. Our finding in this study should be useful for the understanding of Fusarium wilt of <ce:italic>C</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>pilosula</ce:italic> caused by <ce:italic>F. oxysporum</ce:italic>.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative performance of biological formulations for the management of Meloidogyne enterolobii in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)","authors":"Dwillian Firmiano Cunha, Thávio Júnior Barbosa Pinto, Valdir Ribeiro Correia, Aldegundes Batista Miranda Júnior, Felipe Santos Rafael, Leandro Alves Santos, Érica Vicente dos Santos, Juvenil Enrique Cares, Leonardo Silva Boiteux, Jadir Borges Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107082","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Meloidogyne enterolobii</ce:italic> can reduce yield and quality of chickpea. Thus far, no resistant cultivars have been reported. Hence, a study was carried out to evaluate the relative performance of biological products for the management of <ce:italic>M. enterolobii</ce:italic> on chickpea. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with ten treatments (five formulations of antagonistic fungi and bacteria applied either individually or in mixtures) and four controls (non-inoculated and inoculated chickpea and tomato plants). Each plant was inoculated with 4000 eggs and second-stage <ce:italic>M. enterolobii</ce:italic> juveniles (J2). Evaluation was done 60 days after inoculation for gall index, number of eggs per gram of roots, reproduction factor (RF), plant height, shoot, and root weight. None of the treatments fully suppressed infection. However, a subset of formulation mixtures displayed significant reduction in the levels of damage when compared to the untreated check. The treatments with best performance were [<ce:italic>Purpureocillium lilacinum</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>Trichoderma harzanium</ce:italic>] (57–74% reduction) and [<ce:italic>Pochonia chlamydosporia</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>P. lilacinum</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>B. pumilus</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>B. subtilis</ce:italic>] (58–65% reduction), whereas [<ce:italic>P. chlamydosporia</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>P. lilacinum</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>T. harzanium</ce:italic>] and [<ce:italic>B. amyloliquefaciens</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>B. pumilus</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>B. subtilis</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>T. harzanium</ce:italic>] displayed the lowest levels of suppression (0–42%). Higher plant height and fresh shoot weight were observed with [<ce:italic>P. chlamydosporia</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>P. lilacinum</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>B. amyloliquefaciens</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>B. pumilus</ce:italic> + <ce:italic>B. subtilis</ce:italic>]. Hence, considering the low efficiency of the currently available management methods, the employment of these microbiological products might help to reduce the negative impacts of <ce:italic>M. enterolobii</ce:italic> in infested fields.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing site-specific weed detection using deep learning transformer architectures","authors":"Francisco Garibaldi-Márquez, Daniel A. Martínez-Barba, Luis E. Montañez-Franco, Gerardo Flores, Luis M. Valentín-Coronado","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107075","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of weeds is essential to implement an intelligent weed control system in natural corn fields. Then, to address this issue, the Swin-UNet, Segmenter, and SegFormer deep learning transformer architectures have been implemented and compared. Furthermore, a simple thresholding method has been performed to enhance the segmentation. Moreover, a large pixel-level annotated image dataset acquired under natural field conditions is introduced to train the models. In addition, the well-known Precision, Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Intersection over Union (IoU), and mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) metrics have been used to evaluate the implemented models’ performance. According to the experimental results, the SegFormer architecture was the best model on each of the three proposed weed detection approaches, achieving a macro performance of up to 94.49%, 95.30%, and 91.26% for Precision, DSC, and mIoU, respectively.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Fusarium concentricum and F. verticillioides causing leaf spot on Trachelospermum jasminoides in China","authors":"Mengting Jiang, Yifei Wang, Qiuqin Wang, Xiuyu Zhang, Yu Wan, Yinjuan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107071","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Trachelospermum jasminoides</ce:italic> (Lindl.) Lem. Is widely used in landscaping. In August 2023, leaf spot disease in <ce:italic>T. jasminoides</ce:italic> was observed in the city parks and foresty districts of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Symptoms of the disease include gray‒white spots of different sizes and round or irregular shapes, and late leaf spots are very prone to crumbling, the formation of perforation symptoms, and leaf scorching and shedding. Pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased leaves and identified as <ce:italic>Fusarium concentricum</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>F. verticillioides</ce:italic> on the basis of morphological features and multilocus phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, RNA polymerase II subunit B (RPB2), calmodulin (CaM), β-tubulin (TUB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) gene sequences. Pathogenicity tests revealed that <ce:italic>F. concentricum</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>F. verticillioides</ce:italic> can cause leaf spot on <ce:italic>T. jasminoides</ce:italic>. This study is the first report of <ce:italic>F. concentricum</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>F. verticillioides</ce:italic> causing leaf spot on <ce:italic>T. jasminoides</ce:italic> in China and provides a solid theoretical foundation for the scientific prevention and control of this disease.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Amaranthus spp. weed presence on the population abundance of Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in genetically engineered soybean crops","authors":"Jorge G. Hill, Paula G. Páez Jerez, Patricia C. Fernández, Facundo Herrera Linares, M Florencia Rocha, M Teresa Vera","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107080","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of herbicide-resistant and Bt crops has led to significant disruption in weed and insect pest communities. Using pheromone-baited traps, we assessed the impact of varying levels of <ce:italic>Amaranthus</ce:italic> infestation on the population abundance of <ce:italic>S. cosmioides</ce:italic> in both Bt and non-Bt soybeans. Additionally, we monitored the abundance of <ce:italic>S. cosmioides</ce:italic> and other leaf-chewing larvae in these soybeans employing the vertical beat sheet method. There was no difference in the number of <ce:italic>S. cosmioides</ce:italic> adults captured by pheromone-baited traps in Bt and non-Bt soybeans. Traps placed in plots with high <ce:italic>Amaranthus</ce:italic> levels captured 68.3% more <ce:italic>S. cosmioides</ce:italic> males than those with low <ce:italic>Amaranthus</ce:italic> presence. Similarly, a higher number of <ce:italic>S. cosmioides</ce:italic> larvae were recorded in soybean plots with high <ce:italic>Amaranthus</ce:italic> levels. In Bt soybean, the larvae of <ce:italic>S. cosmioides</ce:italic> were the most abundant Lepidoptera, although its populations were surpassed in the second crop season by <ce:italic>R. nu</ce:italic>. In non-Bt soybean, <ce:italic>C. includens</ce:italic> was the dominant species throughout both crop seasons, and its larval abundance was unaffected by <ce:italic>Amaranthus</ce:italic> infestation levels. The presence of green bridges may facilitate the colonization of <ce:italic>S. cosmioides</ce:italic> in soybean crops, as adults and larvae were more abundant in soybeans with high levels of <ce:italic>Amaranthus</ce:italic> infestation. Moreover, the influence of other key species such as <ce:italic>C. includens</ce:italic> negatively affected the abundance of <ce:italic>S. cosmioides</ce:italic> in non-Bt soybean. A combined approach of constant monitoring and management of difficult-to-control weeds is crucial for managing polyphagous pests.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}