Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Farmer knowledge of cassava brown streak and cassava mosaic diseases in Tanzania","authors":"Juma W. Yabeja ,&nbsp;Mkabwa L.K. Manoko ,&nbsp;Rudolph R. Shirima ,&nbsp;James P. Legg","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The virus diseases – cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) – are the most important biotic constraints to cassava production in Tanzania. They are being addressed through the dissemination of improved cassava varieties through a formalized seed (= planting material) system. For this to succeed, however, it is essential that producers of cassava seed and roots can recognize and manage the diseases. A baseline study was therefore conducted to assess farmer knowledge of CBSD and CMD in north-western and southern Tanzania. Sixty farmers were interviewed to assess their knowledge and understanding of cassava diseases. All 60 farmers were aware of the symptoms of CBSD and CMD, although few knew their names. Most use a variety of local names for these diseases, such as cassava fever, cassava fog, or other local language names that refer to other pests and diseases. None of the farmers knew the cause of CBSD, although one farmer was aware that viruses cause CMD. Most farmers had no suggestion about how these diseases spread, although some associated spread with harvesting tools (1.7 %) or drought (3.4 %). Most farmers had not received information about CMD or CBSD from any source. Information sources that were reported were extension services and cassava seed producers. The majority (&gt;71 %) of the interviewed farmers did report selecting vigorous plants for planting material in the hope of minimizing negative impacts of diseases. When choosing varieties, farmers selection criteria, in order of importance were: high yield, sweetness, storability, disease resistance, and accessibility. More than 80 % of farmers met their seed requirements by recycling material either from their own or neighbours’ plots, while 17 % sourced improved varieties obtained from seed producers. Farmers reported recycling their saved seed for an average of 7.9 years. Of the farmers who had previously grown improved varieties, 14.3 % had returned to growing local varieties primarily due to marketing challenges, but 85.7 % continued to grow the improved material. Overall, these results highlight continued weaknesses in farmer knowledge and understanding of cassava virus diseases and their associated crop losses, as well as limited recognition of the benefits of high-quality certified planting material of improved varieties. This emphasizes the need for further farmer awareness creation through training and provision of extension advice as well as strengthened efforts by cassava breeders to develop varieties that combine virus disease resistance with the other key traits demanded by farmers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative age-stage, two-sex life table analysis of native and abamectin and bifenazate-resistant populations of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under laboratory conditions","authors":"Ceren Doğan ,&nbsp;Nabi Alper Kumral","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Amblyseius swirskii</em> Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an effective biocontrol agent used against whiteflies, thrips, and spider mites in crops. This study assessed the effects of an acaricide of abamectin + bifenazate mixture on the life tables of native (NP) and acaricide-resistant (S6) populations of <em>A. swirskii</em> under controlled conditions in growth chambers set to 28 ± 1 °C, 80 ± 5 % relative humidity, and a 16:8 h light:dark photoperiod. The S6 population, with 25-fold resistance to abamectin+bifenazate, was developed from NP through six selections. Life history and population growth parameters were analyzed under untreated and acaricide-treated conditions at the recommended concentration. Under untreated conditions, developmental durations were similar between S6 and NP, but S6 females had longer lifespans, higher fecundity, and longer oviposition periods. The intrinsic rate of increase (<em>r</em>), net reproductive rate (<em>R</em>_<em>0</em>), and finite rate of increase (<em>λ</em>) were not significantly different between S6 and NP. Under acaricide-treated conditions, S6 females had longer lifespans and oviposition periods, with significantly higher fecundity. The reproductive parameters <em>R</em>_<em>0</em>, <em>r</em>, and <em>λ</em> were higher in S6 than NP. These results suggest that resistance to abamectin and bifenazate did not negatively impact the fitness components of <em>A. swirskii,</em> providing valuable insights for integrated pest management (IPM) programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes and thiamethoxam to manage mature larvae of Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae)","authors":"Haibin Wu ,&nbsp;Ganyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhu ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Tingting Liu ,&nbsp;Mian Wang ,&nbsp;Kang Qiao ,&nbsp;Lili Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The peach fruit moth, <em>Carposina sasakii</em>, is a constant threat to pome and stone fruits. In this study, seven entomopathogenic nematode species (EPNs), including <em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em> H06 (H06), <em>Steinernema carpocapsae</em> All (All), <em>Steinernema feltiae</em> JY-90 (JY-90), <em>S. carpocapsae</em> NC116 (NC116), <em>Steinernema longicaudum</em> X-7 (X-7), <em>S. feltiae</em> SF-SN (Sf) and <em>Heterorhabditis indica</em> LN2 (LN2) were tested for biotoxicity against <em>C. sasakii</em> mature larvae. Then the effects of temperature and soil moisture on the mortality of <em>C. sasakii</em> mature larvae caused by the three most efficient EPNs combined with thiamethoxam were further evaluated. Moreover, H06, the most effective species, was employed to determine the synergistic effects with thiamethoxam to control <em>C. sasakii</em> under laboratory and field conditions. Results showed that H06, LN2 and X-7 caused high mortality of <em>C. sasakii</em> mature larvae, and an additive effect was found between the three EPNs at 2.0 billion infective juveniles (IJs)/ha and thiamethoxam at 1.5 kg/ha under laboratory conditions. In combination with thiamethoxam, H06 caused higher mortality than X-7 and LN2 at 20 °C and substrate moisture of 10–18 %. Synergism was observed between H06 at 1.0 and 1.5 billion IJs/ha and thiamethoxam at 0.5 and 0.75 kg/ha. In the field trials, H06 at 1.0 billion IJs/ha + thiamethoxam at 0.5 kg/ha applied twice had greater control effects than that of a single treatment with H06 at 3.0 billion IJs/ha + thiamethoxam at 1.5 kg/ha. Compared to traditional chlorantraniliprole treatment, H06 + thiamethoxam displayed the greatest control effect, which reached a minimum control efficacy of 93.08 % for up to three months. Taken together, this new type technology transformed traditional chemical control using conventional spray method against adults, eggs and newly hatched larvae into the synergistic combination of a biological agent and a chemical agent against <em>C. sasakii</em> mature larvae under the soil. The results suggested that the technique to control <em>C. sasakii</em> mature larvae in soil was a promising method to be incorporated in the integrated management programs in fruit production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the dynamic impact behavior of spray droplets on rice foliage","authors":"Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Xue Li ,&nbsp;Daipeng Lu ,&nbsp;Yihao Liu ,&nbsp;Xibing Li ,&nbsp;Shilin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice, as a hydrophobic plant, exhibits minimal adhesion of pesticide droplets on its foliage, posing a significant challenge in reducing droplet runoff and minimizing pesticide usage during chemical application in paddy fields. To reveal the droplet impaction mechanism on rice foliage, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of droplet behavior prediction was established via the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The predictive model numerically computed the process of a single droplet impacting the horizontal rice leaf surface, and simulated the impact behavior of gas-liquid two phases on the solid surface. By exploring the dynamic collision behavior law of droplets on the target blade, the collision outcomes (adhesion, bound and shatter) of droplets on the target leaf surfaces were predicted. Simulation results showed that the droplet size and impact velocity were the main factors affecting the impact outcomes. Additionally, smaller and lower velocity droplets are more prone to retention on the target. Droplets with diameter of 100, 200, and 300 μm adhered with the impact velocity of 1.0, 0.7, and 0.5 m/s, and bounced within the impact velocity range of 1.1–6.9, 0.7–4.5, and 0.5–3.5 m/s, respectively. The critical <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> value of droplet breaking was 42.81. Subsequently, a logistic regression model was established due to critical parameters of CFD simulations. To validate the model, high-speed photography was used to track the collision behavior of droplets on rice leaves. Droplet impact test demonstrated a good agreement between predicted simulation and experimental results, proving the authenticity of using the CFD model to simulate motion of droplets impacting on the rice foliage. This is of practical significance for guiding chemical application in paddy fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rock dust and poultry manure amendments suppress root-knot nematodes and enhance fruit yield in watermelon fields","authors":"Olaide Ayodele Oladeji ,&nbsp;Jonathan Jeremiah Atungwu ,&nbsp;Mariam Olugbemileke Otusanya ,&nbsp;Florence Alaba Olowokere ,&nbsp;Solabomi Olaitan Ayoade ,&nbsp;Moses Akintayo Aborisade","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Root-knot nematodes (RKN) severely reduce watermelon yields worldwide, despite its nutraceutical value<strong>.</strong> This study investigated the effects of rock dust (RD) and poultry manure (PM) amendments, applied singly or in combination, on RKN suppression and watermelon fruit yield enhancement. A two-trial field experiment was conducted utilizing a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The treatments included RD and PM each applied at 0, 2.5, or 5 t/ha and combined applications of RD and PM at 2.5 or 5 t/ha each. At 60–66 days post-inoculation, root galling and RKN population density were assessed alongside root-shoot weight. The results indicated that root galling in watermelons was reduced by 60–85 % and 67–89 % in the combined RD- and PM-treated plots across the 1st and 2nd trials, respectively, in contrast to the control plots. Likewise, the RKN population was suppressed by 94–99 % in treated plots in both trials, differing from the control plots. Notably, watermelon fruit yield was significantly higher (<em>p</em> &lt; <em>0.05</em>) in combined RD and PM treated plots, ranging from 24.7 to 33.7 t/ha and 34.6–46.5 t/ha in the 1st and 2nd trials, respectively, compared to control plots with 13.5 t/ha in the 1st trial compared to and 20.9 t/ha yield in the 2nd trial. In conclusion, our study indicates that co-application of RD and PM effectively reduced RKN damage and enhanced watermelon fruit yield, providing a sustainable strategy for watermelon production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance risk assessment and associated fitness cost of fluxametamide in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)","authors":"Priscilla Amponsah ,&nbsp;Ali Hasnain ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Enling Zhan ,&nbsp;Guanghua Luo ,&nbsp;Bin Zhu ,&nbsp;Chunqing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rice stem borer (RSB), <em>Chilo suppressalis</em> Walker, is a major agricultural pest resistant to multiple insecticides, emphasizing the need for novel insecticides. Fluxametamide, a recently developed isoxazoline insecticide, has demonstrated strong efficacy against lepidopteran pests, including RSB. In this study, the resistance risk of RSB to fluxametamide was evaluated, along with the potential fitness costs associated with resistance. After 10 generations of continuous selection, the LC₅₀ values for third-instar larvae of RSB increased from 0.195 mg/kg to 0.392 mg/kg, resulting in a 2.01-fold rise in resistance. The realized heritability (<em>h</em>^<em>2</em>) was 0.082, and the predicted rate of resistance development suggested that with a slope of 1.920 and <em>h</em>^<em>2</em> of 0.082, a 10-fold increase in LC₅₀ would require 13 to 29 generations using selection intensities of 90 % and 50 %, respectively. The life table analysis showed a significant increase in durations of the egg stage, first- and sixth- instar larvae, for the fluxametamide-selected (Flux-SEL) strain, while the pupal durations, male and female longevity, pupal weights, and fecundity were significantly reduced compared to the laboratory strain (WT). A significant decrease in the intrinsic rate of increase (<em>r</em>), the finite rate of increase (<em>λ</em>), and the net reproduction rate (<em>R</em>_<em>0</em>) was also observed in the Flux-SEL strain. The final relative fitness (<em>R</em>_<em>f</em>) value of 0.52 was obtained after 10 generations of selection. These findings provide an understanding of laboratory-induced insecticide resistance evolution and the related fitness costs in RSB. This information is valuable for developing effective fluxametamide application strategies aimed at managing resistance in RSB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity effects of chlorfenapyr on the biological performance of the predatory mite, Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)","authors":"Shenhang Cheng ,&nbsp;Haonan Li ,&nbsp;Qipeng Wei ,&nbsp;Zhipu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the effects of acaricides on predatory mites is essential for integrated pest management programs. <em>Neoseiulus barkeri</em> (Hughes) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) has been proved as a key predator of pest sucking insect pests in different crops scenarios. As a pyrrole insecticide with a new mode of action, the compatibility between chlorfenapyr and predatory mites has been rarely reported. In this study, the acute and persistent toxicity of the acaricide chlorfenapyr on the predatory mite <em>N. barkeri</em> fed on <em>Tetranychus cinnabarinus</em> (Boisduval) were assessed after direct exposure in laboratory conditions. The results of toxicity test reveal that chlorfenapyr had a higher bioactivity to <em>T. cinnabarinus</em> than <em>N. barkeri</em>. To further determine the long-term toxicity of chlorfenapyr on the biological agent <em>N. barkeri</em>, the sublethal effects of next generation were carried out after maternal exposure to MFRC and 1/2 MFRC. These two treatment levels prolonged the developmental time of larva, protonymph and deutonymph and reduced the longevity, oviposition days (OP), and adult pre-oviposition period (APOP) and total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) of adults. It is worth noting that although MFRC and 1/2 MFRC reduced the predation of <em>N. barkeri</em> to <em>T. cinnabarinus</em> and slowed down the population development of <em>N. barkeri</em>, there was a significant growth trend in the population of <em>N. barkeri</em> and which showed a good control effect on <em>T. cinnabarinus</em>. The results provide valuable information for implementing biological and chemical control strategies in integrated pest management of <em>T. cinnabarinus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on Stemona japonica (BaiBu) in the Guizhou Province of China","authors":"Chengqing Yang ,&nbsp;Zhen Su ,&nbsp;Maoxian Wang ,&nbsp;Junyi Gao ,&nbsp;Dengquan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongshun Cai ,&nbsp;Cheng Li ,&nbsp;Fengquan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Stemona japonica</em> BaiBu is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for the treatment of respiratory disorders and as an insecticide<em>.</em> It has a wide range of pharmacological effects. <em>Stemonae</em> Radix is the term used in clinical settings. It refers to the medicinal root derived from one or more <em>Stemona</em> species and is one of the most used TCMs. It functions by moistening the lungs, thereby relieving coughing. It is often used to treat coughs and asthma, including acute and chronic bronchitis, pertussis, and tuberculosis. Currently, it is grown on a large scale in Huangping County, Guizhou Province; however, recent observations revealed the prevalence of leaf spot disease affecting <em>S. japonica</em>, leading to decreased yield. After investigating the disease in this study, the affected leaves were collected and transported to the laboratory. Susceptible leaf tissues were isolated using tissue isolation. Botrytis-like strains were consistently isolated from the diseased leaf tissues. Based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene (<em>RBP2, G3PDH</em>, and <em>HSP60</em>) phylogenetic analyses, the fungi were identified as <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>. Pathogenicity tests showed that the selected <em>B</em>.<em>cinerea</em> strain could infect <em>S. japonica</em> leaves using non-wound inoculation. This represents the first report of <em>B. cinerea</em> causing leaf blight on <em>S. japonica</em> globally. This study provides a scientific rationale for the subsequent control of this disease, which is expected to reduce the incidence of leaf spot disease and increase the yield of <em>S. japonica.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the biocontrol potential of Apertochrysa astur Banks (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) against aphids using life table, predation and projection analyses","authors":"M. Shashikala,&nbsp;B.V. Jayanth,&nbsp;Gundreddy Rajareddy,&nbsp;Edula Udaykumar,&nbsp;Gouranga Saw,&nbsp;Bishwajeet Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensive agriculture, with its growing reliance on synthetic pesticides, has directly contributed to insect pest resistance while posing health risks through chemical residues in food. This critical situation underscores the need for alternative, environmentally friendly pest management strategies. In this context, an experiment was conducted to investigate the biology, life table, and population parameters of the generalist predator <em>Apertochrysa astur</em> Banks (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on three aphid species: Aphis craccivora (Koch), <em>Brevicoryne brassicae</em> (Linnaeus), and <em>Lipaphis erysimi</em> (Kaltenbach). <em>A. astur</em> achieved higher survival and shorter developmental durations when fed on <em>A. craccivora</em> compared to the other aphids. The mean generation time (<em>T</em>) was shortest on <em>A. craccivora</em> (53.79 days), followed by <em>B. brassicae</em> (57.78 days) and <em>L. erysimi</em> (59.58 days). Values of intrinsic rate of increase (<em>r</em>) and finite rate of increase (<em>λ</em>) were highest on <em>A. craccivora</em> (0.0868 days⁻¹ and 1.0896, respectively), indicating superior population growth potential. Predation potential was also highest on <em>A. craccivora</em>, with net predation rate (<em>C</em>_<em>0</em>) reaching 349.13 preys/individual, and higher finite (<em>ω</em> = 127.44 preys) and stable (<em>φ</em> = 116.99 preys) predation rates than on <em>B. brassicae</em> and <em>L. erysimi</em>. The results confirm that while <em>A. astur</em> can complete its life cycle on all three aphid species, <em>A. craccivora</em> supports optimal development, reproduction, and predation performance. These findings highlight the significance of prey quality in enhancing the effectiveness of biological control programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the toxicity risk of fourteen insecticides to a biocontrol agent Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) compared to its prey Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)","authors":"Shoaib Hassan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kamran ,&nbsp;Sarfraz Ali Shad ,&nbsp;Safdar Khalil","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The green lacewing, <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> (Stephens), is a generalist predator that suppresses major cotton pests, particularly <em>Phenacoccus solenopsis</em> Tinsley. However, the extensive use of insecticides negatively impacts <em>C. carnea</em>. To evaluate the compatibility of chemical pesticides with <em>C. carnea</em>, we examined the acute toxicity of fourteen insecticides and assessed their safety for <em>C. carnea</em> compared to its prey, <em>P. solenopsis</em>, under laboratory conditions. The results showed that different insecticides fluctuated extensively in their toxicities, and LC_50s ranged from 0.22 mg/L to 1842.91 mg/L. Among all the tested insecticides, the insecticide mixture (profenofos + cypermethrin) exhibited the highest toxicity to <em>C. carnea</em>, being 8376.86 times more toxic than the phenylpyrazole insecticide, fipronil. The results of selectivity ratios revealed that organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids were non-selective with more or similar toxicity to predator and prey were classified as extremely high risk. However, all other tested insecticides were more toxic to prey and selective to predators and were categorized as medium or low risk. These findings can inform strategies that incorporate <em>C. carnea</em> as part of an integrated pest management program for <em>P. solenopsis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}