Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of pre-harvest fungicide treatments against Alternaria rot in California mandarins and occurrence of mutations associated with fungicide resistance","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the management of Alternaria rot in citrus by evaluating the efficacy of late-season fungicide programs in reducing latent infections and fruit drop. Furthermore, the occurrence of mutations conferring resistance to QoI and SDHI fungicides within an <em>Alternaria</em> population isolated from citrus was investigated. In field trials, high frequencies of <em>Alternaria</em> infections were observed on the stem end and stylar end of Satsuma and Shiranui mandarins, with a higher prevalence of stem-end infections. Fungicide treatments applied towards the end of the season effectively reduced the frequency of latent infections on the stem end, indicating that such infections occur during this period under specific conditions. While some fungicide treatments demonstrated efficacy in reducing fruit drop caused by Alternaria rot, the results varied across different orchards and years. Latent infections on fruits persisted at high frequencies in the majority of trials, highlighting the complex nature of disease management. Mutations associated with resistance against QoI and SDHI fungicides were identified within the <em>Alternaria</em> population affecting California citrus. Our study suggests the potential need for fungicide sprays at the onset of the season to reduce the frequency of Alternaria infections on the stem end and stylar end of fruits. However, the observed non-correlation or low correlation between latent infections and fruit drop indicates that latent infections alone cannot reliably predict fruit drop. Our findings indicate that pre-harvest fungicide treatments have inconsistent efficacy and are cost-effective only during unpredictable disease outbreaks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219424003387/pdfft?md5=fa41f7065dc95d3738eb76ce59a02d81&pid=1-s2.0-S0261219424003387-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of insecticides and intercropping systems on fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) infestations and damage in maize in northern Ghana","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Field studies were conducted over two successive seasons to test the effects of maize-legume intercropping system on fall armyworm (FAW) (<em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (J.E. Smith)) and if insecticide use was necessary in intercropping systems. Three insecticide treatments [no spray, Emastar 112 EC (a.i. emamectin benzoate 48 g/L + acetamiprid 64 g/L), Neem seed oil (NSO) (a.i. 3% azadirachtin)] and three intercropping systems [sole maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.), maize + soybean (<em>Glycine</em> max (L.) Merr.) and maize + groundnut (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em> L.)] were arranged as a 3 × 3 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design. Data were collected on FAW larval infestations, parasitism rates, damage, grain yield and gross financial returns. Results from combined-years analyses showed that larval infestation was significantly affected by intercropping (p = 0.034) only, with maize + soybean recording the lowest infestation while sole maize was highest. Damage to crop and cobs were significantly affected by years and insecticide treatments. Cob damage was also significantly affected by intercropping system with maize + soybean being lowest and sole maize recording the highest damage. Parasitoids recorded were <em>Coccygidium luteum, Chelonus bifoveolatus</em>, and <em>Charops</em> sp. Grain yield was significantly affected by the intercropping systems only (p = 0.004), with no significant year (p = 0.152), insecticide (p = 0.726) and insecticide × intercropping system (p = 0.660) effects. Sole maize (1.6 t/ha) had the lowest yield while maize + groundnut (2.2 t/ha) was highest. In terms of income, an economic analysis showed that spraying intercropped maize with NSO resulted in the highest marginal rate of return. Thus, the use of NSO and intercropping is an effective FAW management strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of alfalfa downy mildew (Peronospora aestivalis) infection on the growth and development of Therioaphis trifolii (Homoptera: Aphidiidae)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Downy mildew disease, which is caused by <em>Peronospora aestivalis</em> (Mastigomycotina: Peronosporaceae) and the spotted alfalfa aphid <em>Therioaphis trifolii</em> (Hemiptera: Aphididae), affects <em>Medicago sativa</em> (alfalfa) production. <em>P</em>. <em>aestivalis</em> and <em>T. trifolii</em> frequently occur together under natural conditions. In this study, alfalfa-<em>P</em>. <em>aestivalis</em>-<em>T. trifolii</em> were used as the research objects to explore the effects of different degrees of <em>P</em>. <em>aestivalis</em> infection on the growth and reproduction of <em>T. trifolii</em>, and the life table of <em>T. trifolii</em> population was constructed based on the fecundity parameters. The results revealed that alfalfa downy mildew infection had a significant effect on <em>T. trifolii</em> population. <em>T. trifolii</em> fed on mildly infected alfalfa plants exhibited the longest life span (18.9 d) and the highest number of nymphs (30.6) compared to those fed on alfalfa in other treatments. In terms of population life table parameters, the intrinsic rate of increase (0.626) and finite rate of increase (1.869) of <em>T. trifolii</em> fed on moderately infected alfalfa were the highest, and the generation time (8.310) and population doubling time (1.108) were the shortest, indicating that moderately infected alfalfa are conducive to <em>T. trifolii</em> population development. This study provides insights into the effects of alfalfa downy mildew on the main reproductive parameters and population of <em>T. trifolii</em> on <em>M. sativa</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weed management challenges in modern agriculture: The role of environmental factors and fertilization strategies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In today's agriculture, weed management is a big challenge, globally, because of its negative effects on agricultural output and quality. Most agricultural production systems are dictated by the weed plant, which is a key barrier to advancing sustainable agricultural production systems. Weeds are the major constraint of the agroecosystem often uses nutrients more quickly and in greater quantities than crops which need to keep below the economic threshold. In a particular agro-ecosystem, weed and agricultural crop management strategies (such as tillage, fertilizer, and irrigation management) and environmental conditions have a substantial impact on weed seed and population dynamics. Furthermore, weed seed dormancy in weed-seed stock of preceding seasons has been stimulated by fertilization and weed growth along with changing soil conditions which impact weed community structures and crop development. Nitrogen (N), as an important macronutrient, is primarily involved in this process. However, organic amendments, their source, type, and duration of use depict their effectiveness. Furthermore, under variable climate, understanding crop–weed interference is also vital for sustainable agriculture; changes in global climate have significantly resulted in changes in weed flora throughout the globe. Extreme temperatures and drought can promote the growth of C4 weeds, spreading and invading perennial weeds. There are a variety of environmental factors that can impact weeds and crops' ability to exploit the environment's resources. In addition to influencing weed/crop interactions directly, environmental stresses like temperature and light may also interfere with (or supplement) weed control efforts. Therefore, this review summarizes the consequences of environmental stress and fertility variations on weed dynamics, nutrient uptake, and crop yield under different climate scenarios. However, agro-ecosystem balance can be improved by implementing integrated weed management operations and gaining knowledge on how fertilization impacts the density of noxious and hazardous weeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance to ACCase and ALS-inhibiting herbicides detected in targeted sampling of Lolium rigidum (rigid ryegrass) populations from cereal crops in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Lolium rigidum</em> Gaud. (rigid ryegrass) is one of the most widespread weeds in cereal crops in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. This weed has evolved resistance to various herbicide modes of action in this region. ACCase and ALS inhibiting herbicides are mainly used in the major-cereal growing regions to control rigid ryegrass. Through a questionnaire, regions where farmers reported less control of herbicide treatments were registered in the three Maghreb countries. Registered fields were visited for collection and 75 field populations were screened with two ACCase and two ALS herbicides. Target site resistance (TSR) was diagnosed using Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. The sensitivity bioassay results revealed over 60% of sampled populations to be resistant to pinoxaden and/or clodinafop and about 40% to be resistant to iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron and/or pyroxsulam. In addition, 53% of populations displayed resistance (R) to the two herbicide modes of action tested among the regions. In total, 16 ACCase and 11 ALS mutant alleles were identified, carrying out an amino-acid substitution and conferring herbicide resistance in 3700 of the analyzed plants. Most ACCase and ALS mutations were detected at codons Ile1781 and Pro197, respectively. Not only does this study demonstrate the presence of both cross and multiple resistance, it also highlights the non-ACCase and non-ALS -based resistance mechanisms that could confer resistance to herbicides with different modes of action which complicates the resistance management strategies. In the three Maghreb countries, this challenge is even more prominent due to few modes of action being available for rigid ryegrass control due to low-cost market and the prevalence of generic herbicides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects of extracts from Ajania potaninii and A. fruticulosa against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aime<u>d</u> to evaluate the nutritional and antifeedant indices of <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> in response to the compounds and main chemical constituents o<u>f</u> <em>Ajania potaninii</em> and <em>A. fruticulosa</em>. These mainly includes essential oils and their major ingredients (eucalyptol, camphor, myrtenol, verbenol, and borneol), as well as nonvolatile compounds. The <em>A. fruticulosa</em> and <em>A. potaninii</em> EOs exhibited clear antifeedant activity against <em>T. castaneum</em> adults at a 2 mg/L concentration, with FDI of 50% and 60%, respectively. Among the nonvolatile compounds, sesamin and eriodictyol exhibit strong antifeedant activities against <em>T. castaneum</em> adults at the same concentration, with an FDI of 90.57% and 88.68% after 72 h, respectively. For larvae, <em>A. fruticulosa</em> and <em>A. potaninii</em> EOs also resulted in antifeedant activity (respective FDI: 57.08% and 55.63%). In addition, sesamin and eriodictyol had exceptionally potent antifeedant activity against <em>T. castaneum</em> larvae, with FDI values 90.71% and 96.17%, respectively. In nutritional studies, the reductions in relative food consumption rate (RCR) of <em>T. castaneum</em> were more pronounced for 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L of either eucalyptol or sesamin. However, at greater concentrations, the conversion efficiency of eucalyptol and sesamin to ingested food in <em>T. castaneum</em> was significantly improved. Eucalyptol and sesamin showed a dose-dependent FDI for this insect. Considering the significant anti-insect activities, the EOs, main compounds, and non-volatile compounds of both <em>A. potaninii</em> and <em>A. fruticulosa</em> might be useful in devising integrated pest strategies, providing a promising perspective for the comprehensive use of natural plant resources from the <em>Ajania</em> genus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and time of season are the predominant drivers of cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala, arrival at oilseed rape crops","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB) is an economically important pest of oilseed rape crops responsible for substantial yield losses in recent years, particularly since the restrictions on neonicotinoid seed treatment use came into force in 2013. To effectively time sowing dates and target control measures, it is crucial that accurate estimates of when migratory adult CSFB will arrive at the crop can be made. A Bayesian hierarchical model was fitted to data from 19 sites containing adult CSFB traps over a period of three years to characterise the relationship between the day of year, temperature, rainfall, wind speed and solar radiation on beetle counts and to understand their relative importance. Day of the year was identified as the main driver of migration and temperature was the predominant environmental driver of CSFB migration. A hot day (based on the range of observed temperatures over the trapping window) resulted in approximately 300% of the expected CSFB migration relative to an average day during peak migration. The second most important environmental driver of migration was wind speed, but this resulted in a relatively negligible increase of approximately 15% from an average day to a still day. These findings suggest that efforts to predict timing of adult CSFB migration should focus on understanding how the phenology of CSFB and temperature interact to drive the timing of migration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219424003326/pdfft?md5=5f5940437939f8c213d8b2bf4641b6fc&pid=1-s2.0-S0261219424003326-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cereal leaf beetle (Oulema spp.) damage reduces yield and is more severe when natural enemy action is prevented","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insect pests pose a global threat to crop yield. Biological control by natural enemies aims to reduce pest damage in a sustainable way. Cereal leaf beetles (CLB; <em>Oulema</em> spp.) are major pests in small-grain cereals. We studied the effect of natural enemies on CLB damage and its consequences on yield within its native distribution area in Europe. In exclusion cage experiments and by documenting a naturally occurring CLB damage gradient, we found that CLB damage reduced yield, but natural enemy action reduced the damage by CLB. Comparing exclusion and open treatments on artificially CLB-infested plants, plants accessible to natural enemies had 30% less leaf damage. CLB damage significantly affected yield parameters. Thousand grain weight was 22–29% less in maximum leaf damage scenarios. In the damage gradient field, maximal infestation reduced grain yield by 52%. However, maximal damage occurred only on a few plants and over small areas. In natural infestation cases, the number of CLB larvae per plant had a median of zero; nevertheless, there were more than 35 larvae on 10% of the plants. Patchiness explained 40% of CLB damage variance. Damage was unevenly distributed; as a result, thousand grain weight decreased only by 1.6% for 75% of the plants but by 18% for 10% of the plants. In the natural damage gradient, the estimated yield loss for the entire field was 16% due to CLB. Skewed CLB distribution may lead to perceptible yield losses locally, but natural enemies may limit overall damage to the crop.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219424003211/pdfft?md5=2cd72524343e5917461d930e6cecf2f7&pid=1-s2.0-S0261219424003211-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and molecular characterization of pyrifluquinazon resistance in Bemisia tabaci Asia I","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the most devastating polyphagous pests in the world, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius), causes significant damage to a variety of crops and has demonstrated the ability to develop resistance to different classes of insecticides rapidly. A novel pyridine azomethine derivative pyrifluquinazon exhibits exceptional insecticidal toxicity against <em>B. tabaci</em> by interrupting the function of chordotonal receptor neurons. Formulating resistance management strategies is crucial to ensure the long-term use of this insecticide for whitefly control; however, the characteristics and possible mechanisms of pyrifluquinazon resistance in <em>B. tabaci</em> remain unclear. By employing pyrifluquinazon selection for 22 successive generations, the pyrifluquinazon-resistant strain (PQZ-R) was generated from a laboratory-susceptible population of <em>B. tabaci</em> Asia I (Lab-WB) and exhibited 39.65-fold resistance to pyrifluquinazon. When the realized heritability (<em>h</em>^<em>2</em>) of <em>B. tabaci</em> to pyrifluquinazon was assumed to be the laboratory-estimated value (<em>h</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.181) and the mortality was 70–90%, only 12.3–22.6 generations were expected to be required to obtain a 10-fold increase in pyrifluquinazon resistance. While there was no significant cross-resistance to cyantraniliprole, dinotefuran, flonicamid, flupyradifurone, pymetrozine, sulfoxaflor, or thiamethoxam, the PQZ-R strain displayed slight cross-resistance to afidopyropen (3.14-fold). Synergism tests indicated that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) inhibits (4.36-fold) pyrifluquinazon resistance in the PQZ-R strain. This impact may be attributed to enhanced detoxification (elevated 3.91-fold) mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450). Compared to Lab-WB, the PQZ-R strain exhibited no significant overexpression of the 13 published detoxification-related P450 genes from CYP303, CYP4, and CYP6 families in <em>B. tabaci</em>. The combined knowledge gained from this study will enable further investigations into the function of qualitative and quantitative variations in P450-encoded genes, leading to innovative approaches for efficiently managing <em>B. tabaci</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of temporary electric fencing for preventing wild boar intrusion into small-scale paddy farmlands","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crop damage by wild boar is a serious problem globally. Temporary electric fences, installed only during periods when the damage occurs, are widely used in Japan to prevent wild boar intrusion. The exclusion method is effective, but the cost burden involved makes considering cost-effectiveness necessary, especially for small-scale paddy rice farmers. Group fences may be used to reduce the cost burden. Although enclosing an area this way is effective, it may lead to free-riding when the scale of the project becomes large. Measures like reducing the number of people involved are suggested, but few indicators exist regarding the appropriate scale of management. Therefore, in Chiba Prefecture, where the distribution of wild boar is expanding, we conducted i) a six-year survey on the amount of damage to paddy rice fields in the Awa region; ii) an evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of temporary electric fences; and iii) an extrapolation of the cost-effectiveness to the entirety of Chiba Prefecture. The results show that the optimal installation length can be calculated by considering the maximum damage area, but without a government subsidy, the fence cost-effectiveness will be low because the installation cost will exceed the maximum damage amount. A group enclosure of small farmlands, which is not currently cost-effective in Chiba Prefecture, is recommended as a management decision for planners and farmers in future damage control plans. Although the empirical data were specific to small-scale farmers in Japan, the validation process was considered broadly applicable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}