Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Performance of novel alternatives to neonicotinoid insecticide seed treatments for managing maggots (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in large-seeded vegetable crops","authors":"Leonardo D. Salgado ,&nbsp;Russell L. Groves ,&nbsp;David Owens ,&nbsp;Timothy D. Waters ,&nbsp;Eric C. Burkness ,&nbsp;William D. Hutchison ,&nbsp;Fei Yang ,&nbsp;Brian A. Nault","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maggots [<em>Delia</em> spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)] are pests of large-seeded vegetable crops such as snap bean, dry bean, and sweet corn. Economically damaging infestations of <em>Delia</em> spp. can be sporadic and difficult to predict, but typically occur early in the spring when soil conditions are cool and wet. Larval feeding can substantially reduce plant stands and compromise normal plant vigor and development. Neonicotinoid insecticide seed treatments are currently used to protect large-seeded vegetable crops from <em>Delia</em> spp, but concerns regarding their negative impacts on beneficial insects and the environment have stimulated interest in identifying effective non-neonicotinoid seed treatments. From 2021 to 2024, field studies in the northeastern, midwestern, and pacific northwestern USA evaluated non-neonicotinoid insecticide seed treatments belonging to the spinosyn, anthranilic diamide, and isoxazoline classes for managing <em>Delia</em> spp. in snap bean, dry bean, and sweet corn. Results indicated that cyantraniliprole and spinosad provided a similar level of <em>Delia</em> spp. control as thiamethoxam, the neonicotinoid standard, in snap bean. None of the alternatives were as effective as thiamethoxam for <em>Delia</em> spp. control in dry bean. In contrast, all non-neonicotinoid insecticides such as chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, isocycloseram, spinosad, and tetraniliprole were effective in protecting sweet corn from <em>Delia</em> spp. Most of these non-neonicotinoid options are not currently approved for commercial use on these crops, but our results could help support future registrations. Adoption of non-neonicotinoid seed treatments for <em>Delia</em> spp. control also must consider their efficacy against other common early-season insect pests, risk to pollinators and other non-target organisms, and cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does defoliation affect late planted soybean yield?","authors":"Igor Sulzbacher Schardong ,&nbsp;Dominic D. Reisig ,&nbsp;Rachel Vann ,&nbsp;Anders Huseth ,&nbsp;Jerson Vanderlei Carus Guedes","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Double cropping soybean with winter wheat is a common agronomic practice in the southern US. Double cropping is where farmers harvest winter wheat planted the previous fall and then plant soybeans in June or July. This is late planting compared with full-season soybean production where soybeans are planted early in April and May. Usually, soybean planted late have lower yields than early planted soybean due to a shorter period of vegetative growth. Given the short growing period, biotic (e.g. insects) and abiotic (e.g. heat) stressors may also reduce yields relative to early planted soybeans. Insect defoliation may cause yield loss, but this has not been extensively explored. We hypothesized that defoliation during R5 (filling seed) would cause more yield loss compared to defoliation during R2 (full bloom) in late planted soybean. We planted soybean in 2023 and 2024 during July and manually defoliated plants by removing leaflets at R2 and R5. We compared defoliation levels at 0, 17, 33, 66 and 100 %. We evaluated seed yield (kg ha⁻¹), yield components, and the number of trifoliates that regrew after the R2 defoliation. We observed no difference in yield loss between defoliation at R5 and R2 between both field seasons. In both growth stage treatments, overall yield decreased as defoliation levels increased. Yield components varied between years, but in general, the number of pods with two and three seeds and weight of seeds was affected differently across growth stages and defoliation levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phototaxis of Exolontha castanea (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) adults to different color light-emitting diodes (LEDs): blue-violet light preference","authors":"Xiankun Shang ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Jili Wei ,&nbsp;Xi Wei ,&nbsp;Haohui Meng ,&nbsp;Chenghua Huang ,&nbsp;Xuehong Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Exolontha castanea</em> (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) is a major subterranean pest of sugarcane in China, causing significant reductions in both yield and sugar content. Light trapping represents a vital strategy for monitoring and managing pest populations. With the rapid advancement of light-emitting diode (LED) spectrum technology, LEDs have increasingly replaced traditional insect-trapping light sources. This study investigated the spectral sensitivity of <em>E. castanea</em> adults to 14 distinct LED light sources and examined their preference behavior when presented with pairwise combinations of four sensitive wavelengths. Field experiments conducted between 2022 and 2023 evaluated the trapping efficacy of three LED light sources: ultraviolet A (UVA, 365–370 nm), blue-violet (BV, 420–425 nm), and blue (B, 450–455 nm), using solar insecticidal lamp traps targeting adults. The results indicated that both female and male adults exhibited positive phototaxis to all LED lights, with higher sensitivity to UVA, violet (V, 380–385 nm), dark violet (DV, 395–400 nm), and BV lights, characterized by elevated phototactic response rate (<em>R</em>_<em>p</em>) and strong phototactic response rate (<em>R</em>_<em>sp</em>). When exposed to two sensitive wavelengths simultaneously, both sexes preferred UVA, but no significant difference in <em>R</em>_<em>sp</em> was observed between the paired lights. Notably, field data demonstrated BV light captured 2.5-fold more adults than UVA and B lights (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with a female-biased sex ratio (most carrying eggs). Collectively, BV light proves to be the most effective attractant for <em>E. castanea</em> adults, suitable for both population monitoring and eco-friendly field control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News letter 197","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107343","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Meloidogyne incognita infecting Epimedium sagittatum in Guizhou Province, China","authors":"Linwu Lu ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Guiying Liu ,&nbsp;Xincun Wang ,&nbsp;Huixin Li ,&nbsp;Mingrui Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuhai Gan ,&nbsp;Xiaomao Wu ,&nbsp;Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Zaifu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Epimedium sagittatum</em> (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim., an important member of the Berberidaceae family, serves as a critical source for traditional Chinese medicines. With the expansion of its cultivation area, various diseases have emerged, leading to significant production losses. During recent field surveys of <em>E. sagittatum</em> in Guizhou Province, root galls characteristic of <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp. infection were observed. The root-knot nematodes were isolated and identified based on the morphological characteristics of females and second-stage juveniles (J2s). Molecular analyses, including sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rRNA, the D2-D3 region of 28S rRNA, and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mt<em>COI</em>) gene, were conducted. The pathogen was conclusively identified as <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>. Pathogenicity tests under greenhouse conditions, in which <em>E. sagittatum</em> plants were inoculated with <em>M. incognita</em>, reproduced symptoms identical to those observed in naturally infected field plants. The nematodes were successfully re-isolated from diseased roots and confirmed as <em>M. incognita</em> through morphological and molecular characterization, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates. This report represents the first documented case of <em>M. incognita</em> infecting a plant from the Berberidaceae family, with <em>E. sagittatum</em> identified as a novel host. This discovery extends the known host range of the destructive plant-parasitic nematode <em>M. incognita</em> to the Berberidaceae family. Therefore, its presence in <em>E. sagittatum</em> needs close surveillance, especially in key cultivation regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomopathogenic fungal strain Beauveria bassiana GZUIFR-GL5 has potential commercial value for Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) control","authors":"Ziji Wan ,&nbsp;Dongshun Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Yu ,&nbsp;Xiao Zou ,&nbsp;Maofa Yang ,&nbsp;Xiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Agrotis ipsilon</em> is a globally significant underground pest. Although <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> exerts a remarkable control effect on <em>A. ipsilon</em>, various strains exhibit different control effects. Therefore, this study treated <em>A. ipsilon</em> larvae with <em>B. bassiana</em> GZUIFR-GL5 (Abbreviation: GL5). The results showed that GL5 could infect <em>A. ipsilon</em> larvae, with virulence gradually increased as the spore concentration increased while gradually decreased as the larval instar stages progressed. Seven days after inoculation, the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of GL5 for the second to sixth instar larvae of <em>A. ipsilon</em> was 6.44 × 10⁵, 3.22 × 10⁶, 1.01 × 10⁷, 2.58 × 10⁸, and 1.09 × 10¹⁰ spores/mL, respectively. GL5 also prolonged the developmental cycle of parents as well as reduced the pupation rate, pupal emergence rate, oviposition, larval emergence rate, and egg production; however, no significant effect was determined on the offspring. The activities of protective enzymes (i.e., catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) in the second instar significantly changed with infection time and usually lasted from 24 to 48 h after larval infection. Among the different application methods, root irrigation was the best, followed by soil dressing and foliar spraying. Meanwhile, GL5 could achieve the similar control efficacy compared with the commercial strain (Lvhengfeng). The findings of this study suggest that GL5 can be used as a bioinsecticide to control the young larvae of <em>A. ipsilon</em> in integrated pest management programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of organic products to control blueberry rust","authors":"Kara M. Barry ,&nbsp;Michele Buntain ,&nbsp;Eugene Chau ,&nbsp;Melinda Simpson ,&nbsp;Stephen Morris ,&nbsp;Jay Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blueberry rust, caused by <em>Pucciniastrum minimum</em>, is spread primarily by urediniospores and causes lesions on foliage and fruit. Options to enable organic growers in Australia to control blueberry rust are limited, with alternatives to conventional fungicides and copper being sought. This paper presents results of two glasshouse experiments with pot-grown blueberries (inoculated with urediniospores) and two field experiments in a commercial orchard, to assess the efficacy of a range of products, using a highly susceptible cultivar. Seven products with some known ability to inhibit rust pathogens were compared to a conventional fungicide (mancozeb) and copper, at a range of rates. These included the biological control Serenade® Opti® (<em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em>), Intervene® (fungal-derived polyoxin-D), Eco-carb® Plus, Stim-phos®, Aminogro®, Eco-oil®, and Anolyte (electrolysed water). Low levels of disease were obtained in the glasshouse experiments, but there was some significant difference between treatments for rust severity and incidence. As there was no evidence of phytotoxicity, field experiments were conducted with all products (except Stim-phos® as it was not commercially available at the time). Field experiments showed that products could reduce blueberry rust disease in some situations, but the most repeatable result was with Intervene®. Intervene® reduced the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) value by approximately 20 % and 25 % compared to the poorest performing treatments in field experiment 1 and 2 respectively. While none of the products trialled led to control of blueberry rust, Intervene® provided the most repeatable suppression, with no impact on fruit bloom.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced metabolism associated with resistance to mite growth inhibitors in Tetranychus turkestani from Iran","authors":"Moein Rahimi-Rigi ,&nbsp;Jahangir Khajehali ,&nbsp;Nafiseh Poorjavad ,&nbsp;Wim Jonckheere ,&nbsp;Thomas Van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Spider mites</em> are significant agricultural pests in apple orchards, where their control relies heavily on acaricide applications. In this study, seven populations of <em>Tetranychus turkestani</em> were collected from apple orchards in Isfahan Province, Iran, to evaluate their susceptibility to hexythiazox and etoxazole. Probit analysis revealed significant resistance to hexythiazox in <em>T. turkestani</em> populations, with resistance ratios (RRs) ranging from 290- to 2550-fold, while resistance to etoxazole was comparatively lower (RRs: 12- to 65-fold). Synergism assays revealed that a cytochrome P450 inhibitor significantly increased hexythiazox toxicity (up to 12-fold) and etoxazole toxicity (&lt;3-fold) in the resistant populations. Inhibitors of carboxylesterases, ATP-binding cassette transporters and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases also significantly enhanced toxicity, while glutathione S-transferase inhibition had moderate effects. Enzyme assays indicated significantly higher P450 activity in some resistant <em>T. turkestani</em> populations. Screening the target-site chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) revealed that the I1017F mutation, associated with the resistance in <em>T. urticae</em>, was absent in all <em>T. turkestani</em> populations. This suggests that the observed resistance in <em>T. turkestani</em> populations is primarily driven by increased metabolism. In contrast, this mutation was fixed in a <em>T. urticae</em> population, collected from greenhouse cucumbers, with extremely high LC₅₀ values to both acaricides. This study highlights the roles of detoxification enzymes in <em>T. turkestani</em> resistance to hexythiazox and etoxazole and underscores the need for further research into specific detoxification genes contributing to resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosafety assessment of insecticides and chemicals used in citrus orchards: Impacts on the predatory beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri","authors":"Shashwat Singh ,&nbsp;Ariela W. Kaspi-Kaneti ,&nbsp;Alex Protasov ,&nbsp;Gal Yaacobi ,&nbsp;Roy Kaspi","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Citrus orchards frequently depend on various chemical treatments to manage pests and enhance tree growth and fruit quality. However, these chemicals can pose risks to natural enemies and environmental health. Therefore, it is crucial to select chemicals that effectively target pests while minimizing harm to natural enemies and promoting plant growth. To address this, we evaluated the acute toxicity of twenty-two chemical compounds commonly used in citrus farming on the citrus mealybug predator <em>Cryptolaemus montrouzieri</em> Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The tested chemicals were categorized into insecticides, acaricides, mineral oils, plant growth regulators, and mixtures of plant growth regulators and fertilizers. We assessed adult <em>C. montrouzieri</em> mortality using three bioassays: (i) direct spray application, (ii) contact with pesticide residues on foliage, and (iii) consumption of contaminated food, following the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) standards. The results revealed that the insecticide Tau-Fluvalinate exhibited some toxicity to adults across all bioassays. Sulfoxaflor showed slight toxicity when sprayed directly and consumed, while its residue primarily affected males. Acaricide Abamectin, with or without Levanola oil, posed risks, particularly to females in direct spray application. Notably, the consumption of the fertilizer Bonus (potassium nitrate), with or without plant growth regulators, caused significant mortality, though the effect was classified as slightly harmful. Our findings highlight the need for caution when applying these chemicals, as they may negatively affect the population of this key biocontrol agent. In contrast, the majority of the tested substances were found to be compatible with <em>C. montrouzieri</em>, offering benefits for both pest management and citrus cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The demographic and life table studies of Corcyra cephalonica on different food grains and their impact on population growth parameters and life history traits of indigenous Trichogramma chilonis and T. achaeae","authors":"Adarsh Sharma ,&nbsp;P.L. Sharma ,&nbsp;S.C. Verma ,&nbsp;R.S. Chandel ,&nbsp;V.G.S. Chandel ,&nbsp;Deeksha Sharma ,&nbsp;Anshuman Semwal ,&nbsp;Nikshubha Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biological fitness of <em>Trichogramma</em> spp. is closely linked to the nutritional profile of host eggs, which depends on the food grains used to rear the factitious host <em>Corcyra cephalonica</em> (Stainton). Optimizing host diet is therefore critical for efficient mass production of high-quality parasitoids. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of four different food grains on the reproductive fitness and demographic parameters of <em>C. cephalonica</em> and assessed the subsequent impact of these host eggs on the growth parameters and life-history traits of <em>Trichogramma chilonis</em> Ishii and <em>Trichogramma achaeae</em> Nagaraja and Nagarkatti. <em>C. cephalonica</em> developed successfully on all tested food grains, with sorghum supporting the fastest development, highest fecundity and enhanced growth parameters. Both <em>Trichogramma</em> spp. emerging from sorghum-reared <em>C. cephalonica</em> eggs exhibited significantly shorter development and total pre-oviposition periods. While fecundity and ovipositional periods of both parasitoids showed no significant variation, key demographic parameters including, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were highest and mean generation time and doubling time were lowest on sorghum-reared eggs, followed by maize-reared eggs. In conclusion, sorghum and maize proved to be most optimal substrates for mass-rearing <em>C. cephalonica</em>, producing high-quality eggs for efficient production of <em>Trichogramma</em> spp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}