Temporal and spatial variability results of fungicide use in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) recommend region-specific fungicide reduction targets

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI:10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107281

Miaorun Wang , Maria Tackenberg , Sabine Andert

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Abstract

To address the imperative for sustainable agricultural practices and navigate the ongoing debate on the proposed Sustainable Use of Pesticides Regulation (SUR), it is crucial to understand pesticide application and formulate strategies that meet farmers’ requirements. This study provides a detailed analysis using data on chemical plant protection measures for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) taken from 40 farms across four regions in Germany between 2010 and 2018. These high-yield winter wheat regions correspond to administrative districts characterized by distinct regional patterns. This study analysed on-farm fungicide use intensity, described as treatment frequency (TF) and treatment frequency index (TFI), for each region. Linear mixed-effects models examined the effect of fungicide use intensity and management factors, including region, farm, year, soil tillage type, previous crop, and the growth stage at which fungicides were applied, on winter wheat yield.

Major temporal and regional variations in fungicide use were identified. Temporal variability in fungicide use was mainly attributed to climatic factors. Regional contrasts along north-south and west-east axes were observed, with the two northern regions having a higher fungicide use intensity than their more southerly counterparts and the two western regions having a higher fungicide use intensity than their more easterly counterparts. The results concerning the application of fungicides throughout the entire phenological growth stages (BBCH) of winter wheat indicated the greatest diversity of fungicide products used at around BBCH 31 and 61. The two northern regions showed higher frequencies of usage and a larger number of different fungicide products.

Based on the on-farm data, this study determined that the regional-level baseline for a potential 50 % reduction in TFI either exceeded or fell short of the nationally recommended reference baseline generated from JKI reference data. This presents some regions with challenges if they are to meet the consistent national objective of decreasing fungicide usage. These results highlight the importance of customising fungicide reduction targets according to temporal and regional factors, and demanding a comprehensive approach that incorporates scientific innovations, practical production methods, and policy and economic aspects. While this research uses Germany as a case study, the implications of region-specific fungicide reduction targets will also be relevant for other European member states in supporting efforts to achieve sustainable winter wheat production across diverse regions.

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冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）杀菌剂使用的时空变异结果推荐了区域特异性杀菌剂减少目标

为了解决可持续农业实践的必要性，并引导正在进行的关于拟议的农药可持续使用条例（SUR）的辩论，了解农药应用并制定符合农民要求的策略至关重要。本研究使用2010年至2018年德国四个地区40个农场的冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）化学植物保护措施数据进行了详细分析。这些冬小麦高产区所对应的行政区域具有明显的区域格局。本研究分析了每个地区农场杀菌剂的使用强度，描述为处理频率（TF）和处理频率指数（TFI）。线性混合效应模型考察了杀菌剂使用强度和管理因素对冬小麦产量的影响，包括区域、农田、年份、土壤耕作方式、前茬作物和施用杀菌剂的生育阶段。确定了杀菌剂使用的主要时间和区域差异。杀菌剂使用的时间变化主要归因于气候因素。在南北和东西两个轴上，区域差异明显，北部两个地区的杀菌剂使用强度高于南部，西部两个地区的杀菌剂使用强度高于东部。杀菌剂在冬小麦全物候生长阶段（BBCH）施用的结果表明，在BBCH 31和61前后，杀菌剂产品的多样性最大。北部两个地区杀菌剂的使用频率更高，不同杀菌剂产品的数量也更多。根据农场数据，本研究确定TFI可能减少50%的区域基线超过或低于由JKI参考数据生成的国家推荐参考基线。这给一些区域提出了挑战，如果它们要实现减少杀菌剂使用的一贯国家目标。这些结果突出了根据时间和区域因素定制杀菌剂减少目标的重要性，并且需要一种综合的方法，将科学创新、实用的生产方法以及政策和经济方面结合起来。虽然本研究以德国为案例研究，但区域特异性杀菌剂减少目标的含义也将与其他欧洲成员国有关，以支持在不同地区实现可持续冬小麦生产的努力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Crop Protection 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

3.60%

发文量

200

审稿时长

29 days

期刊介绍： The Editors of Crop Protection especially welcome papers describing an interdisciplinary approach showing how different control strategies can be integrated into practical pest management programs, covering high and low input agricultural systems worldwide. Crop Protection particularly emphasizes the practical aspects of control in the field and for protected crops, and includes work which may lead in the near future to more effective control. The journal does not duplicate the many existing excellent biological science journals, which deal mainly with the more fundamental aspects of plant pathology, applied zoology and weed science. Crop Protection covers all practical aspects of pest, disease and weed control, including the following topics: -Abiotic damage- Agronomic control methods- Assessment of pest and disease damage- Molecular methods for the detection and assessment of pests and diseases- Biological control- Biorational pesticides- Control of animal pests of world crops- Control of diseases of crop plants caused by microorganisms- Control of weeds and integrated management- Economic considerations- Effects of plant growth regulators- Environmental benefits of reduced pesticide use- Environmental effects of pesticides- Epidemiology of pests and diseases in relation to control- GM Crops, and genetic engineering applications- Importance and control of postharvest crop losses- Integrated control- Interrelationships and compatibility among different control strategies- Invasive species as they relate to implications for crop protection- Pesticide application methods- Pest management- Phytobiomes for pest and disease control- Resistance management- Sampling and monitoring schemes for diseases, nematodes, pests and weeds.