Cortex最新文献

{"title":"Atypical cortical regional homogeneity observed in graphene-colour synaesthesia and its subtypes","authors":"Bryan Bin Yuan Yeo ,&nbsp;Junhong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene-colour synaesthesia is a phenomenon where individuals associate specific graphemes with particular colours, with two common subtypes: projector and associator. This study investigates the association between resting-state regional homogeneity (ReHo) and projector- and associator-type synaesthesia, and the behavioural significance of these ReHo abnormalities. 75 synaesthetes with varying projector and associator scores completed a diverse range of psychological measures and underwent resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) scans. Cortical ReHo images were extracted from preprocessed rsfMRI scans and analysed using the VertexWiseR R package. Vertex-wise ReHo analysis revealed that ReHo scores of the left caudal middle frontal negatively associated with associator-type synaesthesia scores, while ReHo scores of the left superior parietal, left superior frontal, left pars orbitalis and right precuneus negatively associated with projector scores. These ReHo clusters correlated with domains of emotional and tactile imagery (Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire) across both subtypes. Projector-score associated clusters were associated with auditory, gustatory, and visual imagery, as well as heightened avoidance behaviours. Meta-analytical image decoding analyses suggested that the clusters associated with both projector- and associator scores were associated with memory and executive function. Overall, our analyses revealed that projector and associator synaesthesia are supported by distinct yet overlapping patterns of ReHo within higher-order cognitive and perceptual brain regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 135-151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are the ventral anterior temporal lobes involved in accessing conceptual knowledge during spoken word production? fMRI evidence from auditory naming","authors":"Angelique Volfart ,&nbsp;Katie L. McMahon ,&nbsp;Catherine Liégeois-Chauvel ,&nbsp;Vitória Piai ,&nbsp;Greig de Zubicaray","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is ongoing debate about the role of ventral anterior temporal lobe (vATL) regions in the initial stages of production, particularly in accessing conceptual knowledge, with most evidence coming from visual naming tasks. Here, we investigated whether these regions are engaged during naming from different types of auditory stimuli. Twenty-five participants completed an fMRI experiment involving two naming tasks: auditory sentence definition (e.g., <em>The yellow part of an egg</em>) and nonverbal environmental sound (e.g., a sheep <em>bleating</em>). Our overall aim was to identify brain regions that are commonly activated across both naming tasks as well as those showing task-specific activations. With regards to the vATL's role, we hypothesised that these regions would show common activation across naming tasks, consistent with their proposed role in crossmodal conceptual processing, one of the first processing stages for retrieving a word based on an external input. Left-lateralized activation common to both tasks was observed in posterior fusiform gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and sulcus, inferior and superior frontal gyrus, and subcortical and cerebellar regions. Significant activation was observed in the bilateral vATLs only during naming to definitions, despite tSNR being equivalent across tasks. Our findings indicate that environmental sounds do not activate the vATL to the same extent as auditory definitions, placing constraints on the crossmodal nature of semantic representations in these regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 35-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural evidence for linguistic statistical learning is independent of rhythmic and cognitive abilities in neurotypical adults","authors":"I.M. van der Wulp ,&nbsp;M.E. Struiksma ,&nbsp;L.J. Batterink ,&nbsp;F.N.K. Wijnen","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Statistical Learning (SL) is an essential mechanism for speech segmentation. Individual differences in SL ability are associated with language acquisition. For instance, better SL correlated with a larger vocabulary size and impaired SL was found in populations with language impairments. The aim of the current study was to contribute to uncovering the underpinnings of individual differences in auditory SL for word segmentation. We hypothesized that individuals with better musical – specifically rhythmic – abilities would show better SL. Participants (<em>N</em> = 106) were exposed to an artificial language consisting of trisyllabic nonsense words. <em>Electroencephalography</em> (EEG) measures of neural entrainment to the auditory signal allow online assessment of SL. The current study used this method to measure individual SL performance during exposure. To assess individual differences, we linked the neural measure of SL to a battery of tests measuring rhythmic, musical, and cognitive abilities, as well as vocabulary size. We replicated earlier work, finding both online (neural) and offline (behavioral) evidence of SL in our sample. In contrast to our expectations regarding individual differences, we found evidence for the null hypothesis regarding correlations between the tests of rhythmic ability and the neural measurement of SL. Exploratory analyses concerning working memory remained inconclusive, while exploratory analyses regarding vocabulary size yielded moderate evidence for a small correlation with the neural measure of SL. Overall, our results suggest that linguistic SL is largely independent from abilities in other cognitive domains, including rhythmic processing and musical abilities, as measured within a sample of healthy, typically developed adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 242-270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145344032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the mental imagery debate: New evidence from aphantasia and neuroimaging","authors":"Florent Lebon","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this viewpoint letter, I critically examine the longstanding debate regarding the nature of mental imagery—specifically the tension between depictive and propositional theories—through the lens of recent neuroscientific findings. While early studies using neuroimaging were interpreted as supporting a depictive, perception-like model of visual imagery, emerging data from individuals with aphantasia present compelling counterevidence. These individuals, who report an absence of conscious visual imagery, nonetheless display decodable activity in early visual cortices during imagery-related tasks, prompting a reevaluation of the assumptions linking neural activation in V1 to subjective imagery. I suggest alternatives that support for a single- or a dual-process account of mental representation in the human brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 179-182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility to visual hallucinations in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia spectrum: The role of dysfunctional attentional networks","authors":"Nga Yan Tse ,&nbsp;Isabella F. Orlando ,&nbsp;Claire O'Callaghan ,&nbsp;Natasha L. Taylor ,&nbsp;James M. Shine ,&nbsp;Andrew Zalesky ,&nbsp;Sicong Tu ,&nbsp;Rebekah M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Glenda M. Halliday ,&nbsp;Olivier Piguet ,&nbsp;John R. Hodges ,&nbsp;Matthew C. Kiernan ,&nbsp;Simon J.G. Lewis ,&nbsp;Emma M. Devenney","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychotic symptoms are well established across the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD) spectrum and contribute to patient and carer distress and poorer prognosis. However, there are no objective tools to probe these symptoms and the underlying functional neurobiology has been unexplored to date. Leveraging clinical interview, neuropsychological testing, and a validated behavioural paradigm of visual misperception combined with connectome-wide fMRI analysis, we directly probed visual hallucinatory tendencies and the associated cognitive and functional connectivity signatures in ALS-FTD. In 82 participants across the ALS-FTD spectrum (24 ALS patients, 7 ALS-FTD, 31 behavioural-variant FTD [19 <em>C9orf72</em> expansion carriers and 43 non-carriers] and 20 healthy controls), we showed that an ecologically valid behavioural task was sensitive to hallucinatory tendencies. We observed selective involvement of attentional deficits in visual misperception beyond the influence of executive function and psychomotor speed (<em>r</em> ranging from .344-.603; FDR-corrected <em>at p</em> &lt; .05). Following quality control, data-driven whole-brain fMRI analysis in a subset of 26 patients converged to implicate the attentional systems, wherein abnormally heightened connectivity anchored in the attentional, default mode and executive control networks worsened as a function of visual misperception severity (FWE-corrected <em>p</em> = .042 with 10,000 permutations). Our findings underscore the critical role of attentional disruptions, characterised by altered interactions between top-down and bottom-up attentional, introspective, and salience detection processes, in ALS-FTD visual hallucinatory predisposition. Aligning with current models of hallucination generation postulated in schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and dementia with Lewy bodies, our findings point towards common neural underpinnings of psychosis vulnerability shared by ALS-FTD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 213-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Do total hippocampus and hippocampal subfield volumes relate to navigation ability? A call towards methodological consistency” [Cortex 181 (2024) 233–257]","authors":"Alina S. Tu,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Krohn,&nbsp;Olivia C. Cooper,&nbsp;Vaisakh Puthusseryppady,&nbsp;Caitlin McIntyre,&nbsp;Elizabeth R. Chrastil","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 177-178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children with DCD show stronger automatic imitation effects accompanied by delayed early visual processing","authors":"Griet Warlop ,&nbsp;Silvia Formica ,&nbsp;Emiel Cracco ,&nbsp;Lies Blontrock ,&nbsp;Jan R. Wiersema ,&nbsp;Frederik J.A. Deconinck","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are believed to have impaired internal motor representations in the control and learning of movements. This study tested this hypothesis by assessing the automatic imitation effect, that relies on internal representation of movement, in children with and without DCD, using a comparison of the behavioural effect and the neural processes contributing to it. Reaction times and EEG event-related potentials were measured during an automatic imitation finger-tapping task in 36 children with DCD (age: M = 12.9 years; SD = 2.0) and 36 matched typically developing children (age: M = 12.9 years; SD = 1.9). Contrary to our expectations, children with DCD demonstrated significantly stronger automatic imitation effects than children without DCD. This was accompanied by altered neural processing, evidenced by a significant delay in the visual processing of body parts, as reflected in N190 latency. However, no differences were observed in motor preparation, as indexed by the readiness potential. These findings suggest that children with DCD do not exhibit reduced automatic imitation, and do not support the assumption of impaired internal representation of action in this group. Yet, deficits in control processes, such as alterations in the timing of perception, may contribute to the difficulties in DCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 18-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The uncertain path to reward: Neural mechanisms of intolerance of uncertainty in reward processing","authors":"Marcelo Malbec,&nbsp;Anita Harrewijn,&nbsp;Ingmar H.A. Franken,&nbsp;Matthias J. Wieser","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reward processing is a neurocognitive process involving the evaluation of and response to rewarding stimuli, which is critical for learning and motivated behavior. This cognitive mechanism is also influenced by mental health. Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a dispositional tendency to perceive uncertainty as distressing and respond negatively to uncertain situations. Proposed as a transdiagnostic factor for internalizing disorders, IU may help explain shared features across these conditions. This study investigated the influence of IU on electrocortical responses to reward (feedback-related ERP) using the Doors Task, which incorporated varying levels of uncertainty (i.e., risk) regarding rewards. In 203 participants, we found that risk levels significantly influenced ERPs, particularly following reward feedback, with high-risk trials eliciting larger (i.e. more positive) ERPs compared to ambiguous or low-risk trials. While total IU did not correlate with feedback-related brain activity, its subfactors showed distinct effects after reward and no-reward feedback: higher prospective IU scores were associated with increased brain activity, whereas higher inhibitory IU scores were linked to decreased activity. These effects persisted after accounting for related internalizing traits, including worry, depression, and trait anxiety. Additionally, depressive symptoms were associated with blunted feedback-related ERPs, particularly following no-reward feedback. Taken together, the findings suggest a more nuanced and complex role of IU and its subfactors in reward processing and demonstrate the impact of risk on electrocortical responses to reward outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 227-241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating plasticity of the olfactory system through the lens of specific anosmia","authors":"Antonia Gillmeister ,&nbsp;Michal Pieniak ,&nbsp;Thomas Hummel","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The olfactory experiences vary widely among individuals. Despite having an otherwise normal sense of smell, some people exhibit specific anosmia, i.e., the inability to detect certain odorants. While genetic factors play a key role in this phenomenon, olfactory perception is also influenced by environment, and repeated exposure to odors (olfactory training) can enhance olfactory sensitivity. In this study, we examined whether olfactory training increases sensitivity towards odors participants were specifically anosmic to, and preliminary investigated whether this training-induced change is stable over time. Initially, we screened 335 participants with healthy sense of smell to identify individuals with specific anosmia towards androstenone, benzyl salicylate, bacdanol, or maltol. Subsequently, 77 participants with at least one specific anosmia underwent 2-months long olfactory training with these four odorants. We observed that following the training, participants became more sensitive towards odors they were specifically anosmic to, whereas sensitivity towards odors they were able to perceive at baseline did not change. However, the effects of olfactory training on specific anosmia were transient – 19 months after the training completion, 9 out of 10 followed-up participants became specifically anosmic towards androstenone again. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that the human olfactory system adjusts to novel odorous inputs, but these environmentally driven changes do not appear to be permanent in healthy participants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bekhterev’s case: Amnesia due to bi-hippocampal damage 50 years before HM","authors":"Sergio Della Sala ,&nbsp;Marco Catani ,&nbsp;Luciano Mecacci","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The association between the hippocampus and memory has been largely shaped by the landmark case of patient HM in the mid-20th century. However, this manuscript revisits an overlooked and historically significant case reported by Russian neurologist Vladimir M. Bekhterev in 1899, predating HM by five decades. Bekhterev documented a patient with profound amnesia and bilateral hippocampal damage, which he presented in Russian and German abstracts and later summarized in his 1907 work. Despite the anatomical specificity and clinical relevance of the case, highlighting the involvement of the hippocampus in memory and possibly the amygdala in apathy, its theoretical implications remained underappreciated due to contextual, theoretical, and political factors. Bekhterev's reluctance to endorse strict localization of cognitive functions, the dominance of associationist theories in Russian neuroscience, and his politically motivated erasure during Stalin's regime contributed to the case's historical neglect. This paper reconstructs Bekhterev's original reports, revaluates their relevance, and situates them in the broader context of early hippocampal research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 165-176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}