Cortex最新文献

{"title":"Preserving the basal temporal language area: A paradigm shift in predicting verbal memory outcomes after dominant temporal lobectomy","authors":"Olivier Aron ,&nbsp;Judith Mercier ,&nbsp;Natacha Forthoffer ,&nbsp;Mickael Ferand ,&nbsp;Insafe Mezjan ,&nbsp;Helene Brissart ,&nbsp;Sophie Colnat-Coulbois ,&nbsp;Louis Maillard","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>While standard anterior temporal lobectomy (aTL) is widely used for treating drug-resistant temporal epilepsy, predicting postoperative cognitive outcomes in the dominant hemisphere often fails at the individual level. Resection of the Basal Temporal Language Area (BTLA) was already shown to predict verbal impairment post-aTL. This study investigates the impact of the BTLA resection on verbal memory (VM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cortical electrical stimulations via SEEG electrodes were used to identify the BTLA during a visual naming test in the dominant ventral temporal cortex (VTC) of 21 patients, subsequently treated with a tailored aTL. The extent of BTLA resection was quantified and its correlation with VM evolution was assessed early (&lt;1 year) and late (&gt;1 year) postoperatively using a free delayed recall test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The BTLA was located 6–76 mm from the temporal tip, showing significant interindividual variability. The average VTC resection extent was 27 mm, tailored according to SEEG data to preserve as much of the BTLA as possible. A significant correlation was found between the extent of BTLA resection and VM decline both early and late postoperatively. While VTC resection extent was independently associated with early VM decline, only BTLA resection extent correlated with long-term VM impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results suggest the BTLA to be involved, not only in lexical access, but possibly also in declarative memory. On a practical level, precise individual mapping of the BTLA appears crucial for predicting long-term cognitive outcomes post-aTL. This could inform surgical approaches to minimize cognitive impairment in the dominant temporal epilepsy surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 97-106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-language interaction during sequential anomia treatment in three languages: Evidence from a trilingual person with aphasia","authors":"Claudia Peñaloza ,&nbsp;Manuel Jose Marte ,&nbsp;Anne Billot ,&nbsp;Swathi Kiran","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Language rehabilitation research has reported mixed evidence in bilinguals with aphasia suggesting that therapy can benefit the treated language alone or additionally result in cross-language generalization to the untreated language, while cross-language interference effects are less common. However, treatment effects in multilinguals with aphasia (MWA) have been less frequently investigated, and examining cross-language interactions during therapy may help to better understand their treatment response in each language. This study reports on P1, a trilingual person with severe aphasia with extensive damage to cortical language regions and the basal ganglia, who received sequential semantic-based treatment for anomia in her L3 French, L1 Spanish and L2 English. Overall, significant treatment gains in the treated language were restricted to her L3 French, the weakest language, while her treatment response was limited across languages likely due to severe language impairment and extensive damage to the language processing network. Cross-language generalization effects were absent and P1 showed cross-language interference in her L2 English during treatment in her L3 French. Cross-language intrusions were observed between languages, more frequently in her L2 English (the least available language in treatment) than in her L1 Spanish (the strongest language). The absence of cross-language generalization and presence of cross-language interference in P1 were likely due to damage in the basal ganglia and executive deficits reflecting damage to the language control network. Severe language processing and language control impairments can hinder the balance between activation and inhibition mechanisms necessary to support response to language treatment in MWA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 107-130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of oral language and speech production through neuromodulation: A systematic review of non-invasive brain stimulation in neurodegeneration","authors":"Eloïse Da Cunha ,&nbsp;Silke Coemans ,&nbsp;Stefanie Keulen ,&nbsp;Cordélia Fauvet ,&nbsp;Raphaël Zory ,&nbsp;Valeria Manera ,&nbsp;Auriane Gros","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral language and speech production analyses are emerging as innovative indicators of neurodegeneration. These components of expressive discourse permit dementia identification at early stages, even in neurodegenerative pathologies with non-dominant linguistic symptomatology. Simultaneously, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been described as an effective neuromodulation technique to counter neurodegenerative symptoms. This systematic review assesses whether neuromodulation via NIBS can impact oral expressive discourse through oral language and speech production parameters in neurodegenerative contexts. We conducted a systematic review of NIBS studies reporting longitudinal changes of oral expressive output tasks in patients with a neurodegenerative condition. A systematic search of studies published between 2011 and 2024 was performed from four databases (Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase). Data analysis yielded 27 relevant studies with quality assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 and JBI tools This review suggests that neuromodulation via NIBS can positively influence oral expression capacities. Nonetheless, neuromodulation impact varies based on clinical diagnosis, intervention parameters, and patient demographics. Speech production measures appear more sensitive to neuromodulation than oral production capability scores. Neuroimaging data further reveals that speech production longitudinal changes appear linked to NIBS-induced changes in brain activity. In that sense, speech and oral language production parameters emerge as potential sensitive indicators of neuromodulation effects and neurodegenerative symptomatology fluctuations. This review highlights the potential of NIBS in enhancing speech and oral language production in neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting the importance of personalized interventions and multidimensional assessment approaches. Future research should explore the integration of speech markers as progressive indicators of both symptomatic and neural developments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 148-190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underestimation of human hand density","authors":"Denise Cadete,&nbsp;Pearl Young,&nbsp;Brad Hallett,&nbsp;Elisa R. Ferrè,&nbsp;Matthew R. Longo","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our body is a 3D object, with physical properties such as volume, weight and density. Our brain has to represent these physical properties in the perception of one's own body and body parts. It has been shown that we have a distorted representation of hand size and hand weight. In this study, we investigated the perception of hand volume without experimental alterations. We found that people overestimate the volume of their hand on average by 24%, relative to its actual volume, and we replicated the hand weight underestimation by 25% relative to its actual weight. With a precise estimation of perceived hand volume and hand weight, we calculated perceived hand density. The mean perceived hand density was .75 g/cc, comparable to foam beads, an underestimation of 31% of actual hand density. Our findings suggest that the brain maintains a stable representation of hand density at a low level, with perceived hand weight and volume adjusting accordingly, rather than being estimated independently. Our results add to a body of evidence showing that the representation of our body parts is inherently distorted. This study contributes to the understanding of how volume, weight and density are estimated in the perception of body parts, and the relationship between the representations of physical bodily properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intentionally versus spontaneously prolonged Gaze: A MEG study of active gaze-based interaction","authors":"Anatoly N. Vasilyev ,&nbsp;Evgeniy P. Svirin ,&nbsp;Ignat A. Dubynin ,&nbsp;Anna V. Butorina ,&nbsp;Yuri O. Nuzhdin ,&nbsp;Alexei E. Ossadtchi ,&nbsp;Tatiana A. Stroganova ,&nbsp;Sergei L. Shishkin","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eye fixations are increasingly employed to control computers through gaze-sensitive interfaces, yet the brain mechanisms supporting this non-visual use of gaze remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed 306-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG) to find out what is specific to brain activity when gaze is used voluntarily for control.</div><div>MEG was recorded while participants played a video game controlled by their eye movements. Each move required object selection by fixating it for at least 500 msec. Gaze dwells were classified as intentional if followed by a confirmation gaze on a designated location and as spontaneous otherwise.</div><div>We identified both induced oscillatory and sustained phase-locked MEG activity differentiating intentional and spontaneous gaze dwells. Induced power analysis revealed prominent alpha-beta band synchronization (8–30 Hz) localized in the frontal cortex, with location broadly consistent with the frontal eye fields. This synchronization began 500–750 msec before intentional fixation onset and peaked shortly after it, suggesting proactive inhibition of saccadic activity. Sustained evoked responses further distinguished the two conditions, showing gradually rising cortical activation with a maximum at 200 msec post-onset in the inferior temporal cortex during intentional fixations, likely indicative of focused attentional engagement on spatial targets. These findings illuminate the neural dynamics underlying intentional gaze control, shedding light on the roles of proactive inhibitory mechanisms and attentional processes in voluntary behavior.</div><div>By leveraging a naturalistic gaze-based interaction paradigm, this study offers a novel framework for investigating voluntary control under free behavior conditions and holds potential applications for enhancing hybrid eye-brain-computer interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 76-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"They look virtually the same: Extraretinal representation of symmetry in virtual reality","authors":"Elena Karakashevska,&nbsp;Michael Batterley,&nbsp;Yuxin Yao,&nbsp;Alexis D.J. Makin","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brain must identify objects from different viewpoints that change the retinal image. This study examined the conditions under which the brain spends computational resources to construct view-invariant, extraretinal representations in a 3D virtual environment. We focused on extraretinal representation of visual symmetry. Visual symmetry activates the extrastriate visual cortex and generates an Event Related Potential (ERP) called Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN). Amplitude is lower for symmetrical compared to asymmetrical stimuli at posterior electrodes. Given a symmetric pattern on a plane, regularity in the retinal image is degraded by perspective. Previous studies have found that the SPN is selectively reduced for perspective symmetry – we term this perspective cost. This cost may be reduced when sufficient visual cues are available to support view invariance. To explore this, we used a VR-based 3D environment. Forty-eight participants completed 2 tasks, discriminating stimulus regularity (symmetry or asymmetry) and discriminating stimulus luminance (light or dark). We computed perspective cost as the difference between frontoparallel and perspective SPN. In the Regularity task, perspective cost was significantly &lt;.35 μV – our a priori definition of a small SPN modulation, indicating no perspective cost. The results from the Luminance task were less clear. SPN cost was not significantly more than 0 μV, but not significantly less than .35 μV. We conclude that the extrastriate cortex can construct extraretinal representations of symmetry when sufficient visual depth cues are available. This certainly happens during regularity discrimination and may happen automatically during luminance discrimination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 59-75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burning houses revisited: Unconscious preferences not specifically associated with semantic content or visuospatial neglect","authors":"Margaret Jane Moore ,&nbsp;Georgina Hobden ,&nbsp;Sam S. Webb ,&nbsp;Ibe Couwels ,&nbsp;Jason B. Mattingley ,&nbsp;Nele Demeyere","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marshall and Halligan’s (1988) pioneering study of unconscious processing in visuospatial neglect is one of the most influential neuropsychological single case studies of the last 40 years. Here we report a pre-registered conceptual replication of this study in a large group of patients. Fifty-four stroke survivors (21 with neglect), unselected for lesion location, completed a computerised and extended variation of the Burning House Task. Patients were asked to report whether pairs of pictures were the same or different, and then asked to indicate which image they preferred. On critical trials, one image was normal (intact), and the other had a lateralised addition of either fire (burning) or shading (shaded). In pre-registered analyses, one patient reliably preferred the intact images despite reporting the two to be identical. This replicates Marshall &amp; Halligan’s main finding, except that our patient did not have neglect. In exploratory analyses, with adjusted criteria, we identified five additional patients with this pattern, only one of whom showed signs of neglect. All six patients showed similar preferences for intact over burning and shaded pictures, suggesting that the preference was not due to unconscious processing of semantic content (‘fire’). Overall, the results suggest that the preference bias preference reported by Marshall &amp; Halligan is neither common in neglect nor exclusive to neglect, and may not be driven by semantic processing of the meaning of fire.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of disconnection mechanisms in category-specific semantic disorders for living beings. A critical review","authors":"Guido Gainotti","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review reconsiders some debates raised by the discovery that herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) can provoke category-specific semantic disorders (CSSD) for living entities, due to the greater weight that visual features have in the identification of members of this category. The main issues taken into account regard the interaction between two research domains. The first concerns the fractionation of the ‘living beings’ into the ‘animals’ and the ‘plant life’ categories, which has shown that the impairment of fruits and vegetables is provoked by lesions in the territory of the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA). The second concerns the role played by the etiology of lesions on CSSD for living beings. This issue stems from the fact that CSSD for living beings have been rarely reported in Semantic Dementia (SD), even if both HSE and SD involve the same anterior fronto-temporal structures. Our review strongly suggests that the impairment of plant life categories in patients with left PCA infarct may be due to a posterior disconnection mechanism, decoupling the verbal representations of fruits and vegetables from the processing of colors only through the right hemisphere. A disconnection of white matter tracts could also explain the discrepancy between HSE and SD lesions in the generation of CSSD for living beings, because SD affects only the cortical neurons, whereas the swelling lesions typical of HSE involve also the underlying white matter that plays a critical role in disconnection mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sparks fade with distance: The effect of electric field distribution on global motion perception using different tES techniques","authors":"Andrea Pavan ,&nbsp;Filippo Ghin ,&nbsp;Adriano Contillo ,&nbsp;Sibel Akyuz ,&nbsp;Gianluca Campana","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous evidence has shown that high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) reduces motion coherence thresholds when applied with a cephalic montage (i.e., return electrode over Cz). Extracephalic montages, which avoid stimulating regions under the return electrode, have also been used to modulate behavioral performance. In this study, we investigated the effects of different transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) protocols on visual motion discrimination, placing the return electrode on the ipsilateral arm. We assessed the impact of electrode positioning using hf-tRNS, anodal, cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and Sham stimulation over hMT+, a brain region involved in global motion perception. Motion direction discrimination was measured using random dot kinematograms (RDKs). Given the increased distance between the stimulation and return electrodes in this montage, we expected a smaller reduction in motion discrimination thresholds compared to our previous study. Our results suggest that increasing interelectrode distance alters current flow characteristics - such as current distribution and focality - within the cortical areas under the target electrode, producing different effects. Additionally, no significant effects were observed with the other tES protocols tested. Our findings suggest that change in the interelectrode distance influences current flow characteristics, such as current distribution and focality, within the cortical areas under the target electrode, resulting in differential neuromodulatory effects. These results highlight the importance of stimulation configuration on performance, particularly a potential electric field shift due to the change in the interelectrode distance. Given the widespread application of brain stimulation techniques in clinical and cognitive research, our results can guide future studies carefully considering this further aspect of stimulation montage configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 20-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metacognition in motion: The interplay between motor evidence and visual information in shaping sensorimotor confidence","authors":"Catherine Culot ,&nbsp;Wim Notebaert ,&nbsp;Wim Gevers","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the role of internal motor signals and visual information in the detection of and confidence in Partial-errors (PEs), subtle endogenous motor corrections. Using electromyographic (EMG) recordings, we captured motor activations during a conflict task in which participants reported the presence of PEs and rated their confidence. Two experiments were conducted: Experiment 1 provided visible visual conflict through supraliminal primes, while Experiment 2 reduced visual feedback using subliminal primes. In both Experiments, participants demonstrated limited PE detection and above-chance metacognitive efficiency. Notably, when participants reported the absence of a PE, confidence was lower when a PE was actually present (unaware PE) compared to when there was no PE (correct rejection), suggesting implicit sensitivity to motor activation. Detection and confidence were systematically influenced by motor signals, with larger PE amplitudes and longer correction times leading to higher detection rates and confidence levels. However, a metacognitive bias emerged: confidence was paradoxically lower for detected PEs than for undetected ones, despite strong motor evidence. Visual information modulated the reliance on motor signals. In Experiment 2, where subliminal priming reduced visual feedback, motor signals had a more pronounced influence on both detection and confidence. These findings highlight the complementary roles of internal motor signals and external visual information in shaping sensorimotor confidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 35-49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}