Cortex最新文献

{"title":"An insight from the default mode network in patients with amnesia following left thalamic infarction involving the mediodorsal nucleus and mammillothalamic tract","authors":"Lola Danet ,&nbsp;Emmanuel J. Barbeau ,&nbsp;Marie Lafuma ,&nbsp;Fabrice Bonneville ,&nbsp;Igor Sibon ,&nbsp;Jean-François Albucher ,&nbsp;Jérémie Pariente ,&nbsp;Patrice Peran","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of the medial part of the thalamus, and in particular the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) and the mammillothalamic tract (MTT), in memory has long been studied, but their contribution remains unclear. While the main functional hypothesis regarding the MTT focuses on memory, some authors postulate that the MD plays a supervisory executive role (indirectly affecting memory retrieval) due to its dense structural connectivity with the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Recently, it has been proposed that the MD, MTT and PFC form part of the DMN the default mode network (DMN). Due to the theoretical presence of MD and MTT in the DMN, we aimed to show the effect of thalamic lesions on functional connectivity (FC) and its putative role in cognitive impairment.</div><div>We recruited 12 patients with left thalamic infarction and 12 matched healthy controls. They underwent neuropsychological assessment including memory tasks, morphological 3D MRI and resting state fMRI. A ROI-to-ROI method was used for group-level FC analyses.</div><div>Patients had lesions in the MD and ventrolateral nuclei, with a damaged mammillothalamic tract (MTT) in seven of them. They showed lower performance than controls on verbal memory, executive function and language tests, with more impairment in memory, working memory, semantic verbal fluency and attention in the MTT-damaged patients. Contrast analyses between patients and matched controls showed lower FC in the ventral and dorsal DMN. Correlation analyses (patients and controls pooled) showed i/a positive correlation between memory and DMN, and ii/that MTT volume correlated with decreased functional connectivity in the dorsal DMN, whereas there was no correlation with MD lesion volume.</div><div>These results suggest that both the memory impairment and the DMN functional change we observed may reflect an effect of the MTT lesion rather than MD damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 220-231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral peri-hand bias affects the horizontal but not the vertical distribution of attention","authors":"Noah Britt,&nbsp;Hong-jin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been demonstrated that humans exhibit an attention bias towards the lower visual field (<em>e.g.</em>, faster target detection for targets appearing below eye level). This bias has been interpreted as reflecting the visual motor demand in near space below eye level. In this study, we examined whether this spatial bias could be affected by participants' hand position at the time of testing. Specifically, if the hand position is held at eye level at the time of target detection, whether the bias toward the lower visual field would be reduced if the bias is directly related to the motor demand at the time of testing. Using a modified spatial cueing paradigm, in Experiment 1, we found a downward bias in reaction time measures and cueing effects in a target detection task. In Experiment 2, using the same stimulus used in Experiment 1, we compared attention performance when participants’ dominant (right) hand was positioned close to the right side of the visual display with the conditions where their hand was in their laps. We revealed that despite an influence on the horizontal distribution of attention (lateral peri-hand effect), the downward bias in attention remained regardless of the hand position. This revealed that lateral peri-hand manipulation is insufficient to override the attention advantage for stimuli appearing in the lower visual field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 251-260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-right-handedness, male sex, and regional, network-specific, ventral occipito-temporal anomalous lateralization in adults with a history of reading disability","authors":"Zachary A. Miller ,&nbsp;Leighton B.N. Hinkley ,&nbsp;Valentina Borghesani ,&nbsp;Ezra Mauer ,&nbsp;Wendy Shwe ,&nbsp;Danielle Mizuiri ,&nbsp;Rian Bogley ,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Mandelli ,&nbsp;Jessica de Leon ,&nbsp;Christa Watson Pereira ,&nbsp;Isabel Allen ,&nbsp;John Houde ,&nbsp;Joel Kramer ,&nbsp;Bruce L. Miller ,&nbsp;Srikantan S. Nagarajan ,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on historic observations that children with reading disabilities were disproportionately both male and non-right-handed, and that early life insults of the left hemisphere were more frequent in boys and non-right-handed children, it was proposed that early focal neuronal injury disrupts typical patterns of motor hand and language dominance and in the process produces developmental dyslexia. To date, these theories remain controversial. We revisited these earliest theories in a contemporary manner, investigating demographics associated with reading disability, and in a subgroup with and without reading disability, compared structural imaging as well as patterns of activity during tasks of verb generation and non-word repetition using magnetoencephalography source imaging. In a large group of healthy aging adults (<em>n</em> = 282; average age 72.3), we assessed reading ability via the Adult Reading History Questionnaire and found that non-right-handedness and male sex significantly predicted endorsed reading disability. In a subset of participants from the larger cohort who endorsed reading disability (<em>n</em> = 14) and a group who denied reading disability (<em>n</em> = 22), we compared structural and functional imaging data. We failed to detect structural differences in volumetric brain morphometry analyses, however we observed decreased neural activity on magnetoencephalography within the reading disability group. The detected differences were largely restricted to left hemisphere ventral occipito-temporal and posterior-lateral temporal cortices, the visual word form area and middle temporal gyrus, regions implicated in developmental dyslexia. Moreover, these observed disruptions occurred in a focal, network-specific manner, preferentially disturbing the ventral/sight reading recognition pathway, resulting in a pattern of regional anomalous lateralization of function that distinguished the reading disability cohort from normal readers. Collectively, the results presented here align with old theories regarding the etiology of developmental dyslexia and highlight how results from investigating neurodevelopmental differences in healthy aging individuals can powerfully contribute towards our overall understanding of neurodevelopment and neurodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 116-130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imagery and perception in acquired prosopagnosia: Functional variants and their relation to structure","authors":"Jason J.S. Barton ,&nbsp;Brad Duchaine ,&nbsp;Andrea Albonico","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current models of face perception and the face-processing network suggest that acquired prosopagnosia may not be a single disorder but rather a family of variants differing in mechanism. It has been proposed that tests of face perception and face imagery can probe component processes to support apperceptive, associative, and amnestic distinctions. However, validating this proposal is hampered by the rarity of this condition. Here we report observations gathered over two-and-a-half decades on the perception of facial shape and the imagery for famous faces of twenty-three patients.</div><div>Patients with lesions limited to the occipitotemporal lobes had an apperceptive profile, with impaired perception of facial shape but no or mild deficits for face imagery. The apperceptive defect affected not just configuration but also feature size and external contour, especially in the upper face, and was more severe when subjects attended to multiple aspects of the face. An amnestic profile, with severely impaired imagery and minimally affected perception, was seen in two patients, one with right and one with bilateral anterior temporal damage. Four patients had an apperceptive/amnestic combination, all with bilateral occipitotemporal and right anterior temporal damage. Right anterior temporal damage alone often caused only mild imagery deficits: along with their relatively intact face perception, these subjects came closest to meeting proposed exclusionary criteria for an associative variant, i.e., relative preservation of both imagery and perception.</div><div>These results confirm a link between apperceptive prosopagnosia and occipitotemporal lesions. Damage to the right anterior temporal lobe was common to all with a severe amnestic deficit, but often requiring additional damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 330-348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Registered report withdrawn registration notice","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Page 421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of occlusion on the visual working memory pointer-system","authors":"Shani Friedman ,&nbsp;Roberto Dell’Acqua ,&nbsp;Paola Sessa ,&nbsp;Roy Luria","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To access its online representations, visual working memory (VWM) relies on a pointer-system that creates correspondence between objects in the environment with their memory representations. This pointer-system allows VWM to modify its representations using a process called updating. When the pointer is invalidated, however, VWM triggers a process called resetting in which the no longer relevant representation and pointer are replaced. Past studies used the contralateral delay activity (CDA) to differentiate between updating and resetting and found that resetting is followed by a drop in the CDA amplitude. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of occlusion on VWM representations and the resetting process across four experiments. Experiment 1 examined whether resetting occurs with occluded changes and compared the CDA of occluded versus visible objects. The results indicated a decline in CDA amplitude during occlusion, but it was unclear if resetting occurred when the change was occluded due to the lack of time-locked changes. To better isolate the resetting process, Experiment 2 used a brief occluder appearances (100 ms) and observed a CDA drop likely due to an ERP response to the sudden stimulus appearance. This drop occurred earlier than the resetting CDA drop and appeared even in conditions that did not trigger resetting, which indicates that it might be an ERP response to the short and sudden appearance of a stimulus. Experiment 3 further isolated this ERP response, confirming the early CDA drop as a reaction to the occluder's onset and offset. Experiment 4, which included occluders that did not flash to avoid ERP responses, found a CDA drop indicating that resetting can occur with inferred changes. These findings suggest that VWM maintains representations of occluded objects, and can update or reset these representations based on inferred changes, with brief stimuli eliciting ERP responses that affect CDA amplitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 373-390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating changes in connected speech in nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia following script training","authors":"Stephanie M. Grasso ,&nbsp;Karinne Berstis ,&nbsp;Kristin Schaffer Mendez ,&nbsp;Willa R. Keegan-Rodewald ,&nbsp;Lisa D. Wauters ,&nbsp;Eduardo Europa ,&nbsp;H. Isabel Hubbard ,&nbsp;Heather R. Dial ,&nbsp;J. Gregory Hixon ,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini ,&nbsp;Adam Vogel ,&nbsp;Maya L. Henry","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.09.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Script training is a speech-language intervention designed to promote fluent connected speech via repeated rehearsal of functional content. This type of treatment has proven beneficial for individuals with aphasia and apraxia of speech caused by stroke and, more recently, for individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA). In the largest study to-date evaluating the efficacy of script training in individuals with nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA; Henry et al., 2018), robust treatment effects were observed, with maintenance of gains up to one year post-treatment. However, outcomes were constrained to measures of script accuracy, intelligibility, and grammaticality, providing a limited view of potential treatment benefit to connected speech. The current study evaluated the utility of a broader set of connected speech measures for characterizing script training outcomes in 20 individuals with nfvPPA who were administered Video-Implemented Script Training for Aphasia (VISTA). Probes of trained and untrained script topics from pre- and post-treatment were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using Computerized Language ANalysis (CLAN, MacWhinney, 2000) to extract measures of fluency, grammar, and informativeness. Speech timing measures (e.g., articulation rate, mean pause duration) were derived from audio files. Participants demonstrated significant changes for trained topics from pre-to post-treatment in words per minute, fluency disruptions per hundred words, mean length of utterance in morphemes, grammatical complexity, and proportion of open to closed class words. Reductions were observed in mean and variability of syllable duration and mean pause duration, and speech to pause ratio increased. These findings lend additional support for script training as a means to promote fluency of connected speech in individuals with nfvPPA and illustrate the utility of automated and semi-automated measures for characterizing treatment effects following intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 193-210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral applause sign in progressive supranuclear palsy","authors":"Kazuto Katsuse ,&nbsp;Kazuo Kakinuma ,&nbsp;Nobuko Kawakami ,&nbsp;Shoko Ota ,&nbsp;Ai Kawamura ,&nbsp;Nanayo Ogawa ,&nbsp;Chifumi Iseki ,&nbsp;Masashi Hamada ,&nbsp;Tatsushi Toda ,&nbsp;Shigenori Kanno ,&nbsp;Minoru Matsuda ,&nbsp;Kyoko Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The applause sign (AS) is a recognized phenomenon observed in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and other neurological conditions where individuals produce over three claps following a request to clap only thrice after a demonstration. In this study, we introduced a novel linguistic phenomenon termed the oral applause sign (OAS) associated with the AS. The OAS is characterized by increased repetition counts of Japanese repetitive onomatopoeic words, such as uttering “<em>pata-pata-pata</em>” instead of the expected “<em>pata-pata</em>.” We identified this phenomenon in a patient with PSP exhibiting the AS and mild apraxia of speech. In addition, we developed the three-“<em>pata</em>” test, instructing the patient to say “<em>pata</em>” only thrice after demonstration without any semantic context, and reproduced the phenomenon of the additional increase of “<em>pata</em>” verbalization. The core feature of OAS is an inability to limit the count when repeating a small number of syllables continuously, similar to the inability to stop clapping. The shared features between the OAS and AS suggest potential overlapping mechanisms involving the dysfunction of the frontal lobe and subcortical structures and possibly, apraxia of speech. Considering that the OAS is triggered purely by repetition and unlikely to be affected by semantic content, it might be observable in Japanese and other languages. Longitudinal studies with larger cohorts across various neurodegenerative diseases and languages may elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the OAS and confirm its specificity to PSP, thus improving the generalizability and clinical relevance of the findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 391-397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the stop-signal P3 reflect inhibitory control?","authors":"Mario Hervault ,&nbsp;Cheol Soh ,&nbsp;Jan R. Wessel","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to stop already-initiated actions is paramount to adaptive behavior. In psychology and neuroscience alike, action-stopping is a popular model behavior to probe inhibitory control – the underlying cognitive control process that is purportedly vital to regulating thoughts and actions. Starting with seminal work in the 1990s, the frontocentral stop-signal P3 – an event-related potential derived from scalp EEG – has been proposed as a neurophysiological index of inhibitory control during action-stopping. However, this association has been challenged repeatedly over recent years. Here, we perform a critical review of both the evidence in support of the association between this P3 index and inhibitory control, as well as its documented criticisms. We first comprehensively review literature from the past three decades that suggested a link between stop-signal P3 and inhibitory control. Second, we then replicate the key empirical patterns reported in that body of literature in a uniquely large stop-signal task EEG dataset (<em>N</em> = 255). Third, we then examine the criticisms raised against the view of P3 as an index of inhibitory control and evaluate the evidence supporting these arguments. Finally, we present an updated view of the process(es) reflected in the stop-signal P3. Specifically, we propose that the stop-signal P3 indexes a specific, selective inhibitory control process that critically contributes to action-stopping. This view is motivated by recent two-stage models of inhibitory control and emerging empirical data. Together, we hope to clarify the process(es) reflected in the stop-signal P3 and resolve the ongoing debates regarding its utility as an index of inhibitory control during action-stopping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 232-250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Overlapping but separate number representations in the intraparietal sulcus—Probing format- and modality-independence in sighted Braille readers” [Cortex 162 (May 2023) 65–80]","authors":"Marcin Szwed","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Page 420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}