Cortex最新文献

{"title":"Cerebellar engagement for narrative comprehension in Chinese-English bilinguals","authors":"Chan Tang ,&nbsp;Hehui Li ,&nbsp;Juan Zhang ,&nbsp;Menghan Yang ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Linyan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangrong Tang ,&nbsp;Yue Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Lei ,&nbsp;Lanfang Liu ,&nbsp;Guosheng Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cerebellum, traditionally regarded as a part of the motor network, has recently been implicated in higher-level language processing and narrative comprehension. However, its role in complex bilingual narrative comprehension remains unexplored. A critical question is whether the cerebellum maintains consistent functional profiles across languages or adapts flexibly. In this study, we investigated the cross-language consistency and language-specific modulations in cerebellar activation and cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity in highly proficient Chinese-English bilinguals (N = 28) while they completed a narrative comprehension task in their first (L1) and second (L2) language. We found that the right posterior cerebellum, particularly the Crus I and Crus II, exhibited spatially consistent activation during narrative comprehension in both languages. Compared to meaningless material processing, this region showed increased connectivity with the cortical default mode network (DMN) during narrative comprehension, with significantly stronger connectivity with DMN during L1 processing compared to L2. Additionally, the connectivity between the narrative-sensitive cerebellar regions and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was positively correlated with L2 age of acquisition (AoA) during L2 processing. This association between the cerebellum with L2 AoA suggests that the cerebellum undergoes bilingual experience-dependent adaptations to support bilingual language processing. Our results suggest that the cerebellum flexibly adjusts its connectivity and pattern with the cerebral cortex during narrative comprehension across languages. The enhanced cortico-cerebellar collaboration during L2 processing reflects a compensatory neural mechanism tied to L2 AoA. This study underscores the cerebellum's flexible functional mechanisms in bilingual narrative comprehension and its adaptive role in late L2 acquisition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 16-32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover figure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00308-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00308-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"193 ","pages":"Page e1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor preparation during pain observation does not influence event-related Mu and Beta desynchronization","authors":"Carl Michael Galang ,&nbsp;Michael Jenkins ,&nbsp;Taryn Sanders ,&nbsp;Ruchi Vijh ,&nbsp;Sukhvinder S. Obhi","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous EEG research has shown that observing others in pain increases sensorimotor activity, as indexed by Mu (7–12 Hz) and Beta (13–30 Hz) desynchronization. Such activity is often interpreted as reflecting empathic processing through shared neural representations between the observer and target. In everyday life, observing another in pain can trigger a range of potential action tendencies (e.g., withdrawing, helping, or protecting oneself), but EEG studies typically restrict movement to avoid artifacts. This immobility may produce an artificial scenario that limits our understanding of how motor readiness and empathic processing interact. The present study examined whether engaging the motor system (via a simple key press) modulates these neural responses. Participants observed videos and pictures of a hand being stabbed by a needle or touched by a Q-tip. In half of the blocks, they prepared and executed a speeded key press to a Go signal; in the other half, they remained still. Results revealed Mu and Beta desynchronization during pain observation regardless of movement condition, replicating prior findings. These effects were unrelated to reaction times or empathy traits, suggesting that sensorimotor resonance during pain observation reflects a stable response rather than one contingent on task-specific motor preparation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 160-170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face processing deficits following brain tumours: Behavioural correlates and surgery-sensitive hotspots","authors":"Fabio Campanella ,&nbsp;Corrado Corradi-Dell’Acqua ,&nbsp;Giulia Sebastianutto ,&nbsp;Miran Skrap","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Face processing deficits have mostly been documented in single cases/small samples, and rarely following brain tumours. Right hemisphere functions in general are under-investigated in brain tumour patients, despite the need to preserve them during surgery. We assessed anatomical correlates of a critical right hemisphere function, face processing, and specifically deficits in memorizing and recognizing unknown faces; decoding emotional expressions; and whether deficits are preferentially right lateralized, or could also be observed following left hemisphere damage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>110 patients with unilateral tumours were evaluated before/after surgery and at 6 months follow-up with a battery of tasks tapping different face processing levels: Benton Face Recognition Test (BFRT), Recognition Memory Test for Faces (RMT-F), Ekman 60-Faces Test (EK-60F) for emotional expressions. Behavioural analyses assessed the prevalence of face related deficits across hemispheres and surgery effects. Voxel-based Lesion Symptom Mapping (VLSM) provided more refined anatomical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Deficits in BFRT &amp; RMT-F were more frequent after right hemisphere tumours, while EK-60F impairments were more evenly distributed. Furthermore, deficits in BFRT and EK-60F significantly worsened post-surgery. VLSM mapped deficits in RMT-F in right hippocampal/middle temporal lesions. Furthermore, surgery in right Fusiform Face Area/Hippocampus led to greater deficits in BFRT, an association not visible pre-surgery. Likewise, lower post-surgery EK-60F scores were found after left Amygdala/Hippocampal damage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results highlight the key role of right temporal lobe for many aspects of face processing, with only emotion recognition being also associated with the left hemisphere. The sensitivity of facial processing hotspots to surgical damage demands careful monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 33-48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities for Registered Reports in neuropsychology","authors":"Robert D. McIntosh ,&nbsp;D. Samuel Schwarzkopf ,&nbsp;Richard J. Binney ,&nbsp;Pia Rotshtein","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages A1-A4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145721478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White matter differences in college-educated dyslexic and control adults: A diffusion MRI study in Brazilian Portuguese speakers","authors":"Bruce Martins ,&nbsp;Edson Amaro ,&nbsp;Ellison Fernando Cardoso ,&nbsp;Katerina Lukasova ,&nbsp;Mariana Penteado Nucci","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brain white matter microstructure of adult dyslexic readers is rarely studied, particularly in non-English speaking populations. This study investigated structural differences in white matter between Dyslexic and Control adults, all native Brazilian Portuguese speakers with a college-level education. We analyzed diffusion MRI data from 62 volunteers (26 with dyslexia and 36 controls), using deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Groups were matched for age, sex, handedness, and level of formal education. Deterministic analysis revealed significantly lower mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in individuals with dyslexia in the posterior right hemisphere, particularly in core reading-related tracts such as the superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Probabilistic analysis showed widespread group differences in all diffusion measures investigated, including tracts not typically linked to dyslexia, and revealed alterations mainly in fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity in posterior portions of tracts within the right hemisphere. Correlations between reading fluency and diffusion metrics revealed distinct neural behavioral patterns between groups, suggesting different neural mechanisms underlying reading abilities. These findings provide novel insights into white matter microstructure in dyslexia among Portuguese speakers and underscore the importance of cross-linguistic studies in reading disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 74-89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face the future! How the self and time shape mind-wandering","authors":"Giovanni Cantarella ,&nbsp;Alberto Massimiliano Umiltà ,&nbsp;Debora Stendardi ,&nbsp;Eleonora Bonifazi ,&nbsp;Agnese Tarantelli ,&nbsp;Elisa Ciaramelli","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adaptive mind-wandering is mostly future-oriented, and previous evidence suggests that self-reflection promotes future-oriented thought. This study investigates whether the activation of the Self (<em>vs</em> another person's) schema and of a representation of the future (<em>vs</em> present) time is followed by changes in the frequency and content of aware (self-caught) and unaware (probe-caught) mind-wandering. Four groups of healthy young adults viewed their current face (Present Self condition; N = 27) or aged face (Future Self condition; N = 28), or the current (Present Other condition; N = 29) or aged face of a famous person (Future Other condition; N = 27) and attributed personality traits to the individual they viewed. Participants then engaged in a Choice Reaction Time task with concomitant assessment of self-caught and probe-caught mind-wandering. We found that viewing an older compared to a younger face was associated with higher rates of aware mind-wandering, while viewing one's own compared to someone else's face was associated with higher rates of unaware mind-wandering, involving self-related and future-oriented thoughts. These findings show that both Self and Time schemata are associated with the frequency and content of off-task thought, with dissociable effects on aware and unaware forms of mind-wandering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of discourse particles in oral picture description by individuals with primary progressive aphasia","authors":"Imke Wets ,&nbsp;Vitória Piai ,&nbsp;Lize Jiskoot ,&nbsp;Esther van den Berg ,&nbsp;Nikki Janssen ,&nbsp;Lotte Hogeweg ,&nbsp;Marina B. Ruiter ,&nbsp;Helen de Hoop","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Discourse production, including the use of discourse particles, is crucial in everyday communication. Discourse particles (e.g., <em>ja</em> ‘yeah’) form a heterogeneous group of words that fulfil different functions such as structuring the discourse or marking the relationship between the hearer and speaker. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative language condition that causes communication breakdowns. In this study, we examined the production of discourse particles by 58 Dutch-speaking individuals with PPA and 40 neurologically healthy speakers (NHS). We analysed language samples obtained from a picture description task for the use of discourse particles, comprising both discourse particles that require an assessment of the interlocutor's discourse belief (e.g., <em>eigenlijk</em> ‘actually’) as well as discourse particles with a more general discourse-structuring function (e.g., <em>ja</em> ‘yeah’ <em>nee</em> ‘no’<em>, nou</em> ‘well’). We found that individuals with PPA used the discourse particle <em>ja</em> 'yeah' more frequently than NHS (<em>p</em> &lt; .001) relative to <em>eigenlijk</em>. The results also showed that the discourse particles <em>nee</em> ‘no’ and <em>nou</em> ‘well’ were used differently by individuals with PPA versus NHS. These discourse particles were employed by individuals with PPA to signal or manage word-finding difficulties. The findings underline the variety in functions and complexity of discourse markers. Studying and comparing the use of individual particles by speakers with a neurodegenerative language disorder is therefore not only informative to understand these disorders but also provides more insight into the heterogeneity of the class of discourse particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 134-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145548661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain activation for actual and imagined hand movement following bilateral hand transplantation","authors":"David J. Madden ,&nbsp;Jenna L. Merenstein ,&nbsp;Todd B. Harshbarger ,&nbsp;Linda C. Cendales","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hand transplantation has been successful in restoring function in a select group of people, but the mechanisms by which the central nervous system integrates a new hand are unknown. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activation related to actual and imagined hand movement, for a recipient (female, 60 years of age) of bilateral hand transplants. Investigation of a patient-specific network of sensorimotor cortical regions was conducted at a preoperative session, as well as at three assessments conducted over a 16-month, post-transplantation period. We detected significant activation for both actual and imagined hand movement, relative to a rest baseline, for both transplanted hands, at all three postoperative sessions. Activation was higher for actual movement than for imagined movement. Across the postoperative period, movement-related activation decreased in magnitude, relative to an imagined-movement baseline. Movement-related activation also became more focused, postoperatively, on hand-related brain regions, in contralateral sensorimotor cortex. Some movement-related brain activation was relatively stronger for the right hand, postoperatively, consistent with the fact that the patient had been right-handed, preoperatively. To our knowledge, this is the first hand-transplant recipient to exhibit more pronounced brain activation, post-transplantation, for actual movement relative to imagined movement. Overall, the findings suggest that, following hand transplantation, sensorimotor cortex returns to a more canonical functional organization, similar to that of healthy individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 57-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple realization in cognitive neurorehabilitation research","authors":"Morten Storm Overgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>I argue that cognitive neurorehabilitation is currently faced with important challenges for its progress. Whereas most challenges are already well-known and debated in the field, a relatively overlooked challenge is whether cognitive functions are multiply realized. I argue that this debate is central to progress in cognitive neurorehabilitation. I conclude arguing that progress is possible but requires methodological improvements to determine how and not just if a function is rehabilitated, and methods to decide whether two instances of a cognitive function are identical. The aim of this article is therefore twofold: first, to demonstrate why the question of multiple realization is not an abstract philosophical curiosity but a methodological bottleneck for research in cognitive neurorehabilitation, and–second - to suggest directions for empirical innovation that can help resolve whether observed recovery reflects restoration, compensation, or genuine multiple realization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"193 ","pages":"Pages 191-196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}