Composites Part B: Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical properties response of isotropic Ti2AlNb/TiAl interpenetrating phase composites with TPMS architectures prepared by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Hang Zou ,&nbsp;Rui Hu ,&nbsp;Kewei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zeyang Wu ,&nbsp;Zitong Gao ,&nbsp;Xinxin Liu ,&nbsp;Chenglin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xian Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiAl alloys with high specific strength, excellent oxidation resistance and high-temperature performance are considered to replace nickel-based superalloys in the range of 700–800 °C. However, the low fracture toughness caused by the extremely high crack growth rate of TiAl alloys is still the biggest bottleneck restricting their development. Moreover, the anisotropy of continuous fibers and laminated structures reinforced composites is still present. In this study, a three-dimensional continuous Ti₂AlNb reinforcement scaffold suitable for the strengthening and toughening of the TiAl alloys was designed, which provides a new idea for isotropic Ti₂AlNb/TiAl interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) with high strength and toughness. Furthermore, the forming quality of the scaffolds prepared by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) was studied, and the anisotropy of L-PBF printed scaffolds was evaluated through the homogenization method and finite element simulation (FEA). What's more, the IPCs were prepared by vacuum hot press sintering (HPS). And the deformation-failure behaviors of scaffolds and their IPCs were analyzed by experimental and FE-simulated quasi-static compression tests. The results show that the equivalent diameter and number of pores for the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures are small, mostly distributed in 30–60 μm with the volume fractions (<em>VFs</em>) of 0.14 %–0.26 %. The sheet-Gyroid (G_sh) and sheet-Split P (SP_sh) exhibit excellent isotropy, followed by the sheet-Diamond (D_sh), while the skeleton-Gyroid (G_sk) and sheet-Primitive (P_sh) show obvious anisotropy as the <em>VF</em> changes. The deviation between the maximum and minimum compressive strength values ranges from 1.7 % to 9.3 % for IPCs with a <em>VF</em> of 30 %, indicating that IPCs show good isotropy. The elastic modulus and yield strength of G_sh-IPCs are 15.8 % and 8.2 % higher than that of linear addition of TiAl matrix and G_sh scaffolds, respectively, which are contributed to three-dimensional interpenetrating structures composed of hard and soft phases, strong interfacial bonding as well as the specific TPMS structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 112559"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergetic strength-ductility enhancement of bcc W wires by coherent oxide nanocomposites pinning effect","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Miao Li ,&nbsp;Fang Xie ,&nbsp;Jianhong Dai ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Gong ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Huang ,&nbsp;Junsong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujing Liu ,&nbsp;Xiping Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin tungsten (W) wires are among the most promising candidates for sawing industrial hard materials, such as wafers and sapphire. However, their limited tensile strength restricts the further reduction of wire diameter, resulting in increased material waste and reduced cutting precision. In this study, we report a thin lanthanum (La)-doped W wire fabricated through La oxide addition assisted ice-bathed non-slip drawing method, exhibiting an ultrahigh tensile strength exceeding 6.92 GPa and a ductility of 4.2 %, realizing improvements of 30.6 % and 33.3 % than pure W wires. This developed wire achieves the highest strength among reported W-based materials while simultaneously realizing a synergetic enhancement in both strength and ductility. Statistical analysis-assisted atomic-resolution imaging and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that hexagonal close-packed (hcp) La oxide precipitates pin at the grain boundaries and form a coherent interface with the body-centered cubic (bcc) W matrix, inducing nano twins, lattice distortion and dislocations within the W matrix, thereby altering its plastic deformation mechanism. The pinning effect enhances grain boundary plasticity and facilitates uniform deformation, leading to the simultaneous improvement of strength and ductility. This work provides a promising prototype for the development of high strength-ductility thin wires and demonstrates a scalable approach for industrial production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 112558"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiscale interfacial engineering to enhance the strength of CFRTP/aluminum FSpJ hybrid joints","authors":"Xiaoyang Bi,&nbsp;Jiachen Li,&nbsp;Peng Li,&nbsp;Honggang Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP)/aluminum hybrid joints are promising for lightweight aircraft design. Welding methods such as friction spot joining (FSpJ) minimize damage to CFRTP fiber structures, making them ideal for hybrid joint fabrication. However, the inherent chemical and physical incompatibility between CFRTP and aluminum hinder strong bonding. To address this, we propose a multiscale interfacial engineering strategy combining mechanical interlocking, covalent/hydrogen bonding, and process optimization. Biomimetic papilla was textured on A6061-T6 aluminum (6061) by femtosecond laser to realize the mechanical interlock with micro and nano scales. Hydroxy group was grafted onto CFRTP to induce the formation of Al–O covalencies and hydrogen bonds, reconstructing the interfacial bonding behavior. The surficial modifications of 6061 and CFRTP worked together to improve the compatibility of the two dissimilar materials. An orthogonal experiment was carried out to optimize the process parameters of friction spot joining (FSpJ), which restrained the formation of the welding defects and increased the density of the interfacial covalent bonds of the hybrid joints. An orthogonal experiment optimized FSpJ parameters, reducing defects and increasing bond density. Meta-learning validated strength prediction with minimal data, supporting parameter selection. The resulting joints achieved highest joining strength of 44.82 MPa and efficiency of 84.57 %. Current work offers a scalable approach for high-reliability CFRTP/metal joints in aerospace and automotive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 112560"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stabilization strategies for bismuth-based anodes in sodium-ion batteries: From nanoscale engineering to carbon hybridization","authors":"Yujie Wang ,&nbsp;Mingkun Jiang ,&nbsp;Marina Ratova ,&nbsp;Dan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bismuth (Bi)-based anode materials hold significant potential for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of their high theoretical capacity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental compatibility. However, severe volume expansion and structural instability during cycling critically impede their practical application. This review comprehensively examines recent progress in stabilizing Bi-based anode materials, emphasizing innovative strategies to mitigate mechanical degradation and enhance electrochemical durability. The pure Bi anodes are first analyzed, emphasizing electrolyte engineering and nanoscale designs that alleviate strain and promote the stable solid-electrolyte interphase formation. Bi-based alloys, including binary and ternary systems, are discussed for their synergistic effects in buffering volume changes while improving conductivity and cyclic reversibility. Next, Bi-based compounds (e.g., chalcogenides) and their heterostructures are explored for their ability to generate internal electric fields and stabilize ion transport pathways. Special attention is given to Bi-carbon composites, where 1D carbon frameworks, graphene encapsulation, and 3D core-shell architectures synergistically suppress pulverization and enhance interfacial stability. Advanced structural designs such as self-adaptive stress-relief configurations and binder-free flexible electrodes, are also evaluated for their role in achieving long-term cycling stability. Finally, we outline future directions, including multi-scale interface engineering, in-situ characterization of structural evolution and scalable fabrication of multifunctional composites. This review provides critical insights into stabilizing Bi-based anodes, paving the way for their deployment in high-performance SIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 112538"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential angiogenic-osteogenic coupling via a spatiotemporally graded hydrogel enables vascularized bone organoids for critical-sized calvarial defect reconstruction","authors":"Xu Lou ,&nbsp;Fuxiao Wang ,&nbsp;Xukun Lv ,&nbsp;Dan Huang ,&nbsp;Yan Hu ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxiao Lai ,&nbsp;Yingying Jing ,&nbsp;Jianhua Wang ,&nbsp;Long Bai ,&nbsp;Jiacan Su ,&nbsp;Hua Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While bone organoids show potential in mimicking native bone microenvironments, their clinical translation is hindered by insufficient vascularization in large cellular aggregates. We present a spatiotemporally graded hydrogel system enabling sequential angiogenic-osteogenic coupling to achieve functional vascularization of bone organoids. The system integrates a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) matrix encapsulating mesenchymal/endothelial cells and dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) with silk fibroin microspheres loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). By leveraging differential degradation kinetics, rapid GelMA dissolution coordinates with DMOG release to initiate prevascular networks for metabolic support, while sustained silk fibroin degradation enables nHAp-mediated osteogenic maturation. Dynamic culture over 21 days demonstrated spatiotemporal synchronization of vascular perfusion and bone matrix deposition, overcoming vascularization limitations in organoid scaling. In critical-sized calvarial defects, this sequential coupling strategy achieved significantly greater bone regeneration compared to static scaffolds, with functional microvascular integration. This spatiotemporally graded hydrogel platform establishes a paradigm for engineering metabolically active bone organoids, advancing hierarchical tissue reconstruction strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 112553"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing magnetic carbon nanofiber composites with magnetic-electric synergistic loss effects for efficient microwave absorption","authors":"Jianhua Zhu ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yinan Fan ,&nbsp;Liu Liu ,&nbsp;Jianhua Yan ,&nbsp;Jianyong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials is imperative to solve the current electromagnetic wave interference and pollution, but it is still challenging to simultaneously achieve strong absorption and wide absorption microwave bandwidth. Here, we report a polypyrrole decorated magnetic carbon nanofiber (CNF) absorber loaded with core-shell Fe₃C@Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, that shows magnetic-electric synergistic loss effects for effective microwave absorption. The hierarchical heterostructure and isotropic 3D network are beneficial for achieving high absorption and loss ability <em>via</em> the synergistic effect of impedance matching, multiple polarization, and magnetic-electric coupling. With a small thickness of 2.4 mm and a low filler loading of only 6 wt%, the as-designed microwave absorber exhibits a minimum reflection loss of −55.74 dB and a wide absorption bandwidth of 7.84 GHz involving the entire Ku band. Moreover, the radar cross-section attenuation of the microwave absorber in the vertical direction reaches a high value of 28.04 dB m², showing the ability to attenuate electromagnetic waves in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 112551"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape-stabilized and flexible phase change materials with enhanced photothermal conversion for efficient thermal energy storage","authors":"Tinghuan Wang,&nbsp;Rongjun Wei,&nbsp;Xuechun Wang,&nbsp;Yuanhang Yang,&nbsp;Zhichuang Wang,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wang,&nbsp;Zhengbin He,&nbsp;Songlin Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal energy storage (TES) systems with phase change materials (PCMs) can efficiently address the intermittency and uneven distribution of solar energy. However, easy leakage, inherent rigidity, and poor photothermal conversion capacity greatly limits their practical utilization. Herein, a novel shape-stabilized composite PCMs with heat-induced flexibility and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency was prepared by impregnating a mixture of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) into cuttlefish ink (CI) melanin decorated melamine foam (MF). To promote its long-term stability, a physical barrier of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating was applied to its surface. Finally, a series of innovative PEO/PEG@CI/MF-PDMS (PPCMP) PCMs with different concentrations of CI were successfully fabricated. The PPCMP composite PCMs possess high quality retention (94.39–97.45 %) when heated at 80 °C and flexibility when heated or light irradiated, indicating their excellent anti-leakage performance and heat-induced flexibility. And the incorporation of CI-derived melanin has endowed PPCMP composite PCMs with remarkable photothermal conversion efficiencies (83.26–93.67 %) due to its wide light absorption. More importantly, the optimized PPCMP composite exhibits a satisfactory melting enthalpy (&gt;160 J/g) and high enthalpy efficiency (&gt;80 %). Moreover, PDMS coating imparts the composites with outstanding hydrophobicity (WCA&gt;100°), and PPCMP demonstrates thermal stability below 100 °C and reliability after multiple cycles. Based on the above merits, this work offers a prospective strategy for constructing shape-stabilized and flexible PCMs with excellent photothermal conversion and energy storage performance for practical applications in personal thermal management and flexible electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 112539"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical fibers-based breathable lead-free X-ray shielding fabrics via fractional-energy cyclic collisional attenuation","authors":"Shasha Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Leqian Wei ,&nbsp;Zeyu Wang ,&nbsp;Fujun Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Jifu Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing prevalence of medical X-rays has heightened the health risks associated with radiation exposure for both healthcare professionals and patients. However, existing lead-shielding products exhibit low shielding efficiency in the energy range of 20∼100 keV with large mass, high stiffness, airtight, low flexibility and potential toxicity, severely limiting their applications in wearable scenarios. In this work, a strategy of fractional-energy cyclic collisional attenuation of X-rays was proposed and achieved by design of hierarchically porous core-shell fibers with a shell of BaSO₄ (low-Z elements) and a core with high-Z elements (Bi₂O₃/WC). The multilayer woven lead-free fabric offers high X-ray absorption (81.6 %∼99.3 %) over the entire range of 20∼100 keV, excellent air permeability (&gt;340 mm s⁻¹), high stretch (&gt;500 %), ultra-low density (0.85 g cm⁻³), and good waterproof and thermal-conducting properties. The development of this pliable and user-friendly lead-free composite material opens new avenues for engineering advanced wearable systems with enhanced radiation protection capabilities and reduced weight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 112544"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing the mechanical performance of chemically complex alloys through strategically engineered bamboo-inspired multi-stage heterostructures","authors":"Zhenlu Cui ,&nbsp;Dekun Si ,&nbsp;Jilei Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingwei Gao ,&nbsp;Jianhong Gong ,&nbsp;Xiqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Kaikai Song ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Han ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongkun Mu ,&nbsp;Yandong Jia ,&nbsp;Daniel Şopu ,&nbsp;Zequn Zhang ,&nbsp;Parthiban Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Jichao Qiao ,&nbsp;Weidong Song ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Laichang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jürgen Eckert","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Innovative design in heterostructure materials has emerged as a pivotal strategy to address the strength-ductility trade-off in metals and alloys. Inspired by the hierarchical structures found in bamboo, this study engineered a bamboo-like heterogeneous microstructure in a (FeCoNi)₈₆Al₇Ti₇ chemically complex alloy (CCA) through a multi-step thermomechanical processing route. The bio-inspired triple heterostructures, featuring hierarchical grain sizes and multiscale, multi-morphology precipitates, significantly enhance the balance between strength and ductility, achieving nearly 2 GPa ultra-high tensile strength while maintaining good uniform plastic deformation. During deformation, L1₂ nanoprecipitates contribute to precipitation strengthening through the shear mechanism, while L2₁ submicron precipitates within the grains do so via the Orowan looping mechanism. L2₁ precipitates at the grain boundaries (GBs) act as reinforcement phases in the composite material. The bamboo-like heterostructure also alters dislocation accumulation by constraining deformation between coarse and ultrafine grains, influenced by the surrounding ultrafine grains and the diverse behaviors of precipitates. This pronounced back-stress strengthening across the matrix significantly enhances the strain-hardening capacity, thereby ensuring uniform plastic deformation. Overall, this novel approach demonstrates superior mechanical properties and offers a promising strategy for overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off in advanced alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 112547"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal protection mechanism of UHTCs-modified C/C composites in high temperature gas scouring coupling environments","authors":"Menglin Zhang ,&nbsp;Dou Hu ,&nbsp;Qiangang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Examining the coupling analysis between environment and material system is prerequisite for advancing the reliability design of thermal protection system components in aerospace applications. To elucidate the resistance of C/C composites to high-temperature gas-flow erosion, C/C–MeC–SiC composites (Me: Hf, Zr, Ti, Ta, Nb, W) were prepared by reactive melt infiltration. The thermal loading characteristics of DC plasma torch (Ar–O₂ atmosphere, 2500 °C) were simulated by finite element analysis, as well as the ablation resistance was analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The ablation-resistant behaviors of carbon-based composites were investigated by theoretical calculations and experimental verification. The results show that the higher temperature resistance of HfC (0.69 μm/s), ZrC (−1.58 μm/s) and their oxidation products become the primary mechanism for the skeletal support of the oxide layer. The high fluidity of TiO₂ rapidly forms an oxide layer but also exacerbates the volatilization of gaseous by-products (TiC, 3.02 μm/s). Due to the volatility of WO₃, WC is limited to short-term ablation resistance (−2.11 μm/s). The oxidation products of NbC and TaC are directional and are expected to rapidly fill the porous structure under thermal shock. Coupled fluid-thermal-structural simulations elucidate the heat flux density, temperature, and stress distributions of different systems of composites under heterogeneous ablation, consistent with the post-ablation morphological trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 112550"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}