Composites Part B: Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic effects of nanosecond pulse laser and atmospheric plasma treatments on enhancing the interface fatigue performance of PA11-CFRP in type IV hydrogen storage tanks","authors":"Lele Cheng ,&nbsp;Liangliang Qi ,&nbsp;Qinan Li ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Mei ,&nbsp;Keqing Wang ,&nbsp;Ruize Gao ,&nbsp;Jie Xiao ,&nbsp;Muhuo Yu ,&nbsp;Zeyu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of Type IV high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks faces persistent technical challenges, particularly in preventing the structural degradation of polymer liners. During operational cycles, repeated hydrogen filling and degassing processes impose severe interfacial fatigue on the bond between the thermoplastic liner and the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite overwrap. Improving adhesion integrity at the PA11-CFRP interface is critical for mitigating the risks associated with liner rupture. To address this challenge, a synergistic surface modification strategy for PA11 liners combining laser texturing with plasma activation was implemented. The interfacial fatigue performance was quantitatively evaluated via flatwise tensile (FWT) testing, incorporating S–N curve analysis and progressive stiffness degradation metrics. Notably, the laser-plasma co-treatment significantly improved the interfacial fatigue resistance of PA11-CFRP compared to untreated controls or individually modified surfaces, such as laser-only or plasma-only treatments. The underlying mechanism governing interface bonding durability was explored through multiscale characterization, including microstructural evolution at the PA11-CFRP interface, surface topography and roughness parameters, thermodynamic surface energy components, and chemical functionalities of activated interfacial groups. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for analyzing interface fatigue failures in large-scale applications of Type IV hydrogen storage tanks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112809"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced hollow ball-cactus-like soft-magnetic LDH@MXeneHT nanohybrid materials towards highly efficient electromagnetic protection","authors":"Yaqiang Duan ,&nbsp;Weijun Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuchen Gu ,&nbsp;Pengwu Xu ,&nbsp;Deyu Niu ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Huang ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Song ,&nbsp;Debora Puglia ,&nbsp;Piming Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the comprehensive electromagnetic protection and meet the aerospace demands, designing the microstructure of functional nanomaterials is an effective strategy. Inspired by the special structure of the ball-cactus, in this work, soft-magnetic nanohybrid materials are realized for highly efficient electromagnetic protection. Layered double FeNi₃ hydroxide (LDH) is in-situ nucleated and grown on the surface of MXene via synchronous electrostatic self-assembling, leading to an intermediate product - LDH@MXene - with a hydrangea microstructure (diameter ∼5 μm). LDH@MXene is subsequently annealed at 500 °C to obtain a hollow ball-cactus-like LDH@MXene_HT500 nanohybrid, by transforming the lamellar “petals” of the hydrangea structure into burr-like structures. LDH@MXene_HT500 has soft-magnetic characteristics, facilitating the transport of induced charges and the consumption of electromagnetic energy. Therefore, LDH@MXene_HT500 nanohybrid exhibits excellent comprehensive electromagnetic protection capabilities, such as high reflection loss (RL_min = −76.1 dB) in a wide absorption bandwidth (EAB = 6.12 GHz), and high electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE = 47.2 dB in X band). To broaden its application, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/LDH@MXene_HT500 nanocomposites are further prepared that exhibit improved mechanical strength (9.48 MPa) and highly efficient electromagnetic protection performances (RL_min = −65.11 dB and EAB = 7.64 GHz, EMI SE &gt; 50 dB in 3–18 GHz). Therefore, both the LDH@MXene_HT500 nanohybrid materials and PDMS/LDH@MXene_HT500 nanocomposites show great potential in electromagnetic protection applications, such as in the area of aerospace and satellite communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112807"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring MoP/Rh2P-embedded BNFS-doped carbon nanofibers for supercapacitors via DFT-guided electronic and ion adsorption engineering","authors":"Balaji Murugesan ,&nbsp;Dhilip kumar Chinnalagu ,&nbsp;Nirosha Subramanian ,&nbsp;Alexpandi Rajaiah ,&nbsp;Yuhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayuan Xiang ,&nbsp;Sundrarajan Mahalingam ,&nbsp;Yurong Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing electrochemical performance through synergistic redox activity and improved electronic conductivity is crucial for high-efficiency supercapacitors. To achieve this, a dual metal phosphide-integrated, heteroatom-doped carbon nanofiber composite (MoP/Rh₂P@BNFS–CNF) was synthesized via electrospinning followed by in situ phosphidation. The integration of B, N, F and S heteroatoms using ionic liquids, combined with embedded MoP and Rh₂P nanoparticles, resulted in a highly porous and conductive nanostructure with an average fiber diameter of 362 nm and nanoparticle sizes ranging from 10 to 20 nm. Structural and surface analyses confirmed uniform heteroatom doping and successful phosphide formation. The optimized composite exhibited a high surface area (1050.11 m² g⁻¹), superior wettability (contact angle: 3.79^o), and exceptional electrochemical performance, delivering specific capacitance of 937.5 F g⁻¹ (CV) and 548 C g⁻¹ (GCD) at 1 A g⁻¹. It also demonstrated excellent rate capability, 97.1 % capacitance retention over 5000 cycles, and the lowest R_s (0.86 Ω) and R_ct (1.01 Ω) among the tested electrodes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed its metallic nature with no bandgap, high electronic density near the Fermi level, and strong K⁺ adsorption (62 sites), validating the composite's excellent conductivity and electrochemical stability. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor device (ASD) achieved a wide voltage window (0–1.8 V), a high energy density of 27.5 Wh kg⁻¹, a power density of 9000 W kg⁻¹, and 97.3 % capacitance retention over 10,000 cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of MoP/Rh₂P@BNFS–CNF as a next-generation electrode for high-performance energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112811"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-tubular origami metamaterials with independently programmable and tunable mechanical and acoustic properties","authors":"Mengyue Li ,&nbsp;Jiayao Ma ,&nbsp;Xiao-Lei Tang ,&nbsp;Yan-Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advance in mechanical metamaterials, recent research is emerging on the multifunctional ones, as they can provide versatile cross-domain properties for complicated engineering applications, such as energy and sound absorption, vibration isolation, and noise attenuation. However, in most cases, the multiple properties of existing metamaterials cannot be programmed independently, not to mention to be tuned post-fabrication. In this study, we propose a family of double-tubular origami metamaterials which exhibit unique rigid origami folding kinematics and geometric transposition in two orthogonal directions. By correlating the design parameters and initial folding states with the mechanical and acoustic responses, we show that these two properties can be independently programmed, i.e., varying one property in a large range while maintaining the other one nearly unchanged, thus decoupling traditionally interdependent behaviors. Specifically, the frequency range of the complete bandgap can change by up to 10.4 times while the stiffness remains constant; conversely, the stiffness can change by up to 16.9 times without altering the complete bandgap. Furthermore, prototypes fabricated from thermoplastic polymers demonstrate on-site tunability via thermomechanical reconfiguration, achieving directional performance swapping through geometric transposition. The integration of independent programmability and tunability positions these origami metamaterials as promising candidates for systems requiring both energy and sound absorption, or on-site reconfigurable systems for various application scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112804"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly stretchable liquid metal/poly(urethane-urea) composite with self-healing ability for electromagnetic interference shielding","authors":"Rui-Yu Ma ,&nbsp;Shuang-Qin Yi ,&nbsp;Zhi-Xing Wang ,&nbsp;Yong-fan Lin ,&nbsp;Run-Pan Nie ,&nbsp;Ding-Xiang Yan ,&nbsp;Li-Chuan Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stretchable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with self-healing ability are in high demand to guarantee the service reliability in the next-generation flexible electronic devices. However, it still remains challenging to yield highly stretchable EMI shielding materials with self-healing ability at room temperature. Herein, room-temperature self-healing poly(urethane-urea) (PUU) is first synthesized by designing disulfide and ammonium ester bonds, and then soft liquid metal (LM) is used as a conductive filler to yield highly stretchable LM/PUU composites with room-temperature self-healing ability. The LM/PUU composite with 40 vol% LM exhibits a high EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 34.1 dB at a tiny thickness of 0.3 mm, and the EMI SE increases slightly to 36.3 dB even at 100 % strain, indicating excellent stretching stability. The self-healing efficiency is as high as 94.2 % for the LM/PUU composites after being treated at room temperature for 10 min. It is also demonstrated that the LM/PUU composites possess good thermal conductivity and Joule heating performance. This study proposes a new approach to developing highly stretchable EMI shielding materials with self-healing ability for advanced EMI shielding applications in the area of flexible and durable electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112808"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical ZrB2@SiCnw nanocomposite aerogel via 0D/1D/3D dimensionality expansion strategy: Towards full X-band microwave absorption at high temperature","authors":"Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Fanqi Meng ,&nbsp;Yan Gao ,&nbsp;Zhuqing Jin ,&nbsp;Zhaochen Li ,&nbsp;Zhi Song ,&nbsp;Zixin Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Hou ,&nbsp;Lixi Wang ,&nbsp;Qitu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The enhancement of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption at elevated temperatures constitutes a pivotal research frontier in EMW absorbing materials (EMAMs). SiC nanowire (SiC_nw) with superior thermal stability could be acted as ideal candidate to meet the challenge. However, the relatively weak and singular dielectric loss mechanism significantly limits its further applications. Herein, a 0D/1D/3D dimensionality expansion strategy was proposed to boost the EM attenuation performance. The highly conductive and oxidation resistant 0D ZrB₂ nanoparticles were decorated onto the 1D SiC nanowire to promote high temperature EM absorption capacity, followed by the synthesis of porous 3D ZrB₂@SiC_nw nanocomposite aerogel via freeze casting. The multiscale nano-architectonic aerogel possesses multiple EM attenuation mechanisms including interface polarization, conductive loss and multiple reflection. As a result, the aerogel achieves full X-band absorption from 298 K to 873 K, with the minimal reflection loss (RL_min) improved from −22.4 dB (5.8 mm) at 298 K to −61.9 dB at 873 K (3.6 mm). Moreover, the thickness tolerance (Δd) of full X-band absorption is also as wide as 0.7 mm (3.9–4.6 mm) at 873 K, which benefits the dimensional adaptability across varying service temperatures. Furthermore, the synergistic combination of ultralow density (0.107 g/cm³), thermal insulation (κ = 0.1687 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) and oxidation resistance establish ZrB₂@SiC_nw nanocomposite aerogel as a practical EMAM served in high temperature and harsh environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112806"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromechanical modeling of the piezoelectric behavior of CNT cement-matrix composites","authors":"Rosa Penna,&nbsp;Gerarda Landi,&nbsp;Giuseppe Lovisi,&nbsp;Annavirginia Lambiase,&nbsp;Luciano Feo","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a micromechanical model specifically formulated to capture the complex piezoelectric behavior of cement-based composites reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The proposed model simultaneously accounts for both dominant conduction mechanisms - conductive network formation and electron hopping - providing a more realistic and robust prediction of the overall electrical conductivity. The model explicitly integrates the effects of nanotube geometry, waviness (considering the intrinsic three-dimensional nature of the carbon nanotubes, CNTs), tunneling potential barrier height and the often-overlooked phenomena of nanotube agglomeration and segregation, which significantly influence the connectivity and performance of the conductive network. A key innovation of this work lies in the development of a novel quantum-mechanical approach to estimate the thickness of the inter-nanotube matrix region, by rigorously incorporating the physics of electrical tunneling. Furthermore, the model is extended to predict the piezoresistive response of the composite over a wide range of MWCNT concentrations, offering valuable insights for smart-sensing and structural health monitoring applications. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated through extensive comparison with experimental data from the literature, covering cement paste, mortar and concrete. Finally, a detailed sensitivity analysis highlights the most critical parameters controlling the electrical behavior of CNT-reinforced cementitious materials, providing practical guidelines for optimizing composite design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112810"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel in-line plasma compounding of flax fibre-reinforced PA6 composites","authors":"Maximilian Pitto,&nbsp;Nam Kyeun Kim,&nbsp;Jesna Ashraf,&nbsp;Simon Bickerton,&nbsp;Tom Allen,&nbsp;Charles Williams,&nbsp;Haoyo Pang,&nbsp;Casparus Johannes Reinhard Verbeek","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasma surface treatment of flax (linum usitatissimum) reinforcement has been shown to enhance performance of polymeric composites. However, natural fibre plasma treatment processing methodology has been limited to batch processing, which inherently faces scalability issues. To introduce alternatives to plasma batch modification, three continuous treatments were integrated into established short fibre composite processing steps to enhance flax fibre (FF)-reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) performance: atmospheric pressure plasma treating the (i) fibre yarn, (ii) matrix, and (iii) both in a novel reactive compounding process. Flax degradation was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and infrared thermography. The tensile, flexural, and rheological properties of the short fibre-reinforced composites were evaluated. Continuous surface treatment of the flax yarn did not degrade the monofilament tensile strength. Visual inspection and thermogravimetric analysis show that the treatment removed smooth and loose surface features that comprised a thin film of residual waxes and oils. This led to a cohesive composite failure. Composites produced with plasma surface treated FF had the topmost tensile and flexural strength enhancement of 28.1 and 31.7%, respectively, compared to untreated composites. Reactive compounding of FF and PA6 during melt-blending was also effective, yielding a tensile and flexural strength enhancement of 15.3 and 33.5%, respectively. The presented work introduces two viable composite processes. The topmost performance is attained by pretreating the continuous FF yarn because wax is efficiently removed from the monofilament surface, facilitating bonding between the matrix and the bare surface. However, reactive compounding offers a promising method that minimises process steps while sufficiently enhancing composite properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112753"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance cellulose-based engineering materials derived from coconut shell","authors":"Jinzhou Huang ,&nbsp;Zhibo Yang ,&nbsp;Jianmin Xue ,&nbsp;Kai Tang ,&nbsp;Yufang Zhu ,&nbsp;Chengtie Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose-based materials are gaining attention as sustainable alternatives to petroleum derivatives due to their minimal environmental impact and carbon emission. However, inherent limitations of cellulose-based materials, such as soft, irregular shape and inflammable, have hindered their broader application in engineering fields. Herein, we presented an “extraction-strengthening-reassembly” strategy to develop renewable and high-performance cellulose/zirconia (Zr@CSU) composite bulk materials through in-suit growth ZrO₂ strengthening phase on the capsule-shaped cellulose units extracted from discarded coconut shell. The reassembled Zr@CSU bulks not only showed the similar microstructure of natural coconut shells, but also possessed enhanced mechanical properties due to the strengthening of microcrystal interfaces between building units. Zr@CSU bulks had flexural strength of 101.86 MPa, modulus of 14.15 GPa and fracture toughness of 1.48 MPa m^1/2. In addition, the zirconia reinforced components enable Zr@CSU with lower peak values of heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR), showing superior flame resistance. Furthermore, scalable Zr@CSU bulks with various sizes could be easily assembled and showed good processability. This sustainable approach provides a pathway for reducing biomass residues and carbon emissions, and creating high-value engineering materials from renewable resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112785"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatable repairability and localised toughening of glass fibre/epoxy laminates using thermoplastic polyethylene oxide nanofibre mats and films","authors":"Rongmin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xianming Hu ,&nbsp;Qi Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Feng ,&nbsp;Miao Miao ,&nbsp;Musu Ren ,&nbsp;Jinliang Sun ,&nbsp;Yunfu Ou ,&nbsp;Yinping Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibre-reinforced epoxy laminates often exhibit weak out-of-plane properties, making them susceptible to delamination, while traditional thermoset epoxy resins, being highly cross-linked, cannot re-bond cracks. Thermoplastic interleaving is promising for both interlaminar fracture toughening and composite repairing. In this study, polyethylene oxide (PEO) was selected due to its excellent compatibility with epoxy and low melting temperature (70 °C). Glass fibre reinforced composites (GFRP) interleaved with PEO electrospun nanofibre mats (GFRP/PEO-M) and hot-pressed film (GFRP/PEO-F) were fabricated. The effect of PEO morphologies and loadings on the interlaminar fracture toughness and repairing efficiencies under Mode I loadings was investigated and analysed on the basis of their fractography and from a fracture mechanism perspective. GFRP/PEO-M exhibited much better toughening performance, perhaps primarily due to the formation of semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs) of epoxy and PEO after curing. In this system, PEO chains locally toughened the epoxy network at the molecular level through shear yielding upon loading. In contrast, the major toughening mechanism in GFRP/PEO-F was the crack-bridging effect, with substantial plastic deformation occurring between the layers. Additionally, with only 2.04 wt% (270-μm-thick) PEO film incorporated in the interlayer region, a notable repairing efficiency of 47.8 % was achieved, and the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (<em>G</em>_<em>IC</em>) after 10 repair cycles was 41 % higher than the <em>G</em>_<em>IC</em> of the reference sample without interleaf. This study successfully demonstrates a significant improvement in the interlaminar fracture toughness of GFRP with favourable repeatable repairability functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 112803"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}