Composites Part B: Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Multifunctional polypyrrole-based flexible composite materials for next-generation smart Material: Integrated piezoresistive sensing, energy storage, electrothermal heating, and UV protection","authors":"Xinyu Jiao ,&nbsp;Yuanjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous advancement of IoT and AI technologies, smart textiles are widely used in healthcare, sports, and defense. In particular, the aging society has significantly increased the demand for intelligent wheelchairs. However, traditional wheelchair cushions with single functions can no longer meet the modern need for intelligence. To address this, this study uses in situ polymerization to combine the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPY) with pre-oxidized PAN fiber felt (PPFF) to create a multifunctional flexible composite material (PPY/PPFF) with excellent aging resistance. The material has a low resistivity of 24.55 kΩ·cm, high sensitivity (S₁ = 14.90 kPa⁻¹), and good linear response across different pressure ranges (R² &gt; 0.97). It shows excellent electrochemical performance, with a CV curve exhibiting a closed-leaf shape and specific capacitance of 0.814 F·g⁻¹ (at a scan rate of 10 mV·s⁻¹). The material also exhibits excellent electrothermal performance, reaching temperatures of 54.38 °C at 6 V and 90.85 °C at 9 V. In terms of UV protection, it has a UPF value of 328. Furthermore, its hydrophilicity is good, with water droplets being absorbed within 0.1 s, and this only slightly increases to 0.2 s after aging. In conclusion, the PPY/PPFF composite integrates multiple smart functions and maintains stable performance even after aging, providing reliable technical support and material assurance for smart textile applications in fields such as healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 112726"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of the thermal expansion of carbon fibres in CFRP at low temperatures using X-ray diffraction","authors":"Jiraphant Srisuriyachot ,&nbsp;Wadwan Singhapong ,&nbsp;Paloma Rodriguez Santana ,&nbsp;Carl M. Sangan ,&nbsp;Chris Bowen ,&nbsp;Igor P. Dolbnya ,&nbsp;Richard Butler ,&nbsp;Alexander J.G. Lunt","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first demonstration of the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) to quantify the radial or transverse deformation in Hexcel IM7 PolyAcryloNitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibres at temperatures as low as 200<!--> <!-->K (-70<!--> <!-->°C). The Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) is a critical design parameter that needs to be precisely quantified for the next generation of carbon fibre-based Liquid Hydrogen (<span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>LH</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) storage tanks for net-zero aviation. This variable quantitatively describes the thermal mismatch between the fibre and the resin that is the driver for microcracking and tank leakage. However, quantification of the CTE of the fibres is experimentally challenging. The results provide unique insights, indicating that the microscopic transverse CTE of the fibre (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>22</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) is equal to 26.2 × 10^-6 <!-->K^-1 and is governed by van der Waals forces, similar to those in the basal c-axis (out-of-plane) direction of graphite and the radial direction of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Taking into account the microcrack-induced relaxation effect reported in polycrystalline graphite, the macroscopic fibre transverse CTE was determined to be 7.86 × 10^-6 <!-->K^-1. XRD data were also collected on Hexcel IM7/8552 Uni-directional (UD) and Quasi-isotropic (QI) composite laminates to investigate the influence of the interaction of the resin matrix with the fibre lattice and the stacking sequence on the development of thermal fibre lattice strain. In the UD laminate, the presence of resin induces an additional transverse strain in the fibres as a result of resin contraction during cooling, leading to the development of a compressive strain in the fibre direction. This behaviour was found to be in good agreement with numerical simulations, with a 13<!--> <!-->% error at the lowest measured temperature. In contrast, the fibres in the QI configuration were reinforced in the transverse direction, effectively mitigating the influence of resin contraction. These CTE values, insights, and resulting models are essential for multi-scale modelling, design and certification of carbon fibre composite <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>LH</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> tanks that are required to achieve net-zero aviation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 112697"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the molecular-micellar-colloidal structure of asphalt: From interactions to structural formation","authors":"Shuang Liu,&nbsp;Liyan Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After nearly a century of research, the colloidal structure and homogeneous solution hypotheses of asphalt remain controversial. This study integrates wide-angle/small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS/SAXS), quantum chemistry (QC), and molecular dynamics (MD) to confirm the existence of asphaltenes aggregates, micelles and colloids in asphalt systems, systematically revealing the formation mechanism of asphalt multilevel structures. The results show that in molecular stacking, π-π interactions dominate parallel dislocation stacking when the aromatic part is large and the branched chains are short, whereas electrostatic interactions dominate parallel dislocation or T-stacking when the aromatic part is smaller. The steric hindrance of large naphthenic rings or adjacent long chains induces angular stacking. During micelle and colloid formation, to balance intra- and inter-phase interactions, asphaltenes form parallel stacks of 6∼8 layers, which crosslink with aromatic maltenes into long, narrow rod-like micelles. These micelles further disperse and crosslink into three-dimensional (3D) network colloids. Higher asphaltene content leads to long rod-like micelles and connected 3D networks, whereas higher saturates content results in large saturates regions, short micelles and localized 3D networks. The connected network enhances deformation resistance and viscosity at low shear rates, whereas strong intermolecular interactions improve resistance to molecular motion and viscosity at intermediate to high shear rates. These findings provide multiscale insights into asphalt structure and a foundation for high-performance material design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 112718"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanonet encapsulating magnetic nanoparticles with double active layers and high structural stability on carbon fiber for composite interface enhancement and electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Jinchuan Chen ,&nbsp;Jiahao Sun ,&nbsp;Huajie Xu ,&nbsp;Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Yujing Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming Huang ,&nbsp;Chuntai Liu ,&nbsp;Changyu Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural stability of carbon fiber (CF) surface modification is vital for carbon fiber reinforcement polymer composites with harsh processing environments. To achieve it, CF anchored with magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is designed to be encapsulated with an in-situ synthesized MoS₂@CNT-COOH nanonet (MCN). This encapsulation effectively prevents the shedding of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles during composite processing and guarantee the interface and property stability of the composite. Additionally, this hierarchical structure comprises respective active oxidation layers and significantly boosts the interfacial compatibility and stress transfer between CF and Polyamide 6 (PA6) resin. Consequently, the tensile strength of MCN@Fe₃O₄-CF/PA6 composites is enhanced by 23.9 % compared to those of untreated-CF/PA6 composites. The synergistic effect of the high MCN dielectric loss in the outer layer and the stable Fe₃O₄ magnetic loss layer in the inner layer improves the composite electromagnetic wave (EMW) impedance matching and attenuation ability. The results present a minimum reflection loss value of −65.3 dB at a thinner thickness of 1.6 mm and maximum effective absorption bandwidth reaches 6.76 GHz at a thickness of 1.8 mm. The composite radar cross-section values are less than −10 dBm² at all tested detection angles. This CF surface modification method offers a novel and effective approach to manufacture high performance CF composite EMW absorbers with great stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 112731"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact efficacy of sandwich structures with additively manufactured skins and elastomeric foam cores","authors":"Sean Eckstein ,&nbsp;George Youssef","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sandwich structures are ubiquitous in various applications due to their superior specific properties, attracting assiduous research under a broad range of loading conditions. Introducing additive manufacturing (3D printing) of composite skins and considering novel elastomeric core materials necessitate exploring the process-property interrelationship with emphasis on impact loading. Therefore, this research study aims to elucidate the impact efficacy of additively manufactured sandwich structures, hinging on 3D-printed skins using continuous carbon fiber polymer matrix composites. The 3D-printed skins are adhered to polyurea foam cores with superior impact efficacy and remarkable recoverability. One sample set was subjected to low-velocity impacts using an instrumented drop tower at 4.43 m/s, and another separate set was submitted to moderate-velocity impacts using a small-scale shock tube at 15 m/s. All mechanical testing was accompanied by high-speed digital image correlation (DIC) to elucidate the full field kinematic variables. The specimens were impacted under several testing parameters, including the size of the hemispherical impactor, sample configuration, mounting plate configuration, and impact velocity, to probe their dynamic behavior. The impact and deformation characteristics, including force-time, axial strain-time, and dynamic and permanent back-surface displacement signatures, were deduced from a high-fidelity force sensor, high-speed and high-resolution DIC, and a laser displacement sensor, respectively, and thoroughly analyzed to understand the efficacy of the newly designed sandwich structures. Reconstructive optical microscopy revealed the damage and failure that the structures endured. Across all sample configurations and testing parameters, the structures yielded an energy absorption of &gt;91 % of the input impact energy, exemplifying impact mitigation capabilities ideal for protective sports gear and structural components in aerospace, automotive, and defense applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 112728"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric topology–driven purely resistive electrodes in hexagonally close-packed urchin-like hollow carbon sphere monolayers for flexible electronics","authors":"Tianyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Sai Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Chen ,&nbsp;Lan Shi ,&nbsp;Limin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Periodic array–structured carbon materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their broad applications in heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage, photonics and sensors. However, they are typically assembled into multi-layer stacks that introduce complex internal interfaces, leading to carrier scattering and charge accumulation, thereby reducing electrical performance. Furthermore, structural changes under external force limit the applicability of multi-layer materials in flexible electronics. Herein, to effectively address these issues, a carbon microsphere film with geometric-topological design is introduced. A monolayer colloidal microsphere template is first prepared by the self-assembly technique, and the subsequent in situ growth yields an urchin-like hollow carbon sphere array film. It exhibits a stable 0° phase angle over a wide frequency range (1 Hz–0.1 MHz) and demonstrates excellent linearity and symmetry in current–voltage behaviour, with no hysteresis of the electrical signal. It exhibits pure resistance behaviour and precision with variations of &lt;0.025 %. When made into a flexible pressure sensor, the sensor achieves a sensitivity of ≤408 kPa⁻¹ and an ultrafast response time of 0.8 ms. In addition, it can enable individuals with limited experience to perform precise manual operations such as vein injection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 112730"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new equivalent crack length technique for mode I fracture of adhesively bonded joints","authors":"Ali Shivaie Kojouri ,&nbsp;Javane Karami ,&nbsp;Jialiang Fan ,&nbsp;Akash Sharma ,&nbsp;Anastasios P. Vassilopoulos ,&nbsp;Veronique Michaud ,&nbsp;Wim Van Paepegem ,&nbsp;Danny Van Hemelrijck ,&nbsp;Kalliopi-Artemi Kalteremidou","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current investigation introduces the concepts of the equivalent crack length approach for thin and thick adhesive joints. Its applicability is assessed for adhesively bonded composite and steel joints with a bondline thickness ranging from 0.4 mm to 10 mm. To achieve this objective, the equivalent crack length method is formulated utilizing a beam on elastic foundation model. A series of experiments were performed utilizing various loading rates and geometries, and the energy release rate of the thick adhesive joints was determined through beam on elastic foundation model using the crack length values obtained both experimentally and through the equivalent crack length technique. In general, the energy release rate calculated using the equivalent crack length approach and crack length measured experimentally yield comparable results for all tested specimens. For side-grooved specimens with steady crack propagation, the average calculation error of the energy release rate obtained from the experimentally measured crack length experimentally and the equivalent crack length approach is less than seven and six percent for low and high loading rates, respectively. The proposed equivalent crack length method facilitates the experimental fracture characterization of adhesive joints since it eliminates the need for tedious crack length measurements during the test.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 112733"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastomer-modified perfluorocyclobutyl polymer/SiO2 composites for corrosion-resistant coatings","authors":"Mark Rigel R. Ali,&nbsp;Reymark D. Maalihan,&nbsp;Eugene B. Caldona","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the development of elastomer-modified perfluorocyclobutyl (<em>E</em>-PFCB) thermosetting polymer composites containing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-modified silica as nanofiller and exhibiting enhanced corrosion protection. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results revealed that the incorporation of silica significantly improved the composites' corrosion resistance, with an impedance modulus (|Z|_0.1 Hz) for the PFCB/silica composite containing 5 % silica remaining above 10⁶ Ω cm² even over 30 d of immersion in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. This demonstrates the composite's superior ability to resist water uptake and electrolyte penetration. Potentiodynamic polarization scans showed a notable shift in corrosion potential from −700.2 mV for the unfilled <em>E</em>-PFCB to −101.1 mV for the 5 % silica composite, indicating lowered tendency for corrosion. Mechanical testing further confirmed the improvements in the composites' properties, with hardness values increasing as silica loading increased. The 5 % silica composite showed the highest hardness, reflecting the enhanced durability imparted by the silica particles. Thermomechanical analysis revealed a shift in the glass transition temperature from 308 °C for the unfilled <em>E</em>-PFCB to 330 °C upon the addition of 5 % silica. In addition, water contact angle measurements confirmed the hydrophobic nature of the composites, with contact angles consistently above 90°, further limiting water interaction and corrosion risk. Hence, the use of PDMS-modified silica as a nanofiller in crosslinked <em>E</em>-PFCB composites significantly enhances both corrosion resistance and thermomechanical properties, making these composites suitable for applications in harsh environments. These findings open up opportunities for the development of new and advanced protective coatings for many practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 112727"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of axial load on torsional fatigue of 3D braided carbon fiber composites: Mechanisms and life prediction","authors":"Jikang Li ,&nbsp;Zheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanwen Liu ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites are gradually replacing traditional materials in transmission components. This study experimentally investigates the influence of axial loads on torsional fatigue damage evolution and lifetime by integrating three dimensional digital image correlation, acoustic emission monitoring, and micro-computed tomography analysis. A fatigue life prediction model incorporating axial load effects is subsequently established. Results indicate that axial loads significantly modify the torsional fatigue behavior of 3D braided composites by redistributing local strain and altering damage progression. Under 0 MPa axial load, the material exhibited a fatigue life of 2787 cycles. Compressive axial loading (−40 MPa) reduced torsional fatigue life by 47 % compared to the no-axial-load condition, accelerating stiffness deterioration. In contrast, tensile axial loading (40 MPa) extended the fatigue life to 5007 cycles by suppressing interface debonding propagation. DIC analysis revealed that compressive loading induced a three-stage strain accumulation in resin-rich regions. Tensile loading maintained strain field stability through stress redistribution. Combined AE and Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that compressive loading increased the matrix cracking proportion to 84 %, expanded post-failure crack volume by 38 %, and formed spiral divergent damage zones. Tensile loading constrained the damage zone width to 7.6 mm and reduced the interface debonding energy proportion. Finally, a multiaxial fatigue life prediction model accounting for mean stress effects induced by axial loads was developed based on microscopic damage mechanisms. The model successfully addresses combined axial-torsional loading effects in 3D braided composites. Experimental validation confirmed that all predicted results fell within the two-fold scatter band.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 112732"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling wind turbine blade to fabricate 3D framework for ultra-robust composite with enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding","authors":"Dawei Luo ,&nbsp;Fujie Wang ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Yixuan Cao ,&nbsp;Shuangqiao Yang ,&nbsp;Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites with both thermal response, management functions and antibacterial properties are highly desirable for use in fields such as rail transit, and construction engineering. In this study, fine recycled wind turbine blades powder, obtained from a facile yet effective solid-state shearing milling (S³M) equipment, was deposited with Ag nanoparticles using polydopamine (PDA) as an intermediate layer via electroless plating. Comprehensive analyses confirm the synthesis of silver-plated powder (referred to as WPA). Subsequently, epoxy and WPA mixture coating was developed to encapsulate glass fiber fabric (GFF) via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. In this sandwich-like structure, GFF not only reinforces the composite but also serves as a filler barrier, enabling uniform filler distribution on its surface and forming a dense conductive network. Meanwhile, WPA enhance its interfacial interactions with epoxy resin through a mechanical interlocking structure, forming a robust framework that enables efficient stress transfer. GFF-reinforced EP/WPA laminate, with 3 GFF layers, achieves a tensile strength of ∼166.7 MPa and a tunable EMI shielding effectiveness of 48.2–68.6 dB depending on the number of GFF layers. Additionally, the laminate exhibits versatile usability, such as outstanding thermal management capability, performance stability, and good antibacterial performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 112734"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}