Siyuan Chen , Tanveer Talokder , Yusuf Mahadik , Adam Thompson , Stephen Hallett , Jonathan Belnoue
{"title":"Preform variability propagation in non-crimp fabric (NCF) forming","authors":"Siyuan Chen , Tanveer Talokder , Yusuf Mahadik , Adam Thompson , Stephen Hallett , Jonathan Belnoue","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eliminating wrinkles generated during the manufacturing of structures made from composite materials is challenging due to large material and process variabilities. In this work, an effort is made to quantify the wrinkling variability when forming dry non-crimp fabric (NCF) and to correlate this with measured material (and process) variabilities. A forming cell instrumented with a multi-camera 3D digital image correlation (DIC) system was built to enable precise reconstruction of the morphology of the formed 3D preforms and any wrinkles that occur. Quantification of wrinkles and their variability was conducted and their (lack of) correlation with the NCF material's macro-scale shear and bending behaviour was analysed. Meso-scale material and process variabilities were also measured and quantified. This was followed by a sensitivity analysis on their effect on wrinkling variability and highlighted the prime importance of tow-orientation and fabric pre-shear. This work deepens the understanding of NCF wrinkling behaviour and open the door to the development of more accurate modelling tools and digital twin systems that can help robustly eliminate wrinkles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 112418"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A step toward digital twin accuracy in composite manufacturing: Pioneering contour method in polymer composites","authors":"Praveen K.R. , Fabien Lefebvre , Foroogh Hosseinzadeh , John Bouchard , Damien Guillon","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital twinning is revolutionizing composite manufacturing by optimizing product design and enhancing structural integrity through total stress assessment. However, accurately validating residual stress in numerical simulations remains a significant challenge. The present research pioneers the application of the contour method to non-conductive polymer composite materials using diamond wire cutting, breaking away from its traditional use on conductive materials. It establishes a robust experimental framework for assessing and refining numerical simulations in digital twinning of composite structures. A simple epoxy-carbon fiber reinforced cross-ply laminate with unbalanced asymmetric layup is employed in this study. It is ensured the material is elastically deformed during cutting by comparing the operating temperature and the glass transition temperature determined using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The cut surfaces are thoroughly assessed using optical, confocal, scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution surface topological scanning to validate the contour method assumptions. This includes characterization of the microstructure, material defects and cutting artefacts affecting the deformation topology of the cut surfaces. The paper sets a minimum resolvable length scale for residual stress, considering the size of constituents and surface roughness caused by diamond wire cutting. Finally, through thickness Residual stresses of cross ply laminate measured by the Contour Method is presented and validated against Pulse-method based slitting analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 112422"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liuchao Jin , Shouyi Yu , Jianxiang Cheng , Zhigang Liu , Kang Zhang , Sicong Zhou , Xiangnan He , Guoquan Xie , Mahdi Bodaghi , Qi Ge , Wei-Hsin Liao
{"title":"Machine learning powered inverse design for strain fields of hierarchical architectures","authors":"Liuchao Jin , Shouyi Yu , Jianxiang Cheng , Zhigang Liu , Kang Zhang , Sicong Zhou , Xiangnan He , Guoquan Xie , Mahdi Bodaghi , Qi Ge , Wei-Hsin Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hierarchical architectures are complex structures composed of multiple materials arranged at a microstructural level to achieve specific macroscopic properties. Despite the advantages offered by hierarchical architectures which are offering broad design freedom, this extensive design space also poses significant challenges for inverse designing hierarchical architectures. This paper addresses the inverse design of strain fields for hierarchical architectures by integrating efficient forward prediction with precise inverse optimization. Forward prediction models are developed to accurately predict the physical properties and performance metrics of these materials, while inverse optimization algorithms determine the optimal material distribution to achieve desired outcomes. We propose a machine learning approach that utilizes a recurrent neural network (RNN)-based forward prediction model trained on finite element analysis data, achieving over 99% accuracy. An evolutionary algorithm-based inverse optimization model is then used to identify the optimal material configuration to reach the desired strain fields. The results, validated through simulation and experimental testing, demonstrate the potential of machine learning to accelerate the design and optimization of strain fields in hierarchical architectures, paving the way for advanced material applications in the fields of aerospace engineering, biomedical devices, robotics, structural engineering, and energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 112372"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yushan Geng , Jianbao Zhang , Hang Wang , Jiao Chen , Hao Gong , Dongsheng Yang , Jun Cheng , Yong Yang , Jun Yang , Weimin Liu
{"title":"Ultra-wear-resistant high-entropy nanocomposite through gradient nanograined glaze-layer at 1000 °C","authors":"Yushan Geng , Jianbao Zhang , Hang Wang , Jiao Chen , Hao Gong , Dongsheng Yang , Jun Cheng , Yong Yang , Jun Yang , Weimin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of ultra-wear-resistant metallic materials capable of withstanding extreme temperatures remains a critical challenge in advancing tribological systems for aerospace, energy, and manufacturing industries. Here, we introduce a Co<sub>25</sub>Ni<sub>23</sub>Cr<sub>20</sub>Fe<sub>20</sub>Ti<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>4</sub>B<sub>2</sub> crystal-glass high-entropy nanocomposite, engineered with a high density of hierarchical nanoprecipitates. At 1000 °C, this material demonstrates an unprecedented negative wear rate of −2.3 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, surpassing state-of-the-art superalloys and intermetallic composites, while maintaining a low coefficient of friction of 0.26, comparable to advanced ceramic lubricants. This exceptional performance stems from a gradient nanograined glaze layer that dissipates frictional strain and suppresses brittle cracking and spalling of metallic oxides in the tribo-layer. Our findings expand the design space for high-entropy alloys and establish a scalable framework for developing next-generation ultra-durable materials for extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 112419"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayat A. Ibrahim , Ahmed A. Bahrawy , M.M. El-Rabiei , Hemdan S.H. Mohamed , Gomaa Khabiri
{"title":"Direct growth of hierarchical nickel tin cobalt sulfide thin film on Ni foam as a high-performance electrode for hybrid supercapacitor","authors":"Ayat A. Ibrahim , Ahmed A. Bahrawy , M.M. El-Rabiei , Hemdan S.H. Mohamed , Gomaa Khabiri","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study unveils an innovative approach for fabricating high-performance Nickel–Tin–Cobalt sulfide (NTCS) on Ni foam (NF) substrates as a ternary sulfide, shifting the boundaries of supercapacitors (SCs) technology towards economic efficiency. The successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique is used to prepare a range of NTCS thin films, as battery like electrode, and the optimized NTCS3@NF electrode displayed exceptional results, overtaking all previously reported ternary sulfides. The NTCS3@NF electrode achieved an impressive specific capacity (Cs) of 1708 C/g at 5 A/g, with 100 % capacity retention and coulombic efficiency after 20,000 cycles. The superior performance of the introduced electrodes is attributed to the effective direct growth of thin film over an excellent conductive substrate and avoiding creating dead surface area by using polymer binders. The inherent connection between the prepared thin film and substrate decreases the overall resistance and facilitates electron transfer across the interface. Also, the thin film porosity helps in effective ion diffusion between the electrode/electrolyte interface. Moreover, the NTCS3@NF//Activated Carbon (AC)@NF hybrid supercapacitor device (HSC) delivered an outstanding energy density (ED) of 20 Wh/kg and a power density (PD) of 12,909 W/kg at 10 A/g, retaining 76 % capacity and 81.2 % coulombic efficiency even after 100,000 cycles, surpassing the performance of leading HSCs. These findings position NTCS as a potential material for next-generation supercapacitors and economical energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 112420"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thuan Ho-Nguyen-Tan, Young Jae Kim, Geun Sik Shin, Jun Yeon Hwang, Minkook Kim, Soon Ho Yoon
{"title":"Anisotropic topology optimization and 3D printing for composite structures with tailored continuous carbon fiber paths","authors":"Thuan Ho-Nguyen-Tan, Young Jae Kim, Geun Sik Shin, Jun Yeon Hwang, Minkook Kim, Soon Ho Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an integration of level set-based anisotropic topology optimization and 3D printing for designing continuous carbon fiber (CCF)-reinforced polymer composite structures. During the optimization process, geometric boundaries of the composite structure are updated by solving a reaction–diffusion equation. Based on these boundaries, the fast marching algorithm is employed to generate tailored CCF paths across the structural domain. This approach ensures consistency of the fiber path layout in the numerical topology optimization and the corresponding 3D-printed model. To validate performance, the 3D-printed composite structure using tailored CCF paths is compared with structures using fixed fiber paths orientations of 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°, respectively. The numerical findings closely align with the experimental results for all study cases. Furthermore, the topology-optimized structure with tailored CCF paths exhibits superior performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 112371"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangrong Cheng , Bing Du , Jia He , Wanling Long , Guiyang Su , Jingwei Liu , Zhenhua Fan , Liming Chen
{"title":"A review of thermoplastic composites on wind turbine blades","authors":"Xiangrong Cheng , Bing Du , Jia He , Wanling Long , Guiyang Su , Jingwei Liu , Zhenhua Fan , Liming Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoplastic composites possess robust mechanical characteristics, flexibility, the capacity to be welded, recyclability, and a lightweight nature. Wind turbine blades are increasingly being designed to achieve higher power output, larger dimensions, and improved cost efficiency. Consequently, there is extensive research being conducted on the utilization of thermoplastic composites in wind turbine blades. This study provides an in-depth account of the research conducted on the optimization methods for designing wind turbine blades using thermoplastic composites. It also covers the manufacturing joining processes and the attributes associated with these materials. The text provides a comprehensive examination of recycling and reuse strategies for thermoplastic composites, specifically focusing on their suitability for wind turbine blade applications. The future research on the utilization of thermoplastic composites in wind turbine blades has been organized and determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 112411"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangwen Tan , Hongmin Zhou , Kaixuan Sun , Wei Yuan , Zishou Hu , Xinzhou Wu , Zunming Lu , Zheng Cui , Wenming Su
{"title":"Highly conductive surface-localized silver-enriched elastic conductors as a universal platform for skin electronics","authors":"Xiangwen Tan , Hongmin Zhou , Kaixuan Sun , Wei Yuan , Zishou Hu , Xinzhou Wu , Zunming Lu , Zheng Cui , Wenming Su","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Skin electronics will play a pivotal role in the connected healthcare system that can extend healthcare beyond the clinical environment to personalized medicine integrated with patients' daily lives. This paper proposes a complete skin electronic platform (which encompasses three main parts: surface-localized silver-enriched elastic conductors (SSECs)), solderable copper pads and medical dressing. The high-performance SSECs was prepared through gravity induced sediments of silver nanoflakes, which not only exhibit extremely low sheet resistance of 4.8 mΩ/sq (the conductivity is 5.12 × 10<sup>6</sup> S/m) but also superior stretchability (up to 300 %). The resistance variation of SSECs upon stretching is very small, which can satisfy the application requirements as analog circuit systems. Copper pads embedded in SSECs not only solve the problem of interconnecting with commercial rigid components and integrated circuits but also solve the problem of nagging issue of vulnerable connections between rigid and soft parts. The SSECs can be integrated into a permeable medical dressing by lamination, which is fully compatible and strong adhesion to the skin. As a demonstration, a skin circuit has been fabricated as the platform to integrate a temperature sensor and rigid circuitry to establish a skin temperature sensing system. Accurate temperature measurements can be maintained with only 0.3 % variation even at large wrist bending movements, adequately demonstrated the reliability and practicality of this innovative approach as a potentially universal platform and expected to have a broad application prospect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 112412"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low dielectric and high thermal conductivity polyimide nanocomposites with fully closed-loop recycling and highly consistent healing","authors":"Zhiyuan Peng, Ling Zhang, Chunzhong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multifunctional Polyimide (PI) with low dielectric and high thermal conductivity are widely utilized in high-signal-frequency and high-integration electronic devices, yet they are vulnerable to damage within complex operating environments. The development of such high-performance multifunctional composites with recyclable and repairable capability has represented significant challenges. Herein, novelty supramolecular PI nanocomposites comprising Schiff base bonds and hydron bonding interactions via amino-terminated polyimide, functionalized boron nitride nanosheets and aldehyde-containing crosslinking agents maintain the inherent high thermal stability and tensile strength of conventional PI and demonstrate fully closed-loop pH-adjusted liquid-level and high-purity powder-level recyclability, as well as superior healing ability after various mechanical or electrical damage. The resultant PI nanocomposite exhibits notable comprehensive performance, with high recycled in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity of 8.69 and 5.44 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>, low recycled dielectric constant of 2.98 at 1 MHz and excellent healed dielectric breakdown strength of 378.9 kV mm<sup>−1</sup>, as well as high recovery rates. Furthermore, the repairable triboelectric nanogenerator based on the PI nanocomposite exhibits excellent shape tailorability and nearly-consistent output electrical performance. The concepts presented in this paper offer practical solutions for sustainable high-performance electronic materials and shed light on the integrated structural design of green nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 112390"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuyu Zhang , Guangyong Sun , Cong Wang , He Li , Shiwei Zhou
{"title":"A review of structural topology optimization for fiber-reinforced composites","authors":"Xuyu Zhang , Guangyong Sun , Cong Wang , He Li , Shiwei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, advancements in additive manufacturing and automated fiber placement technologies have significantly improved the production of continuous fiber-reinforced composite materials. These developments have positioned topology optimization as a crucial tool for designing components with superior mechanical properties. This paper reviews various optimization methods proposed for creating lightweight, high-performance designs by leveraging the design freedoms offered by advanced fabrication technologies. It compares existing strategies and discusses the challenges and future directions in producing fiber-reinforced composite structures through advanced manufacturing techniques. The conclusions highlight that fiber-reinforced composite materials, developed using topology optimization methods, exhibit superior performance compared to traditional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 112393"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}