Composites Part B: Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Multifunctional highly conductive cellulose nanopaper with ordered PEDOT:PSS alignment enabled by external surface area-promoted phase separation","authors":"Ningxin Chen,&nbsp;Sida Xie,&nbsp;Jie Deng,&nbsp;Biao Wang,&nbsp;Shanchen Yang,&nbsp;Zhaohui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, with PEDOT:PSS, the most commercially available conducting polymer, can create multifunctional conductive nanopapers for sustainable electronics. However, conventional PEDOT:PSS/cellulose composites often exhibit limited conductivity, primarily due to the random distribution of PEDOT and the aggregation of PSS within the cellulose matrix. Herein, we introduce a confined phase separation approach that leverages the inherent physical characteristics of the cellulose substrate to enhance the performance of these composites. By systematically investigating the influence of the external surface area of nanocellulose on PEDOT:PSS coverage and composition evolution, we demonstrate that a higher external surface area ensures uniform PEDOT:PSS coating on nanocellulose networks and facilitates effective PSS removal during secondary doping. This process enhances phase separation and promotes ordered alignment of PEDOT chains along nanocellulose, resulting in an electrical conductivity of up to 252 S cm⁻¹. Such highly conductive nanopapers exhibit exceptional performances in supercapacitors and electromagnetic shielding, achieving an ultrahigh specific electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 33,122 dB cm² g⁻¹ at only 6 μm thickness. Our study highlights the critical role of cellulose substrate selection at the nanoscale and elucidates the interactions within conducting polymers, offering a promising pathway for developing high-performance, sustainable electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111919"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exceptional strength-toughness-hardness integrated B4C ceramics with synergistic reinforcement of nano-BN and in-situ ceramic phases","authors":"Heng Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Zeng ,&nbsp;Tianbin Zhu ,&nbsp;Yibiao Xu ,&nbsp;Yawei Li ,&nbsp;Zhengyi Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boron carbide (B₄C) ceramics with enhanced mechanical properties were fabricated by incorporating nano boron nitride (nano-BN), obtained through high-energy ball milling (HEBM) using ZrO₂ balls as the medium, and utilizing the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. During the densification process of B₄C/nano-BN composite powders, an <em>in-situ</em> reaction between the B₄C matrix and ZrO₂ resulted in the formation of ZrB₂ ceramic phases at 1200–1300 °C. Additionally, the rapid sintering densification temperature of composites is reduced to 1500–1700 °C, approximately 80 °C lower than that required for pure B₄C ceramics. Notably, while maintaining a high relative density (99.5 %), the Vickers hardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of B₄C ceramics reinforced with synergistic effects of nano-BN and ZrB₂ fabricated at 1750 °C are significantly improved to reach values of 36.8 ± 0.15 GPa, 701 ± 12 MPa, and 5.01 ± 0.13 MPa m^1/2 respectively; representing an increase of 3.5 GPa (10.5 %), 225 MPa (47.3 %), and 1.72 MPa m^1/2 (52.3 %) compared to pure B₄C ceramics alone. The multiple reinforcement mechanisms including pinning effects provided by nano-BN and <em>in-situ</em> formed ZrB₂ ceramic phases, B₄C/ZrB₂ grain boundary pressure and intracrystalline pressure within B₄C, interlayer dislocations of nano-BN and turbulent layer of B₄C/BN boundaries contribute to energy dissipation during fracture processes, such as crack deflection, bridging, propagation hindrance and branching effect; ultimately resulting in exceptional strength-toughness-hardness integrated B₄C-based ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111921"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural loofah sponge inspired 3D printed bionic scaffolds promote personalized bone defect regeneration","authors":"Xingyu Gui ,&nbsp;Ping Song ,&nbsp;Boqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Lei ,&nbsp;Lina Wu ,&nbsp;Jiayi Sun ,&nbsp;Rong Tang ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Qin ,&nbsp;Zixuan Su ,&nbsp;Jianxun Sun ,&nbsp;Zhihe Zhao ,&nbsp;Min Han ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Yujiang Fan ,&nbsp;Changchun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Critical-sized bone defects pose serious health concerns for patients. Clinically, the use of functionalized bone implants has emerged as an effective solution. However, the rapid advancement in drug and biomaterials has led to an increasing design cost, triggering discussions in the field about how to efficiently create customized functional bone implants. Inspired by the unique structure of natural loofah sponges that effectively deliver nutrients to seeds, we designed a functionalized bone implant emulating this structure. Drug-release gradients were achieved through the application of different concentrations of hydrogels within the composite scaffold. This approach allowed active substances to be released outwardly during the early stage of bone repair, sustaining a local drug micro-environment within the implant scaffold that promotes angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation in damaged areas. In vivo experiments showed that our loofah sponge bionic scaffold outperformed traditional hydroxyapatite scaffolds by promoting both bone and vascular regeneration. We expect the design of loofah sponge bionic scaffold could potentially deliver an effective strategy in the development of functionalized bone implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111920"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of a composite pressure vessel dome using non-geodesic tow paths and automated fibre placement manufacturing","authors":"Alexander Air ,&nbsp;Ebrahim Oromiehie ,&nbsp;B. Gangadhara Prusty","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Filament winding lacks the flexibility to produce composite pressure vessels with highly optimised thickness and fibre angles. Automated fibre placement can overcome this limitation using its selective material placement capability. In this work, two dome thickness optimisation strategies are introduced and evaluated for mass reduction and manufacturability. Additionally, fifteen non-geodesic fibre paths were examined using finite element analysis (FEA). The combined thickness and fibre angle optimised domes averaged a 48.94 % improvement in structural efficiency from the baseline. A demonstrator was manufactured, and thickness and fibre angle were measured with average differences of 3.45 % and 1.86 % from the simulations. Finally, hydrostatic pressure testing was performed to validate the FEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111906"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C/C-(Hf0.5Zr0.3Ti0.2)C–W–Cu composites: Long-term ablation resistance based on active-passive protection at 2600 °C","authors":"Junjie Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Xiang Xiong ,&nbsp;Hongbo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared with the traditional C/C composites modified by ultra-high-temperature ceramics (C/C-UHTCs), those modified by metal/medium-entropy ceramics have excellent mechanical properties, thermophysical properties, and long-term ablation resistance. These composites have great potential towards improving the high-temperature resistance and service life of thermal protection systems for spacecraft. In this study, a new type of (Hf_0.5Zr_0.3Ti_0.2)C–W–Cu cermet-modified C/C composites (C/C-(Hf_0.5Zr_0.3Ti_0.2)C–W–Cu) was prepared at 1500 °C. Compared with C/C-UHTCs, the bending strength and fracture toughness of C/C-(Hf_0.5Zr_0.3Ti_0.2)C–W–Cu increased by 70 % and 110 % to 364.25 MPa and 14.64 MPa m^1/2, respectively. Due to the high thermal conductivity of Cu and W, the thermal conductivity of this new composite was 106 % higher than that of C/C-(Hf_0.5Zr_0.3Ti_0.2)C (44.26 versus 21.53 W/m·K). Under a high heat flow of 4.18 MW/m², this material exhibited very low mass and linear ablation rates (−0.163 mg/s and −0.193 μm/s, respectively). Active and passive protection occur during ablation due to the evaporative cooling of Cu, CuO, and WO₃ as well as a dense outer oxide layer that inhibits oxygen diffusion. The internal oxide layer forms a Hf-Zr-Ti-C-O framework mingled with Ti-rich Ti-Hf-Zr-C-O and an unoxidised W–Cu structure, effectively reducing the osmotic oxygen content. This work provides a new direction for developing thermal protection materials capable of long-term service in ultra-high-temperature environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 111889"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The behaviour of micro-injection moulding inserts produced with material jetting technology","authors":"B. Stampone ,&nbsp;L. Giorleo ,&nbsp;G. Trotta","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing interest in additive manufacturing and advancements in precision and production quality have sparked attention to its use in industrial prototyping. High-performance polymer resins enhance flexibility in mass production processes like micro-injection moulding. This flexibility allows for reconfigurable moulds using resin inserts, enabling the transition of devices, such as microfluidics, from labs to large-scale production. Despite progress, limitations exist in additive manufacturing, including the minimum size of microstructures and the brittle behaviour of resin inserts during moulding cycles, impacting overall production capacity. This study focuses on using a micro-injection moulding machine to reproduce PMMA thin plates with single straight microchannels (250 μm) and with different side wall angles (0°, 15°, and 30°), investigating the best compromise between capability and insert resistance to moulding cycles. A careful study of the dynamics leading to the insert failure and the resin limits was carried out. The results showed that it is possible to produce about 15 micro-structured thin plates with good accuracy using a resin insert realised with Material Jetting technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111913"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of particle size and replacement ratio on mechanical performance of cementitious mortar containing ground recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (GRABS) waste plastics","authors":"Kenneth Olsen ,&nbsp;Hasan Ulus ,&nbsp;Monique H. Head ,&nbsp;Suresh G. Advani","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While waste plastics have been used as a natural sand aggregate replacement in cementitious mortar as a sustainable option to mitigate global accumulation of plastic waste in landfills, fundamental mechanical properties like compressive, tensile, and shear must be known to advance design and practical application of these cement-concrete composites as suitable building construction materials. Experimental testing is conducted to reveal to what extent the cementitious composite properties are altered, thereby influencing their overall mechanical performance, when both ungraded and graded ground recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (GRABS) plastic are employed as substitutes for natural aggregates. The novelty of this research lies in its pioneering investigation to quantify the effects of varying particle sizes and volume fractions of waste plastics acquired through mechanical recycling and their influences on the mechanical properties of mortars containing plastics as a composite material. The results from fresh and hardened material properties are compared to conventional mortar properties to examine the impact of various GRABS particle sizes and volume fractions on the overall material strength. While replacing sand with waste plastic generally reduced mechanical properties, the resulting mixes still met the minimum compressive strength (4060 psi [28 MPa]) as per ASTM <span><span>C150</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> standards for Portland cement. Notably, graded plastic particles with sizes less than 0.024 in [0.6 mm] demonstrated an overall improvement in mechanical properties compared to ungraded particles. Failure mechanisms responsible for compressive, tensile, and shear damage development are discussed by analyzing the fracture surfaces, which provide insight into the intricate relationship between waste plastic size and distribution on the mechanical behavior of mortar. The findings indicate that GRABS waste plastics, when combined with sand at appropriate particle sizes and volume fractions, have the potential to create tailored mixes to meet minimum mix design standards for construction applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 111914"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pull-off Behavior of Stitched Composite T-Joints","authors":"Aditya Shah ,&nbsp;Andrew E. Lovejoy ,&nbsp;Rani W. Sullivan ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Drake","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>T-joints are key structural elements that connect opposing surfaces, thereby providing the load path between flat or curved panels (i.e., upper and lower wing skins) and transverse components (i.e., stiffeners). Due to the low interlaminar strength of polymer matrix composites and their geometrical discontinuities, these joints are vulnerable to pull-off loads. To address these issues, through-thickness reinforcements can be employed to enhance the interlaminar capability of these type of joints. In this study, T-joints were manufactured using through-thickness stitching in dry carbon preforms and cured using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Stitched and unstitched T-joints were tested under pull-off loading conditions, and surface strain fields were obtained using a 3D digital image correlation system. The ultimate load, displacement, and absorbed energy of the stitched T-joints were greater than their unstitched counterparts by approximately 16 %, 34 %, and 58 %, respectively. Failure mechanisms were identified by examining fracture surfaces using optical microscopy. Results demonstrate that through-thickness stitching significantly improves the damage tolerance of T-joints, which highlights the effectiveness of stitching to enhance the structural integrity of large aerospace components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111911"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel model for predicting deformation of thermoplastic composites during heat-pressing process","authors":"Jiezheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Zhonghai Xu ,&nbsp;Chaocan Cai ,&nbsp;Dianyu Chen ,&nbsp;Shiqing Huang ,&nbsp;Chunxing Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong He","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber/polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) thermoplastic composites are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature resistance. However, the research on heat-pressing deformation and residual stress during high-temperature and high-pressure heat-pressing processes in CF/PEEK was relatively deficient. In this paper, a framework coupled with crystallization kinetics, micromechanics and thermodynamics was developed to predict the heat-pressing deformations of CF/PEEK and it was conducted by UMAT, DISP and UEXPAN subroutines. Moreover, the predictive model was verified by experiments effectively. Finally, we compared the difference in residual stress distributions between symmetric and asymmetric lay-ups and found that the melting temperature, thickness, angle and sequence of layers have a significant impact on the heat-pressing deformation. This work provided an effective tool for predicting heat-pressing deformations, which is great of significance in the manufacturing and application of CF/PEEK.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111912"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibre waviness reduction in thermoplastic pultrusion by using DREF yarns","authors":"Maissaloun El-Jakl,&nbsp;Louis Laberge Lebel","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-reactive thermoplastic pultrusion impregnation issues are mitigated by using hybrid input materials. Co-wound (CW) and commingled yarns are an assembly of continuous polymer and reinforcement fibres. Continuous thermoplastic fibres have shown to induce waviness in the reinforcement fibres during pultrusion due to their shrinkage at high temperature. DREF yarns are composed of a core of continuous reinforcement fibres onto which discontinuous polymer fibres are applied using the friction spinning process. This study, based on the application of 3 N and 0 N tension on CW and DREF yarns, aimed to highlight the contribution of discontinuous polymer fibres on reducing reinforcement waviness in pultruded rods. CW yarns’ reaction to heating showed continuous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres shrinkage resulting in wavy glass fibres (GF). Conversely, the GF in DREF yarns remained straight. Pultrusion experiments with yarn tension of 3 N were done to alleviate the GF waviness. However, the porosity was rather high at 4.2 % for CW rods and 2.3 % for DREF rods. Pultrusion experiments without tension showed lower porosity of level of 2.9 % for CW yarns and as low as 1.1 % for DREF yarns. However, CT-scan image indicated GF waviness in CW rods. GF in DREF rods remained straight. The in-plane shear strength reached 119 MPa. Thermoplastic pultrusion using DREF yarns resulted in composites without reinforcement fibre waviness, lower porosity level and superior shear strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111908"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}